scholarly journals Modulating dream experience: Noninvasive brain stimulation over the sensorimotor cortex reduces dream movement

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valdas Noreika ◽  
Jennifer M. Windt ◽  
Markus Kern ◽  
Katja Valli ◽  
Tiina Salonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Noninvasive Brain Stimulation ◽  
Sham Stimulation ◽  
Interhemispheric Coherence ◽  
Motor Network ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
Spatial Specificity

AbstractRecently, cortical correlates of specific dream contents have been reported, such as the activation of the sensorimotor cortex during dreamed hand clenching. Yet, the causal mechanisms underlying specific dream content remain largely elusive. Here, we investigated how alterations in the excitability of sensorimotor areas through transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) might alter dream content. Following bihemispheric tDCS or sham stimulation, participants who were awakened from REM sleep filled out a questionnaire on bodily sensations in dreams. tDCS, compared to sham stimulation, significantly decreased reports of dream movement, especially repetitive actions. Contrary to this, other types of bodily experiences, such as tactile or vestibular sensations, were not affected by tDCS, confirming the specificity of stimulation effects. In addition, tDCS reduced interhemispheric coherence in parietal areas and altered the phasic electromyography correlation between the two arms. These findings reveal that a complex reorganization of the motor network co-occurred with the reduction of dream movement, confirming spatial specificity of the stimulation site. We conclude that tDCS over the sensorimotor cortex causally interferes with dream movement during REM sleep.

Sleeping Pills and Dream Content

1974 ◽  
Vol 124 (583) ◽  
pp. 547-553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Firth
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movements ◽  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Sleeping Pills ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Natural Pattern

Almost all sleep-promoting drugs distort the natural pattern of sleep by suppressing rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and cause a rebound to above-normal values on withdrawal which typically lasts about six weeks (Oswald, 1968, 1969). Furthermore, barbiturates reduce the number of eye movements per unit time in REM sleep (Oswald et al., 1963; Baekeland, 1967; Lester et al., 1968; Feinberg et al., 1969), with a rebound in eye movement (EM) profusion on withdrawal (Oswald, 1970). Non-barbiturate hypnotics do likewise, also with a rebound in EM profusion on withdrawal (Allen et al., 1968; Lewis, 1968).

scholarly journals Impact of attachment styles on dream recall and dream content: a test of the attachment hypothesis of REM sleep

2001 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick McNamara ◽  
Jensine Andresen ◽  
Jill Clark ◽  
Michael Zborowski ◽  
Cheryl A. Duffy
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Dream Recall

Altered sensorimotor cortex noradrenergic function in idiopathic REM sleep behaviour disorder – A PET study

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
Katrine B. Andersen ◽  
Allan K. Hansen ◽  
Michael Sommerauer ◽  
Tatyana D. Fedorova ◽  
Karoline Knudsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Sensorimotor Cortex ◽  
Behaviour Disorder ◽  
Sleep Behaviour ◽  
Rem Sleep Behaviour Disorder ◽  
Noradrenergic Function

Dreaming has content and meaning not just form

2000 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 959-961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Kramer
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Current Concerns ◽  
The Impact

The biological theories of dreaming provide no explanation for the transduction from neuronal discharge to dreaming or waking consciousness. They cannot account for the variability in dream content between individuals or within individuals. Mind-brain isomorphism is poorly supported, as is dreaming's link to REM sleep. Biological theories of dreaming do not provide a function for dreaming nor a meaning for dreams. Evolutionary views of dreaming do not relate dream content to the current concerns of the dreamer and using the nightmare as the paradigm dream minimizes the impact of poor sleep on adaptations.[Hobson et al.; Nielsen; Revonsuo; Solms]

Age Differences in Dreams. II: Distortion and other Variables

1981 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Zepelin
Keyword(s):  
Age Differences ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Age Related ◽  
At Home

Age-related change in manifest dream content was assessed in dreams recalled from REM sleep by fifty-eight men aged twenty-seven to sixty-four and in dreams recalled from sleep at home. There was evidence of a small age-related decline in dream distortion (bizarreness) and family-related content, with family-related content most prominent from ages thirty-five to fifty-five. Overall the effect of increasing age on dream content is slight.

The Body Map Theory

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frédérique de Vignemont
Keyword(s):  
Peripersonal Space ◽  
The Body ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Body Map ◽  
Phantom Limbs

How do bodily experiences get a rich spatial content on the basis of the limited information carried by bodily senses? This chapter argues that one needs a map of the body, which represents its enduring properties (i.e. configuration and dimensions). This representation can be decoupled from the biological body leading the subject to experience sensations not only in phantom limbs but also in tools that bear little visual resemblance with the body. Does it entail that there is almost no limit to the malleability of the body map? Or that bodily sensations can be felt even beyond the apparent boundaries of the body, in peripersonal space, and possibly even farther? This chapter examines a series of cases that may cast doubt on the role of the body map for the localization of bodily sensations.

Aggressive dream content without daytime aggressiveness in REM sleep behavior disorder

Neurology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 65 (7) ◽  
pp. 1010-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Fantini ◽  
A. Corona ◽  
S. Clerici ◽  
L. Ferini-Strambi
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Rem Sleep Behavior Disorder ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Sleep Behavior

scholarly journals THE MYSTERY OF DREAMING AND REM SLEEP

MANASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Anton Coenen
Keyword(s):  
Eye Movement ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Dream Content ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Eye Movement ◽  
Dream Theory ◽  
Reliable Interpretation ◽  
Latent Content

Sleep is usually related to dreaming. However, it is still unknown why people dream and what is the importance of having a dream. This article will explore previous theories regarding dreaming and its association with REM sleep. The earliest research on sleeping and dreaming was marked by Eugene Aserinsky and professor Nathaniel Kleitman, which found a new stage of sleep called rapid eye movement or REM sleep. Then William Dement developed more research specifically in the field of dream observation. Both Aserinsky and Dement, along with Kleitman as their supervisor, became pioneers in sleep and dream studies. More studies were then developed with theory and hypothesis that tried to explain the mystery of dreaming, such as psychoanalytical dream theory and the activation – synthesis hypothesis. Despite both perspectives were opposed, those studies helped researcher in the field of dream to understand the relation between dreaming and REM sleep. Future research is needed in order to conduct a reliable interpretation of the manifest dream content and a stronger scientific basis in understanding the latent content of the dream.

Mindfulness and Acceptance Therapies for OCD

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate L. Morrison ◽  
Brooke M. Smith ◽  
Michael P. Twohig
Keyword(s):  
Sufficient Data ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Bodily Experiences ◽  
Common Goals ◽  
Bodily Sensations ◽  
The Common ◽  
Treatment Packages ◽  
The Way

This chapter summarizes mindfulness-based therapies for observe-compulsive disorder (OCD). Mindfulness and acceptance interventions focus on the way in which individuals with OCD address or experience their obsessions, anxiety, uncertainty, and bodily sensations, and how this impacts their behavior. Mindfulness and acceptance interventions include a variety of procedures and treatment packages that center around the common goals of being open, aware, and present with emotional, cognitive, and bodily experiences that can otherwise derail intended actions. Although more evidence is needed, there is sufficient data to suggest that mindfulness and acceptance interventions are reasonable options for the treatment of OCD and related disorders. This chapter summarizes the theory and application of mindfulness and acceptance therapies and the data examining their use for OCD and related disorders.

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