Expansion or Contraction of the Prophetic Experience? An Analysis of the Prophetic Dream Theory of ʿAbd al-Karīm Surūsh

This paper analyzes the theory that ʿAbd al-Karīm Surūsh proposes through an article series called The Prophet Muhammad: The Messenger of Prophetic Dreams, in light of previous approaches about revelation (waḥy) with regard to dreams and imagination. For this purpose, the first chapter of this paper centers on the distinction between the word “dream” (ruʾyā), as in Surūsh’s theory, and traditional approaches to revelation to determine differences in terms of content. The second chapter associates the explanation of revelation with dreams in order to compare alternative “imagination” (خيال، متخيلة) based approaches in Islamic philosophy and Sufism, in turn clarifying how Surūsh distinguishes them and resolves the relevant problematics.

BANGUNAN MIMPI TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NOVEL SELEMBAR ITU BERARTI KARYA SURYAMAN AMIPRIONO

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini mengangkat latar belakang permasalahan ekonomi yang dimiliki oleh tokoh utama yaitu, Putri dan Diaz. Putri dan Diaz yang harus berusaha sendiri untuk bertahan hidup dan membiayai pendidikan mereka. Lembar demi lembar kertas yang sudah tidak terpakai, di tempat tumpukan sampah dikumpulkan mereka untuk bisa bersekolah. Lika-liku perjuangan menuju sekolah yang penuh perjuangan, sera Ibu mereka yang harus bekerja dengan keadaan sakit-sakitan, sedangkan Ayah mereka yang telah lebih dulu meninggal. Akan tetapi, hidup kedua kakak beradik tersebut lebih berat, ketika ditinggal oleh kedua orang tuanya. Permasalahan ini yang mengakibabtkan, mimpi tokoh utama harus belajar bertahan hidup, kerja keras, dan terus mengejar impian. Untuk mengungkap permasalahan tersebut maka, metode yang digunakan adalah teori mimpi psikologi Sigmund Freund. Tujuan dari penelitian: (1) Tokoh utama yang ingin mendapatkan kehidupan yang lebih layak; (2) mendapatkan penghasilan untuk membiayai pendidikan; (3) menjadi orang yang pekerja keras dan pantang menyerah. Simpulan dari penelitian: (1) mimpi dari tokoh utama; (2) faktor mimpi tokoh utama; (3) dampak mimpi tokoh utama dalam kehidupan.KATA KUNCI: Mimpi, pendidikan, kerja keras THE DREAM BUILDING OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN THE NOVEL OF THE SHEET MEANS THE WORKS OF SURYAMAN AMIPRIONO ABSTRACT: This research raises the background of economic problems that are owned by the main characters, namely, Putri and Diaz. Putri and Diaz who have to try themselves to survive and pay for their education. Sheet after sheet of paper that is not used, they collect in the trash pile to be able to go to school. The twists and turns of the struggle to school are full of struggles, as their mother has to work sickly, while their father has died earlier. However, the lives of the two siblings were tougher, when their parents left them. This problem causes the main character's dream to learn to survive, work hard, and continue to pursue dreams. To solve this problem, the method used is Sigmund Freund's psychological dream theory. The objectives of the research are: (1) the main character who wants to get a more decent life; (2) earn income to finance education; (3) become a hard worker and never give up. Conclusions from the study: (1) the dream of the main character; (2) the main character's dream factor; (3) the impact of the main character's dream in life.KEY WORDS: Dreams, education, hard work

BANGUNAN MIMPI TOKOH UTAMA DALAM NOVEL SELEMBAR ITU BERARTI KARYA SURYAMAN AMIPRIONO

ABSTRAK: Penelitian ini mengangkat latar belakang permasalahan ekonomi yang dimiliki oleh tokoh utama yaitu, Putri dan Diaz. Putri dan Diaz yang harus berusaha sendiri untuk bertahan hidup dan membiayai pendidikan mereka. Lembar demi lembar kertas yang sudah tidak terpakai, di tempat tumpukan sampah dikumpulkan mereka untuk bisa bersekolah. Lika-liku perjuangan menuju sekolah yang penuh perjuangan, sera Ibu mereka yang harus bekerja dengan keadaan sakit-sakitan, sedangkan Ayah mereka yang telah lebih dulu meninggal. Akan tetapi, hidup kedua kakak beradik tersebut lebih berat, ketika ditinggal oleh kedua orang tuanya. Permasalahan ini yang mengakibabtkan, mimpi tokoh utama harus belajar bertahan hidup, kerja keras, dan terus mengejar impian. Untuk mengungkap permasalahan tersebut maka, metode yang digunakan adalah teori mimpi psikologi Sigmund Freund. Tujuan dari penelitian: (1) Tokoh utama yang ingin mendapatkan kehidupan yang lebih layak; (2) mendapatkan penghasilan untuk membiayai pendidikan; (3) menjadi orang yang pekerja keras dan pantang menyerah. Simpulan dari penelitian: (1) mimpi dari tokoh utama; (2) faktor mimpi tokoh utama; (3) dampak mimpi tokoh utama dalam kehidupan.KATA KUNCI: Mimpi, pendidikan, kerja keras> THE DREAM BUILDING OF THE MAIN CHARACTER IN THE NOVEL OF THE SHEET MEANS THE WORKS OF SURYAMAN AMIPRIONO ABSTRACT: This research raises the background of economic problems that are owned by the main characters, namely, Putri and Diaz. Putri and Diaz who have to try themselves to survive and pay for their education. Sheet after sheet of paper that is not used, they collect in the trash pile to be able to go to school. The twists and turns of the struggle to school are full of struggles, as their mother has to work sickly, while their father has died earlier. However, the lives of the two siblings were tougher, when their parents left them. This problem causes the main character's dream to learn to survive, work hard, and continue to pursue dreams. To solve this problem, the method used is Sigmund Freund's psychological dream theory. The objectives of the research are: (1) the main character who wants to get a more decent life; (2) earn income to finance education; (3) become a hard worker and never give up. Conclusions from the study: (1) the dream of the main character; (2) the main character's dream factor; (3) the impact of the main character's dream in life.KEY WORDS: Dreams, education, hard work

A teoria do sonho de F. S. perls: evolução, problemas teóricos e práticos

The dream theory created by F. S. Perls, traditionally, has been characterized as a projection or an existential message. However, this description only represents a simplistic explanation of the broader and original conceptualization of the dream phenomenon developed by Perls. In this regard, in this paper an orderly exposition of the perlsian theory of the dream is done, as well as a critical analysis of the propositions on which it is based, paying special attention to the errors inherent in it and its implications in clinical practice. It is concluded that the perlsian theory of the oneiric evolved in three stages, namely, original model of the dream, model of correspondence and classical model of the dream, each of which constitutes, in its own right, a theory of the dream in which it defines the dream phenomenon in a particular way and is attributed to specific psychological and therapeutic functions, as well as a specific work methodology. Palavras-chave : Gestalt therapy; Dreams; Hallucinations; Fantasy; Eidetic imager.

THE MYSTERY OF DREAMING AND REM SLEEP

Sleep is usually related to dreaming. However, it is still unknown why people dream and what is the importance of having a dream. This article will explore previous theories regarding dreaming and its association with REM sleep. The earliest research on sleeping and dreaming was marked by Eugene Aserinsky and professor Nathaniel Kleitman, which found a new stage of sleep called rapid eye movement or REM sleep. Then William Dement developed more research specifically in the field of dream observation. Both Aserinsky and Dement, along with Kleitman as their supervisor, became pioneers in sleep and dream studies. More studies were then developed with theory and hypothesis that tried to explain the mystery of dreaming, such as psychoanalytical dream theory and the activation – synthesis hypothesis. Despite both perspectives were opposed, those studies helped researcher in the field of dream to understand the relation between dreaming and REM sleep. Future research is needed in order to conduct a reliable interpretation of the manifest dream content and a stronger scientific basis in understanding the latent content of the dream.

Thinking Fantasies: Visions and Voices in Medieval English Secular Writing

The creative engagement with visions and voices in medieval secular writing is the subject of this essay. Visionary experience is a prominent trope in late medieval imaginative fiction, rooted in long-standing literary conventions of dream vision, supernatural encounter and revelation, as well as in medical, theological and philosophical preoccupations of the period. Literary texts repeatedly depict supernatural experience of different kinds—dreams and prophecies, voices and visions, marvels and miracles, otherworldly and ghostly visitants. In part, such narratives respond to an impulse towards escapism and interest in the fantastic, and they have typically been seen as non-mimetic. Yet they also engage with serious ideas concerning visionary experience and the ways in which individual lives may open onto the supernatural—taking up the possibilities suggested both by dream theory and by the theological and psychological models of the period. Examples drawn from a range of Middle English romances and from Chaucer’s romance writing demonstrate the powerful creative potential of voices and visions. Such experiences open onto fearful and fascinating questions concerning forces beyond the self and their intersections with the processes of individual thinking, feeling and being in the world, from trauma to revelation to romantic love.

From Flibbertigibbet to Ernest Jones and Ernst Simmel: Nightmares under Analysis

Freud's The Interpretation of Dreams denies itself any reference to the immemorial folklore and demonology of nightmares. This telling omission can be linked to the marginal role assigned to the affective dimension of dreams in Freud's book. It can also be linked to Freud's life-long struggle to determine the place of anxiety dreams in the framework of his dream theory. This conceptual problem became even more urgent when, in the wake of World War I, the anxiety dreams of traumatized soldiers appeared on the psychoanalytic agenda. Among Freud's closest collaborators, Ernest Jones was the first to turn his attention to the mythology of nightmares. Interestingly enough, Jones's study treats the nightmare complex exclusively as a problem of cultural theory instead of dream theory. In this essay I explore the theoretical implications of this half-forgotten chapter of psychoanalytic dream theory focusing on Freud, Jones and Ernst Simmel.