scholarly journals Fine scale population structure linked to neutral divergence in the common sole (Solea solea), a marine fish with high dispersal capacity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Le Moan ◽  
Belén Jiménez-Mena ◽  
Dorte Bekkevold ◽  
Jakob Hemmer-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Solea Solea ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Common Sole

AbstractThe Baltic Sea provides a classical example of how an environmental gradient is associated with the distribution of marine species. Here, numerous genetic studies have revealed clear patterns of population structuring linked to the physical features of the gradient itself. Nevertheless, it remains difficult to distinguish clearly between the different micro-evolutionary processes that shape these structured populationsin situ. The common sole (Solea solea) is a benthic flatfish that rarely occurs within the Baltic Sea, but that exhibits a clear genetic break between populations from the North Sea – Baltic Sea transition zone and the remainder of the Atlantic Ocean. Here, we aim to evaluate the extent to which natural selection is involved in the observed patterns of divergence of sole populations occurring in the transition zone by comparing them with population structures of other flatfish species that have successfully colonized the Baltic Sea. By using several thousand of ddRAD-derived SNPs, we identified a fine-scale pattern of isolation-by-distance (IBD) of sole populations in the region. However, despite strong biological similarities among the flatfishes compared here, the sole IBD was, by far, the lowest detected across the transition zone. While selection was inferred to strongly influence all other flatfishes evolutionary histories, the analytical inference on the sole demographic history suggests that this fine-scale IBD is mainly maintained by neutral processes due to low effective population size of sole in the transition zone and asymmetrical gene flow. Our work contributes to a growing body of evidence suggesting that the strength of the different micro-evolutionary processes is species-specific, even when species occur in the same environment.

Determinants of fine-scale plant diversity in dry calcareous grasslands within the Baltic Sea region

2014 ◽  
Vol 182 ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Triin Reitalu ◽  
Aveliina Helm ◽  
Meelis Pärtel ◽  
Karin Bengtsson ◽  
Pille Gerhold ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Calcareous Grasslands ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Baltic

Clause-final negative particles in varieties of Swedish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Rosenkvist
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
External Position ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Internal Particle

Abstract While the Swedish negator inte may be doubled in a final clause-external position, in both standard Swedish and dialects, many dialects also allow a final, clause-internal particle (e, i or ai) in negated clauses. FNPs occur in a coherent area around the Baltic Sea, and in contrast with doubling negation, they are possible both after both inte and aldrig ‘never’. FNPs are also used in questions and exclamations, contexts that disallow doubling negation. These particles may have developed from the former Swedish negator ej or from the common inte. An argument for the former alternative is that other dialectal phenomena that spread from central Sweden during the late Middle Ages have approximately the same geographic distribution. In the final section of the paper, some typological consequences and implications are discussed. Furthermore, it is argued that syntactic studies of non-standard varieties may reveal new insights of typological relevance.

scholarly journals Sustainable development solutions and complex it means for evaluation of water pollution processes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalė Dzemydienė
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Layered System ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Wastewater Pollution ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Practical Implications

The purpose of this research is the developing of decision support system (DSS) by integrating all working information systems (ISS) for wastewater pollution evaluation processes by contributing in achieving the common goal of the Helsinki Convention (HELCOM) for countries to preserve and restore the ecosystems of the Baltic Sea. Research methodology based on design approach for the development of DSS as a multi-layered system with the multi–componential, interoperable structure of databases (DBs), data warehouses, and IS, which are under the responsibility of different public administration institutions. Findings – presented results on integration of information sources and collaboration workflows help in searching of suitable indicators for revealing the situations of water pollution from wastewater bodies and objects in districts of Lithuania and the effluxes in the Baltic Sea. Research limitations – the complexity of pollution processes and the multi-layered structure of distributed ISs under different responsibilities identify problems and requirements for adequate DSS working online. Practical implications – the results will help for influencing the decisions provided for responsible institutions of Lithuania and other members of the HELCOM, responsible for the protection of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea. Originality/Value intend to assess the sustainability requirements in the wastewater sector, by providing integrated collaboration of ISs.

scholarly journals Deep impact? Is mercury in dab (Limanda limanda) a marker for dumped munition? Results from munition dump site Kolberger Heide (Baltic Sea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Kammann ◽  
Marc-Oliver Aust ◽  
Maike Siegmund ◽  
Nicole Schmidt ◽  
Katharina Straumer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Dump Site ◽  
Deep Impact ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Common ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractDumped munitions contain various harmful substances which can affect marine biota like fish. One of them is mercury (Hg), included in the common explosive primer Hg fulminate. There is still a lack of knowledge whether dumped munitions impact the Hg concentrations in the Baltic Sea environment. This study aims to answer the question if dab caught at the dump site Kolberger Heide show higher Hg concentrations released from munition sources and whether Hg in fish is a usable marker for munition exposure. Therefore, a total of 251 individual dab (Limanda limanda) were analysed including 99 fish from the dump site. In fish from the Kolberger Heide, no elevated Hg concentrations were found compared to reference sites when age-dependent bioaccumulation of mercury was considered. Therefore we conclude that Hg in fish is no suitable indicator for exposure to munition dumping, e.g. in the frame of possible future monitoring studies as Hg exposure originating from dumped munition is only a small contributor to overall Hg exposure of fish.

scholarly journals Speed structure of the mantle of the border of the Eastern European and West European platforms

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 181-192
Author(s):  
T. A. Tsvetkova ◽  
I. V. Bugaenko ◽  
L. N. Zaets
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Upper Mantle ◽  
High Velocity ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Low Velocity ◽  
East European ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
West European

This work is devoted to studying the velocity structure of the mantle of the border area of the East European and West European platforms in the crust separated by the Teiserre-Tornquist zone. The mantle under the territory of Poland and Western Ukraine is being investigated. The work uses a three-dimensional P-velocity model of the mantle, constructed using the Taylor approximation method developed by V. S. Geyko. The method’s advantages are independent of the initial approximation (reference model) and the best approximation of nonlinearity. In this area, the exploration depth is 2500 km south of 50 °NL and 1700 km north of 50 °NL. A detailed analysis of horizontal sections of a 3D P-velocity model of the mantle up to a depth of 850 km with a step of 50 km has been carried out. The change in the spatial distribution of the zero seismic velocity boundary is analyzed throughout the depths. This boundary separates the high-velocity upper mantle of the East European Platform and the low-velocity upper mantle of the West European Platform. At the depths of the transition zone of the upper mantle, this boundary separates the low-velocity upper mantle of the East European platform and the high-velocity upper mantle of the West European platform (in this geosphere, a velocity inversion has occurred with respect to the upper mantle). In latitudinal sections, two inclined layers are distinguished. One of them is associated with the upper mantle under the DDV and reaches the mantle under the Carpathians, where it begins to plunge into the high-velocity transition zone of the upper mantle. The second layer is associated with the mantle under the northwestern end of the Baltic syneclise, which extends to the mantle under the Presudet monocline, where it also plunges into the high-velocity transition zone of the upper mantle. In longitudinal sections, inclined layers are distinguished, extending from the mantle under the South Scandinavian megablock of the Baltic Shield to the mantle under the Bohemian massif and the Carpathians, where they plunge into the high-velocity transition zone of the upper mantle. In the study area, three super-deep fluids were identified, characterized by increased stratification of the medium (alternation of higher and lower velocities). The first includes the well-known oil and gas fields of the Central European oil and gas basin (Pomorie and Presudet monocline (Poland)). The second is associated with oil and gas fields of the North Ciscarpathian oil and gas basin (southeastern Poland) and the Carpathian oil and gas basin (Western Ukraine). The extracted super-deep fluid in the mantle of the Baltic Sea corresponds to both the Gdansk Gulf of the Baltic Sea and the Kaliningrad fields (southeast of the Baltic Sea).

scholarly journals Salinity Driven Selection and Local Adaptation in Baltic Sea Mytilid Mussels

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loreen Knöbel ◽  
Jennifer C. Nascimento-Schulze ◽  
Trystan Sanders ◽  
Dominique Zeus ◽  
Claas Hiebenthal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Local Adaptation ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Selective Pressure ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Larval Performance ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Eastern Baltic

Baltic blue mussels can colonise and dominate habitats with far lower salinity (<10 psu) than other Mytilus congeners. Pervasive gene flow was observed between Western Baltic Mytilus edulis living at high salinity conditions and Eastern Baltic M. trossulus living at lower salinites, with highest admixture proportions within a genetic transition zone located at intermediate salinities (Darss Sill area). Yet, we do not understand the impacts of low salinity on larval performance, and how salinity may act as an early selective pressure during passive larval drift across salinity gradients. This study tested whether larvae originating from two different populations along the natural salinity cline in the Baltic Sea have highest fitness at their native salinities. Our results suggest that Eastern Baltic M. trossulus (Usedom, 7 psu) and Western Baltic M. edulis (Kiel, 16 psu) larvae display better performance (fitness components: growth, mortality, settlement success) when reared at their respective native salinities. This suggests that these populations are adapted to their local environment. Additionally, species diagnostic markers were used for genetic analyses of transition zone (Ahrenshoop, 11 psu) mussel larvae exposed to low salinity. This revealed that low salinity selection resulted in a shift towards allele frequencies more typical for Eastern Baltic M. trossulus. Thus, salinity acts as a selective pressure during the pre-settlement phase and can shape the genetic composition of Baltic mussel populations driving local adaptation to low salinity. Future climate change driven desalination, therefore, has the potential to shift the Baltic Sea hybrid gradient westward with consequences for benthic ecosystem structure.

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