Clause-final negative particles in varieties of Swedish

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henrik Rosenkvist
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Final Section ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Late Middle Ages ◽  
External Position ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Internal Particle

Abstract While the Swedish negator inte may be doubled in a final clause-external position, in both standard Swedish and dialects, many dialects also allow a final, clause-internal particle (e, i or ai) in negated clauses. FNPs occur in a coherent area around the Baltic Sea, and in contrast with doubling negation, they are possible both after both inte and aldrig ‘never’. FNPs are also used in questions and exclamations, contexts that disallow doubling negation. These particles may have developed from the former Swedish negator ej or from the common inte. An argument for the former alternative is that other dialectal phenomena that spread from central Sweden during the late Middle Ages have approximately the same geographic distribution. In the final section of the paper, some typological consequences and implications are discussed. Furthermore, it is argued that syntactic studies of non-standard varieties may reveal new insights of typological relevance.

Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Religious Studies ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Cultural Goods ◽  
The Third ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Baltic

Since prehistoric times, the Baltic Sea has functioned as a northern mare nostrum — a crucial nexus that has shaped the languages, folklore, religions, literature, technology, and identities of the Germanic, Finnic, Sámi, Baltic, and Slavic peoples. This anthology explores the networks among those peoples. The contributions to Contacts and Networks in the Baltic Sea Region: Austmarr as a Northern mare nostrum, ca. 500-1500 ad address different aspects of cultural contacts around and across the Baltic from the perspectives of history, archaeology, linguistics, literary studies, religious studies, and folklore. The introduction offers a general overview of crosscultural contacts in the Baltic Sea region as a framework for contextualizing the volume’s twelve chapters, organized in four sections. The first section concerns geographical conceptions as revealed in Old Norse and in classical texts through place names, terms of direction, and geographical descriptions. The second section discusses the movement of cultural goods and persons in connection with elite mobility, the slave trade, and rune-carving practice. The third section turns to the history of language contacts and influences, using examples of Finnic names in runic inscriptions and Low German loanwords in Finnish. The final section analyzes intercultural connections related to mythology and religion spanning Baltic, Finnic, Germanic, and Sámi cultures. Together these diverse articles present a dynamic picture of this distinctive part of the world.

scholarly journals Fine scale population structure linked to neutral divergence in the common sole (Solea solea), a marine fish with high dispersal capacity

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Le Moan ◽  
Belén Jiménez-Mena ◽  
Dorte Bekkevold ◽  
Jakob Hemmer-Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Structured Populations ◽  
Fine Scale ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Evolutionary Processes ◽  
Solea Solea ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Common Sole

AbstractThe Baltic Sea provides a classical example of how an environmental gradient is associated with the distribution of marine species. Here, numerous genetic studies have revealed clear patterns of population structuring linked to the physical features of the gradient itself. Nevertheless, it remains difficult to distinguish clearly between the different micro-evolutionary processes that shape these structured populationsin situ. The common sole (Solea solea) is a benthic flatfish that rarely occurs within the Baltic Sea, but that exhibits a clear genetic break between populations from the North Sea – Baltic Sea transition zone and the remainder of the Atlantic Ocean. Here, we aim to evaluate the extent to which natural selection is involved in the observed patterns of divergence of sole populations occurring in the transition zone by comparing them with population structures of other flatfish species that have successfully colonized the Baltic Sea. By using several thousand of ddRAD-derived SNPs, we identified a fine-scale pattern of isolation-by-distance (IBD) of sole populations in the region. However, despite strong biological similarities among the flatfishes compared here, the sole IBD was, by far, the lowest detected across the transition zone. While selection was inferred to strongly influence all other flatfishes evolutionary histories, the analytical inference on the sole demographic history suggests that this fine-scale IBD is mainly maintained by neutral processes due to low effective population size of sole in the transition zone and asymmetrical gene flow. Our work contributes to a growing body of evidence suggesting that the strength of the different micro-evolutionary processes is species-specific, even when species occur in the same environment.

scholarly journals Sustainable development solutions and complex it means for evaluation of water pollution processes

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dalė Dzemydienė
Keyword(s):  
Water Pollution ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Public Administration ◽  
Layered System ◽  
Common Goal ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Wastewater Pollution ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Practical Implications

The purpose of this research is the developing of decision support system (DSS) by integrating all working information systems (ISS) for wastewater pollution evaluation processes by contributing in achieving the common goal of the Helsinki Convention (HELCOM) for countries to preserve and restore the ecosystems of the Baltic Sea. Research methodology based on design approach for the development of DSS as a multi-layered system with the multi–componential, interoperable structure of databases (DBs), data warehouses, and IS, which are under the responsibility of different public administration institutions. Findings – presented results on integration of information sources and collaboration workflows help in searching of suitable indicators for revealing the situations of water pollution from wastewater bodies and objects in districts of Lithuania and the effluxes in the Baltic Sea. Research limitations – the complexity of pollution processes and the multi-layered structure of distributed ISs under different responsibilities identify problems and requirements for adequate DSS working online. Practical implications – the results will help for influencing the decisions provided for responsible institutions of Lithuania and other members of the HELCOM, responsible for the protection of the marine environment of the Baltic Sea. Originality/Value intend to assess the sustainability requirements in the wastewater sector, by providing integrated collaboration of ISs.

scholarly journals Deep impact? Is mercury in dab (Limanda limanda) a marker for dumped munition? Results from munition dump site Kolberger Heide (Baltic Sea)

2021 ◽  
Vol 193 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Kammann ◽  
Marc-Oliver Aust ◽  
Maike Siegmund ◽  
Nicole Schmidt ◽  
Katharina Straumer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Reference Sites ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Dump Site ◽  
Deep Impact ◽  
Age Dependent ◽  
The Common ◽  
Harmful Substances ◽  
The Baltic

AbstractDumped munitions contain various harmful substances which can affect marine biota like fish. One of them is mercury (Hg), included in the common explosive primer Hg fulminate. There is still a lack of knowledge whether dumped munitions impact the Hg concentrations in the Baltic Sea environment. This study aims to answer the question if dab caught at the dump site Kolberger Heide show higher Hg concentrations released from munition sources and whether Hg in fish is a usable marker for munition exposure. Therefore, a total of 251 individual dab (Limanda limanda) were analysed including 99 fish from the dump site. In fish from the Kolberger Heide, no elevated Hg concentrations were found compared to reference sites when age-dependent bioaccumulation of mercury was considered. Therefore we conclude that Hg in fish is no suitable indicator for exposure to munition dumping, e.g. in the frame of possible future monitoring studies as Hg exposure originating from dumped munition is only a small contributor to overall Hg exposure of fish.

scholarly journals Establishing transboundary tourist space in the Baltic Sea region

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (Special Issue 1) ◽  
pp. 149-157
Author(s):  
DENIS CERIĆ ◽  
MAREK WIĘCKOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Cross Border ◽  
Baltic Sea Region ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Cross Border Cooperation

Background: The Baltic Sea region has been an area of intense political, economic and cultural contacts since the early Middle Ages. However, it severely suffered both during the Second World War and in its aftermath through to 1989. Since the mid-1990s, initiatives, programs and organisations promoting cooperation in this region have been put in place, and, in line with the expansion of the European Union, there have been far more opportunities (both organisational and financial) for cross-border cooperation, including in a transboundary context. Material and methods: The main sources of data for quantitative analysis have been official reports of Interreg Programme projects in the Baltic Sea region, as given effect to in the period between 2007 and 2013. In turn, qualitative analysis has drawn on descriptions of selected projects, mainly in reports and on relevant websites. Results: This article acquaints the reader with issues underpinning cross-border cooperation in the transboundary context of the Baltic Sea region, focusing on key aspects relating to the establishment of transboundary tourist space. Several examples of EU co-financed cross-border cooperation in tourism are also presented in greater detail. Conclusions: The process of establishing transboundary tourist space across the Baltic Sea is seen to depend greatly on co-financing by the European Union. Such EU-backed projects serving the development of cross-border tourism in the transboundary context of the Baltic Sea region can be assigned to four groups entailing: (1) the integration of transport, (2) tourism management, (3) the generation of tourist products, and (4) the development of a regional identity. However, it is typical of these projects for cooperation in the development of tourist attractions and products to be led by entities from the more developed part of the region, which therefore receive more funding than partners’ beneficiaries from the Baltic’s less-developed part. Preliminary analysis thus suggests that EU projects may not necessarily help to even out differences, i.e. reduce disparities, between the “Old” and “New” EU, even if they may be significant in helping to combine potential.

scholarly journals Comparative analysis of early medieval anthropomorphic wooden figurines from Poland. Representations of gods, deceased or ritual objects?

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Szczepanik
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
The Baltic Sea ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The Baltic ◽  
Baltic Sea Basin ◽  
Written Sources

Miniature anthropomorphic images, due to their unique character, have attracted the attention of archaeologists for a very long time. This text analyses the forms, significance and functions of items coming from the early Middle Ages, which were discovered in the area of Poland. The set of wooden objects is diverse in terms of form and probably also in terms of meaning. The biggest number of artefacts come from Pomerania, but some of them were found in other places. The Baltic Sea basin will be used as a broad comparative background during this analysis. Information from written sources and from broad anthropological reflection will also be used in an attempt to determine the functions and meanings of these miniature figurines. Thanks to this analysis, it will be possible to show the importance of anthropomorphic figures in the context of early medieval religion and beliefs.

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