scholarly journals Distances walked by beach users and protecting shorebird habitat zones from disturbance

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Totterman
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
Access Point ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Environmental Behaviour ◽  
Far North ◽  
Dog Walking ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Shorebird Habitat ◽  
Human Recreation

ABSTRACTHuman population growth along Australia’s coast is increasing development and recreation pressures on beaches and shorebirds. This study observed human recreation on 18 beaches on the far north coast of New South Wales in February and March 2019. The far north coast supports the largest numbers of beach-resident Australian Pied Oystercatchers Haematopus longirostris in the State. The most frequent activities observed were walking (29%), dog walking (21%) and swimming (16%). Walkers covered greater distances compared to other beach users. For beach walkers and dog walkers combined, the mean along shore distance walked from an access point was 809 m and the 95th percentile was 1990 m. Noting that human recreation disturbance is a major conservation threat to beach nesting birds and that pro-environmental behaviour is uncommon among beach users, large separation distances between beach access points and shorebird habitat zones are recommended to reduce human intrusions into those zones. This spatial zoning and passive human exclusion strategy can be applied to long and less-developed beaches.

The decline and likely loss of a population of the Northern Long-nosed Potoroo Potorous tridactylus tridactylus in Tyagarah Nature Reserve on the New South Wales Far North Coast

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Milledge ◽  
Norman Graham ◽  
Jill Smith
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
New South ◽  
Local Population ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Camera Trapping ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Far North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Alectura Lathami ◽  
Potorous Tridactylus

ABSTRACT A population of the Northern Long-nosed Potoroo Potorous tridactylus tridactylus in Tyagarah Nature Reserve on the far north coast of New South Wales was first recorded in 1985. In 1992, a cage-trapping study captured 15 individuals in the central section of the reserve and the population was estimated at 80–90 individuals at that time. A subsequent cage-trapping study in 2004 captured four individuals in the southern section of the reserve, but further cage- and camera-trapping surveys in 2009 and 2012 failed to detect any individuals. Additional camera-trapping surveys between 2012 and 2015 and more intensive surveys between 2015 and 2016 also failed to detect any individuals. The lack of detections from targeted surveys over seven years between 2009 and 2016 suggests that the Tyagarah population of the subspecies has been lost. Reasons for this loss are unclear but may be due to a combination of factors including isolation of the reserve by urban development and highway upgrades, a lack of fire for 40 years, competition for food with the local population of the Australian Brush-turkey Alectura lathami, prolonged drought and possibly, predation by the Red Fox Vulpes vulpes and non-target effects of predator control programs.

Sheep production on the north coast of New South Wales. 2. A feasibility study of prime lamb production

1980 ◽  
Vol 20 (102) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
RDH Cohen
Keyword(s):  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Short Period ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sheep Production

Lamb production was studied in an experiment that ran for four years, 1968 to 1972, at Grafton, New South Wales, in a region where no commercial sheep are grown. Merino and Dorset Horn x Merino ewes stocked at 15 ewes ha-1 were mated in spring to Border Leicester rams and the lambs sold for slaughter in October. The mean number of lambs born per 100 ewes mated was 81.7 for crossbred ewes and 48.4 for Merino ewes (P< 0.05) and the mean carcase weights of the lambs were 14.8 kg and 12.7 kg, respectively (P< 0.01). The mean weight of fleeces cut from Merino ewes (3.24 kg) was greater (P< 0.01) than that from crossbred ewes (2.58 kg). The ewes were treated with anthelmintics either every four weeks or according to climatic conditions. There were no significant differences between the anthelmintic treatments for lamb liveweights at birth, weaning or slaughter; carcase weight; ewe fleece weight; or mortality rate. Treatment every four weeks increased ewe live weight during only one short period from August 1971 to February 1972 (P< 0.05). Data from this experiment compared favourably with survey data for the high rainfall zone in Australia and it was concluded that prime lamb production on the north coast of New South Wales is biologically feasible.

Survival of Rhizobium trifolii strains on inoculated seed held at 35°C

1977 ◽  
Vol 17 (89) ◽  
pp. 995 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Philpotts
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
New South ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Good Survival ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Rhizobium Trifolii ◽  
Far North ◽  
Commercial Strain ◽  
South Wales

Fifteen Rhizobium trifolii strains, selected from 62 isolations from naturalized white clover (Trifolium repens) plants on the far north coast of New South Wales, were tested for their tolerance to high temperature. They were compared with TAI (the current commercial strain) and CC275e, when used as peat cultures to inoculate seed held at 35�C. TAI showed the most rapid decline and its death rate was significantly higher than that of all except one of the isolates. CC275e showed good survival, and its death rate was similar to the lowest in two out of the three groups in which it was included. Differences between local isolates were small except for two which showed poorer survival.

scholarly journals Place and Music: performing 'the region' on the New South Wales Far North Coast

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Social Practice ◽  
Local Politics ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Economic Restructuring ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Cultural Discourses ◽  
Far North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Musical Practices

This paper draws on research conducted for over a decade on the musical cultures of the New South Wales Far North Coast, as a contribution to debates in geography and popular music studies on the links between music, place and articulations of cultural identities. Patterns of migration and economic restructuring over the last 20 years have transformed the Far North Coast region, with associated changes in the images conjured to describe the region – from those centred on dairying, fishing and sugar harvesting to those of a ‘lifestyle’ or ‘alternative’ region, with growth in employment in tourism, recreational services, ‘gourmet’ agricultural production, culinary delights, homewares retail and the arts. Music has been a constant presence in the region throughout generations, but became much more pronounced after significant counter-urban migrations to the area began in the 1970s. As music emerged as a unique part of the cultural mix of the region, it became much more diverse, was entangled in local politics, and in the transitions and tensions that have surrounded successive waves of new migrants – both domestic and international – to the region. This article discusses music as a social practice within the region that has played a part in shaping and reflecting evolving regional identities; but at the same time, music constitutes a set of activities that unsettle notions of ‘boundedness’ or ‘stable’ associations between place identities and music. I begin with debates about the links between music, place and identity, and the extent to which such associations are performative – constituted in an embodied fashion in the process of describing and enacting certain cultural discourses. Two broad trends are outlined here as ‘storylines’: one focused on constructions of music as ‘authentic’ that are linked to place identities, the second emphasises mobility of musical languages, and network metaphors for the repetition of musical practices across locations. Interpretations of musical practices on the Far North Coast hold these storylines in tension; one focused on ‘fixing’ musical practices in place, the other emphasizing the fluidity of ‘the region’ in a wider musical geography.

Genetic and environmental effects on a temperament score in beef cattle

1984 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 723 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Hearnshaw ◽  
CA Morris
Keyword(s):  
Bos Taurus ◽  
New South ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Medium Level ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
The Difference

Temperament scores were taken on 8-month-old calves from five calf drops (1976-80) and over three sections of a large crossbreeding trial on the North Coast of New South Wales. A 0-5 scale was used, with lower values for quieter cattle. The heritability �s.e. of temperament score of Bos taurus calves (sired by Hereford, Simmental and Friesian bulls) was 0.03�0.28, and for B. indicus-sired calves (Brahman, Braford and Africander bulls) 0.46�0.37, and for all data combined 0.44�0.25. There was a significant difference (P < 0.01) between the mean score of Brahman-sired halfbred calves (1.96) and B. taurus-sired calves (1.05). The difference was halved to 0.45 points for quarterbred Brahman calves versus B. taurus calves, i.e. as expected for an additive trait. There were significant differences in temperament among calves sired by B. indicus bulls, but there were no significant differences amongst the B. taurus sire breeds. The repeatability (mean � s.e.) of operators' score of 701 weaner calves was 0.67�0.08. From temperament scores of 315 cows at weaning in 1981, an operator repeatability of 0.82�0.08 was obtained. Correlations of cow and calf score were not consistent, but averaged 0.18�0.04 from 547 records. The repeatability of scores taken at two separate times on 132 calves, was 0.43�0.09. The group given a medium level of nutrition had significantly higher temperament scores than those given high or low levels. Sex effects were not significant on scores at weaning. A log transformation of the data equalized the variance of scores of different breeds, but did not affect the conclusions.

scholarly journals Taking fright: the decline of Australian Pied Oystercatchers Haematopus longirostris at South Ballina Beach, New South Wales

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Totterman
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Red Fox ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
Breeding Population ◽  
North Coast ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Human Recreation

ABSTRACTThis study reviewed data from the Richmond River Area Pied Oystercatcher Protection Program 1997–2013 and Richmond River Area Shorebird Protection Program 2014–2018, on the far north coast of New South Wales, Australia. The Australian Pied Oystercatcher Haematopus longirostris breeding population size for South Ballina Beach has decreased from 15–16 pairs in 1994–1996 to 7–9 pairs in 2016–2018 even though control of the European Red Fox Vulpes vulpes has been successful in reducing predation of eggs and chicks and > 208 oystercatchers have fledged from beaches in the Richmond River area between 1997–2018. The population for Bombing Range Beach has increased from 4–5 pairs in 2002–2004 to 8–9 pairs in 2016–2018. Vehicle-based recreation has increased strongly at South Ballina during the past decade versus Bombing Range is closed to the public. It is concluded that human recreation disturbance is preventing recruitment into the South Ballina oystercatcher breeding population. Without strong protection of habitat from such disturbance, the NSW oystercatcher breeding population size will continue to decrease in the next two decades.

Nodulation of and nitrogen fixation by Lablab purpureus under field conditions

1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (73) ◽  
pp. 264 ◽  
Author(s):  
DF Herridge ◽  
RJ Roughley
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
New South ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Lablab Purpureus ◽  
Far North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Seedbed Preparation ◽  
Legume Growth

The nodulation and growth of Lablab purpureus was studied at three sites on the far north coast of New South Wales. These sites were chosen to provide low, medium and high competition by naturalised rhizobia for the seed-borne inocula. The effect of seedbed preparation was studied at the low competition site. Maximum yield occurred with clean cultivation although response to inoculation was best in a rough seedbed or when sod sown. Additional lime improved legume growth when it was dependent on symbiotic nitrogen but had no effect with a clean seedbed. Effective strains CB1091 and CB1406 established poorly at the high and low competition sites respectively. Strain CB1024 established well at all sites and with the three different methods of seedbed preparation.

The use of sod sown vetch (Vicia sativa) as a supplement by dairy cows on the far north coast of New South Wales

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (9) ◽  
pp. 153 ◽  
Author(s):  
JM Holder ◽  
FG Swain ◽  
RL Colmam
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
New South ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Late Winter ◽  
Vicia Sativa ◽  
Forage Legume ◽  
Far North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
The Difference ◽  
One Year

The value of the forage legume vetch (Vicia sativa L.) as a supplement to spring calving daily cows was determined over three years by comparing production of two matched herds, one of which received vetch during late winter and spring. The cows were graying year round on a summer growing, dominantly grass pasture. One group was wholly maintained on 24 acres of this pasture and the other on a similar 24 acres into part of which vetch was sod sown, with fertilizer, each autumn. Mean commercial butter production during the trial was 328 lb per cow per annum in the supplemented herd and 271 lb per COW in the control herd. During the period of vetch supplementation the difference in production between the herds was significant in two of three years, and in one year the significant increase was maintained through the whole lactation. The contribution of vetch in filing the periodic deficiencies of high quality feed, which can occur during the spring on the far north coast of N.S. W., is reviewed and the efficacy of the experimental technique discussed.

Effect of tillage on yield, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of soybean in far north-coastal New South Wales

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Hughes ◽  
DF Herridge
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
New South ◽  
New South Wales ◽  
North Coast ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Far North ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Shoot Mass

An experiment to examine the effect of tillage practice on yield, nodulation and nitrogen fixation of soybean in a podsolic soil on the far north coast of New South Wales is reported. Soybeans were sown into either a cultivated or no-tilled seedbed following pasture in 1983 and 1984, and following soybeans in 1984 and 1985. Results over the 3 seasons indicated substantially improved nodulation under no-tillage. The mean nodulation index (nodule mass as a percentage of shoot mass) was 4.5 for no-tillage soybean and 2.3 for the cultivated crops. Nitrogen fixation, assessed using the ureide technique, was higher in the no-tillage plots, especially during early plant growth, Plant growth and seed yield were increased by no-tillage in the wetter 1984 season; the reverse occurred in the other 2 less favourable years. Data on crop N, seed N, and fixed N (estimated by partitioning N accumulated by the crops during successive periods of growth, according to the relative ureide values) were combined to calculate N balances. Potential gains of soil N were greatest under the no-tilled soybeans (as much as 110 kg Nha; mean over all seasons was 80 kg Nha). The cultivated crops showed a maximum gain of 86 kg N/ha and an average gain of 30 kg N/ha. The data indicate that soybean has the potential to improve the N fertility of podsolic coastal soils, particularly when grown using no-tillage practices.

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