scholarly journals A Quantitative Proteome Map of the Human Body

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihua Jiang ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Shin Lin ◽  
Ruiqi Jian ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Detection ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Protein Signaling ◽  
Transcriptome Data ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Metabolism Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Processes ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Normal Human

AbstractDetermining protein levels in each tissue and how they compare with RNA levels is important for understanding human biology and disease as well as regulatory processes that control protein levels. We quantified the relative protein levels from 12,627 genes across 32 normal human tissue types prepared by the GTEx project. Known and new tissue specific or enriched proteins (5,499) were identified and compared to transcriptome data. Many ubiquitous transcripts are found to encode highly tissue specific proteins. Discordance in the sites of RNA expression and protein detection also revealed potential sites of synthesis and action of protein signaling molecules. Overall, these results provide an extraordinary resource, and demonstrate that understanding protein levels can provide insights into metabolism, regulation, secretome, and human diseases.SummaryQuantitative proteome study of 32 human tissues and integrated analysis with transcriptome data revealed that understanding protein levels could provide in-depth knowledge to post transcriptional or translational regulations, human metabolism, secretome, and diseases.

scholarly journals Expression of the genes for the ferritin H and L subunits in rat liver and heart. Evidence for tissue-specific regulations at pre- and post-translational levels

1991 ◽  
Vol 275 (3) ◽  
pp. 813-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Cairo ◽  
E Rappocciolo ◽  
L Tacchini ◽  
L Schiaffonati
Keyword(s):  
Translational Regulation ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Regulatory Mechanisms ◽  
Mrna Accumulation ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Ferritin Gene ◽  
Ferritin H ◽  
Translational Mechanisms ◽  
Different Tissues

The proportion of ferritin light-chain and heavy-chain subunits (L and H) present in the ferritin multimeric shell varies between different tissues. To identify the regulatory mechanisms responsible for the greater amount of L in liver than in heart isoferritins, we analysed ferritin-gene expression at the RNA and protein levels in these two tissues of the rat. In the heart the ratio between the amount of L and H, at the level both of synthesis and accumulation, is about 1 and is the same as the ratio between their respective mRNAs. In contrast, in the liver, the ratio between the L- and H-mRNAs is approx. 2 and cannot entirely explain the large predominance of L in isoferritins in this tissue. Since in the liver the L-mRNA is neither preferentially associated with polyribosomes nor translated more efficiently than its H- counterpart, it seems that the liver-specific isoferritin profile is determined by a combination of pre- and post-translational mechanisms, whereas in heart the post-translational regulation does not seem to be relevant and the tissue-specific pattern is determined at the level of mRNA accumulation.

Elastin and Fibrillin Mrna and Protein Levels in the Ontogeny of Normal Human Aorta

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Godfrey ◽  
P. A. Nejezchleb ◽  
G. B. Schaefer ◽  
D. J. Minion ◽  
Y. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Aorta ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Normal Human

Essential role of oligodendrocytes in the formation and maintenance of central nervous system nodal regions

Development ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 128 (23) ◽  
pp. 4881-4890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carole Mathis ◽  
Natalia Denisenko-Nehrbass ◽  
Jean-Antoine Girault ◽  
Emiliana Borrelli
Keyword(s):  
Na Channels ◽  
Myelinated Axons ◽  
K Channels ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Ankyrin G ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Jimpy Mice ◽  
The Brain

The membrane of myelinated axons is divided into functionally distinct domains characterized by the enrichment of specific proteins. The mechanisms responsible for this organization have not been fully identified. To further address the role of oligodendrocytes in the functional segmentation of the axolemma in vivo, the distribution of nodal (Na+ channels, ankyrin G), paranodal (paranodin/contactin-associated-protein) and juxtaparanodal (Kv1.1 K+ channels) axonal markers, was studied in the brain of MBP-TK and jimpy mice. In MBP-TK transgenic mice, oligodendrocyte ablation was selectively induced by FIAU treatment before and during the onset of myelination. In jimpy mice, oligodendrocytes degenerate spontaneously within the first postnatal weeks after the onset of myelination. Interestingly, in MBP-TK mice treated for 1-20 days with FIAU, despite the ablation of more than 95% of oligodendrocytes, the protein levels of all tested nodal markers was unaltered. Nevertheless, these proteins failed to cluster in the nodal regions. By contrast, in jimpy mice, despite a diffused localization of paranodin, the formation of nodal clusters of Na+ channels and ankyrin G was observed. Furthermore, K+ channels clusters were transiently visible, but were in direct contact with nodal markers. These results demonstrate that the organization of functional domains in myelinated axons is oligodendrocyte dependent. They also show that the presence of these cells is a requirement for the maintenance of nodal and paranodal regions.

Integrative Data Analysis for Biological Discovery

2011 ◽  
pp. 1058-1065
Author(s):  
Sai Moturu
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Biological System ◽  
Molecular Level ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
John Muir ◽  
Complex Biological System ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Lofty Goal ◽  
Complex Relationships

As John Muir noted, “When we try to pick out anything by itself, we find it hitched to everything else in the Universe” (Muir, 1911). In tune with Muir’s elegantly stated notion, research in molecular biology is progressing toward a systems level approach, with a goal of modeling biological systems at the molecular level. To achieve such a lofty goal, the analysis of multiple datasets is required to form a clearer picture of entire biological systems (Figure 1). Traditional molecular biology studies focus on a specific process in a complex biological system. The availability of high-throughput technologies allows us to sample tens of thousands of features of biological samples at the molecular level. Even so, these are limited to one particular view of a biological system governed by complex relationships and feedback mechanisms on a variety of levels. Integrated analysis of varied biological datasets from the genetic, translational, and protein levels promises more accurate and comprehensive results, which help discover concepts that cannot be found through separate, independent analyses. With this article, we attempt to provide a comprehensive review of the existing body of research in this domain.

scholarly journals Temporal and tissue-specific variability of SMN protein levels in mouse models of spinal muscular atrophy

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (16) ◽  
pp. 2851-2862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewout J N Groen ◽  
Elena Perenthaler ◽  
Natalie L Courtney ◽  
Crispin Y Jordan ◽  
Hannah K Shorrock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
Muscular Atrophy ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Smn Protein

scholarly journals Proteomic Analyses of Endarterectomized Tissues from Patients with Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension

Cardiology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qunying Xi ◽  
Zhihong Liu ◽  
Yunhu  Song ◽  
Huili Gan ◽  
Zhiwei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Signal Transduction ◽  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Defense Response ◽  
Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Signal Transduction Pathways ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Specific Proteins ◽  
Human Pulmonary Artery

Background: The pathogenesis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is largely unknown. Proteomics offers an approach to overview the molecular activities and signal transduction pathways involved in specific disease processes. Objectives: In this study, the expression of proteins in endarterectomized tissues from patients with CTEPH was investigated in a novel strategy to explore the pathophysiology of this disease. Methods: We used the iTRAQ (isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation) approach combined with a Thermo Scientific Q Exactive MS analysis to compare the protein profiles in endarterectomized tissues from CTEPH patients and that of the control samples (mixture of cultured human pulmonary artery endothelial cells, human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, and human pulmonary fibroblasts). GO and KEGG analyses were performed to understand the functional classification and molecular activities of all the tissue-specific proteins, and the involved signal transduction pathways. Results: Six hundred and seventy-nine tissue-specific proteins were detected. Bioinformatic analysis showed that the major biological processes involving these proteins were: response to wounding, defense response, acute inflammatory response, immune response, complement activation, and blood coagulation. The main pathways involved were: complement and coagulation cascade, systemic lupus erythematosus, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction, cell adhesion molecules, FcεRI signaling, and leukocyte transendothelial migration. Conclusions: The present study revealed that immune and defense response might play an important role in CTEPH.

scholarly journals Aberrant cell adhesion molecule expression in human bronchopulmonary sequestration and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (1) ◽  
pp. L143-L152 ◽  
Author(s):  
MaryAnn V. Volpe ◽  
Eunice Chung ◽  
Jason P. Ulm ◽  
Brian F. Gilchrist ◽  
Steven Ralston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Cell Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Human Lung ◽  
Congenital Cystic Adenomatoid Malformation ◽  
Adhesion Molecule Expression ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
Hox Protein ◽  
E Cadherin

In many organs, integrins and cadherins are partly regulated by Hox genes, but their interactions in airway morphogenesis and congenital lung diseases are unknown. We previously showed that the Hox protein HoxB5 is abnormally increased in bronchopulmonary sequestration (BPS) and congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (CCAM), congenital lung lesions with abnormal airway branching. We now report on α2-, α3-, and β1-integrin and E-cadherin expression in normal human lung and in BPS and CCAM tissue previously shown to have abnormal HoxB5 expression and on the relationship of cell adhesion molecule expression to Hoxb5 regulation. α2-, α3-, and β1-integrins and E-cadherin expression in normal human lung and BPS and CCAM were evaluated using Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Fetal mouse lung fibroblasts with Hoxb5-specific siRNA downregulation were evaluated for α2-integrin protein levels by Western blot. Compared with normal human lung, a previously undetected α2-integrin isoform potentially lacking essential cytoplasmic sequences was significantly increased in BPS and CCAM, and α2-integrin spatial and cellular expression was more intense. E-cadherin protein levels were also significantly increased, whereas α3 increased in CCAM compared with canalicular, but not with alveolar, stage lung. β1-integrin levels were unchanged. We conclude that in BPS and CCAM, altered α2-integrin cytoplasmic signaling contributes to abnormal cellular behavior in these lung lesions. Aberrant cell adhesion molecule and Hox protein regulation are likely part of the mechanism involved in the development of BPS and CCAM.

Evidence for differential-and tissue-specific expression of regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) in diabetic neuropahty

2003 ◽  
Vol 124 (4) ◽  
pp. A299-A300
Author(s):  
Yu Shangguan ◽  
Jong H. Yoo ◽  
Richard R. Neubig ◽  
John W. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
G Protein ◽  
G Protein Signaling ◽  
Protein Signaling ◽  
Specific Expression ◽  
Tissue Specific ◽  
Tissue Specific Expression

scholarly journals Molecular dysexpression in gastric cancer revealed by integrated analysis of transcriptome data

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 3177-3185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaomei Li ◽  
Weiwei Dong ◽  
Xueling Qu ◽  
Huixia Zhao ◽  
Shuo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Transcriptome Data
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