Exploring the relationship between polymorphisms of leptin and IGF-1 genes with milk yield in indicine and taurine crossbred cows

ABSTRACTLeptin and IGF-1 plays a significant role in milk production and lactation in bovines. The present investigation was carried out to identify the novel polymorphisms in exon 3 region of leptin gene and exon 3 + partial intron 3 of IGF-1 gene and to analyze their association with the milk production performance in indicine and taurine crossbred (Karan Fries) cows. Blood samples were collected from 160 apparently healthy Karan Fries cows. Four SNPs at positions rs29004508 (C>T), rs29004509 (C>T), rs29004510 (T>C), rs29004511 (T>C) in Leptin gene and two SNPs at positions rs133251968 (C>A), rs137289661(C>T) in IGF-1 gene were found in Karan Fries cows, however rs29004509 (C>T) had positive correlation (p<0.05) with milk yield. The genetic variants observed in exon 3 region of leptin gene and their association with milk yield traits revealed the importance of CT genotype, which had been useful for genetic improvement of Karan Fries cow for milk production traits and can also be utilized as a potential genetic marker to select appropriate animals.

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An association analysis between PRL genotype and milk production traits in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029917000693 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 84 (4) ◽

pp. 430-433 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Jun Li ◽

Aixin Liang ◽

Zipeng Li ◽

Chao Du ◽

Guohua Hua ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Fat Content ◽

Phenotypic Variance ◽

River Buffalo ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Exon 2 ◽

Mediterranean River

This Research Communication describes the association between genetic variation within the prolactin (PRL) gene and the milk production traits of Italian Mediterranean river buffalo (Bufala mediterranea Italiana). High resolution melting (HRM) techniques were developed for genotyping 465 buffaloes. The association of genetic polymorphism with milk production traits was performed and subsequently the effects of parity and calving season were evaluated. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified at exons 2 and 5 and at introns 1 and 2. All the SNPs were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and statistical analysis showed that the polymorphism of intron1 was significantly (P < 0·05) associated with milk yield, milk protein content and peak milk yield. The average contribution of the intron1 genotype (r2intron1) to total phenotypic variance in milk production traits was 0·09, and the TT genotype showed lower values than CC and CT genotypes. A nonsynonymous SNP was identified in exon 2, which resulted in an amino acid change from arginine to cysteine. Moreover, the polymorphism of exon 2 was associated significantly with milk fat content (P < 0·05), and the buffaloes with TT genotype showed higher total fat content than the buffaloes with CT genotype. These findings provide evidence that polymorphisms of the buffalo PRL gene are associated with milk production traits and PRL can be used as a candidate gene for marker-assisted selection in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo breeding.

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Sequence Variations in the Bovine Growth Hormone Gene Characterized by Single-Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) Analysis and Their Association with Milk Production Traits in Holsteins

Genetics ◽

10.1093/genetics/144.4.1809 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 144 (4) ◽

pp. 1809-1816 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jianbo Yao ◽

Samuel E Aggrey ◽

David Zadworny ◽

J Flan Hayes ◽

Urs Kühnlein

Keyword(s):

Growth Hormone ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism ◽

Sscp Analysis ◽

Bovine Growth Hormone ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Sequence Variations ◽

Conformation Polymorphism

Sequence variations in the bovine growth hormone (GH) gene were investigated by single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis of seven amplified fragments covering almost the entire gene (2.7 kb). SSCPs were detected in four of these fragments and a total of six polymorphisms were found in a sample of 128 Holstein bulls. Two polymorphisms, a T→C transition in the third intron (designated GH4.1) and an A→C transversion in the fifth exon (designated GH6.2), were shown to be associated with milk production traits. GH4.1c/GH4.1c bulls had higher milk yield than GH4.1c/GH4.1t (P ≤ 0.005) and GH4.1t/GH4.1t (P ≤ 0.0022) bulls. GH4.1c/GH4.1c bulls had higher kg fat (P ≤ 0.0076) and protein (P ≤ 0.0018) than GH4.1c/GH4.1t bulls. Similar effects on milk production traits with the GH6.2 polymorphism were observed with the GH6.2a allele being the favorable allele. The average effects of the gene substitution for GH4.1 and GH6.2 are similar, with ±300 kg for milk yield, ±8 kg for fat content and ±7 kg for protein content per lactation. The positive association of GH4.1c and GH6.2a with milk production traits may be useful for improving milk performance in dairy cattle.

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Investigation of myostatin and calpain 3 gene polymorphisms and their association with milk-production traits in Sfakia sheep

Animal Production Science ◽

10.1071/an18799 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 60 (3) ◽

pp. 347

Author(s):

Adel H. M. Ibrahim ◽

Nikolaos Tzanidakis ◽

Smaragda Sotiraki ◽

Huitong Zhou ◽

Jonathan Hickford

Keyword(s):

Nucleotide Sequence ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Fat Content ◽

Solid Content ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Banding Patterns ◽

Milk Solid

Context Genetic selection based on genetic markers for economically important traits in Sfakia sheep. Aims The aim of the present study was to investigate variation in the ovine myostatin gene (MSTN) and calpain 3 gene (CAPN3), and their association with milk-production traits. Methods Records for milk yield, milk fat content, protein content, lactose content, and non-fat solid content, pH and somatic-cell score (log), were obtained from 376 Sfakia ewes. Polymerase chain reaction–single-strand conformational polymorphism (PCR–SSCP) analyses were used to detect variation in intron 1 of MSTN and exon 10 of CAPN3. General linear models were then used to test for associations between the variation in MSTN and CAPN3, and milk-production traits. Key results The SSCP banding patterns for MSTN showed four variants (A1, A2, A3 and A4), which contained nine nucleotide sequence differences. Four SSCP banding patterns (C1, C2, C3 and C4) were observed for CAPN3 and these contained eight nucleotide-sequence differences. The MSTN variation was associated (P < 0.05) with variation in milk yield and non-fat milk solid content. Variation in CAPN3 was associated with milk yield (P < 0.001), fat content (P < 0.05) and lactose content (P < 0.05). Association analyses between the presence/absence of MSTN and CAPN3 variants and milk-production traits showed that a variant of MSTN that had previously between associated with muscle hypertrophy was associated with decreased milk yield (P < 0.05) and a lower non-fat milk solid content (P < 0.01). A CAPN3 variant that had previously been associated with increased sheep-carcass loin lean-meat yield was associated with a decreased milk yield (P < 0.01) and a decreased milk fat content (P < 0.05). Conclusions Our results have provided an insight into the effects of variation in ovine MSTN and CAPN3 on milk-production traits in sheep. Implications To preserve the dual-purpose characteristics of Sfakia sheep, breeding goals should take into account the possible antagonism between meat and milk traits.

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Using quantile regression for fitting lactation curve in dairy cows

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029919000013 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 86 (1) ◽

pp. 19-24

Author(s):

Hossein Naeemipour Younesi ◽

Mohammad Mahdi Shariati ◽

Saeed Zerehdaran ◽

Mehdi Jabbari Nooghabi ◽

Peter Løvendahl

Keyword(s):

Quantile Regression ◽

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Information Criterion ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Protein Percentage ◽

Breeding Center

AbstractThe main objective of this study was to compare the performance of different ‘nonlinear quantile regression’ models evaluated at theτth quantile (0·25, 0·50, and 0·75) of milk production traits and somatic cell score (SCS) in Iranian Holstein dairy cows. Data were collected by the Animal Breeding Center of Iran from 1991 to 2011, comprising 101 051 monthly milk production traits and SCS records of 13 977 cows in 183 herds. Incomplete gamma (Wood), exponential (Wilmink), Dijkstra and polynomial (Ali & Schaeffer) functions were implemented in the quantile regression. Residual mean square, Akaike information criterion and log-likelihood from different models and quantiles indicated that in the same quantile, the best models were Wilmink for milk yield, Dijkstra for fat percentage and Ali & Schaeffer for protein percentage. Over all models the best model fit occurred at quantile 0·50 for milk yield, fat and protein percentage, whereas, for SCS the 0·25th quantile was best. The best model to describe SCS was Dijkstra at quantiles 0·25 and 0·50, and Ali & Schaeffer at quantile 0·75. Wood function had the worst performance amongst all traits. Quantile regression is specifically appropriate for SCS which has a mixed multimodal distribution.

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Relationship between udder and teat conformation and milk yield performance in dairy cows pre- and post-milking

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/a06-074 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 285-289 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nilufer Sabuncuoglu ◽

Omer Coban

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cows ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Relative Reduction ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Simple Method ◽

Absolute Reduction ◽

Daily Milk Yield ◽

Daily Milk

The objectives of this study were to determine the relationship between udder floor area (UFA) and milk production traits in dairy cows, pre- and post-milking, as well as to examine the usefulness of a simple method of measuring UFA. The absolute reduction (AR, cm2) and relative reduction (RR, %) in UFA post-milking relative to pre-milking was calculated. Absolute reduction was influenced by breed and lactation stage, but not by parity of the cows (P < 0.05). There was no effect of breed and stage of lactation on the RR of UFA. Moderate correlations were observed between absolute reduction of UFA and daily milk yield (r2 = 0.422), lactation milk yield (r2 = 0.426), and absolute fat yield (r2 = 0.515) (P < 0.01 and P < 0.05). Moderate and weak correlations were found between RR of UFA and daily milk yield (r2 = 0.335) (P < 0.01), AR of the udder area and the 305-d lactation milk yield (r2 = 0.326) (P < 0.10). It was concluded that measuring UFA using the method described may be useful for the selection of dairy cattle mammary conformation traits. Key words: Dairy cow, udder and teat conformation, milk production traits, measurement technique

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Lactation curves of Sarda breed goats estimated with test day models

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029905001366 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 72 (4) ◽

pp. 470-475 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Nicolò PP Macciotta ◽

Pancrazio Fresi ◽

Graziano Usai ◽

Aldo Cappio-Borlino

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Linear Models ◽

Morphological Structure ◽

Production Traits ◽

Mixed Linear Models ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Milk Traits ◽

Lactation Stage ◽

Parity Number

Test day records of milk yield (38765), fat and protein contents (11357) of Sarda goats (the most numerous Italian goat breed) were analysed with mixed linear models in order to estimate the effects of test date (month and year of kidding for fat and protein contents) parity, number of kids born, altitude of location of flocks (<200 m asl, 200–500 m asl, >500 m asl), flocks within altitude and lactation stage (eight days-in-milk intervals of 30 d each) on milk production. All factors considered in the models affected milk traits significantly. Milk yield was lower in first parity goats than in higher parities whereas fat and protein contents showed an opposite trend. Goats with two kids at parturition had a higher milk yield than goats with one kid and tended to have lower fat and protein percentages. Repeatability between test days within lactation was 0·34, 0·17 and 0·45 for milk yield, fat content and protein content, respectively. Lactation curves of goats farmed at different altitudes were clearly separated, especially for milk yield. Results of the present study highlight differences in milk production traits among the three subpopulations that have been previously identified within the Sarda breed on the basis of the morphological structure of animals and altitude of location of flocks.

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Ten Genetic Loci Identified for Milk Yield, Fat, and Protein in Holstein Cattle

10.1101/2020.06.17.158386 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Liyuan Liu ◽

Jinghang Zhou ◽

Chunpeng James Chen ◽

Juan Zhang ◽

Wan Wen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Candidate Genes ◽

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Genetic Variants ◽

Holstein Cattle ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Breeding Values ◽

Genome Wide

AbstractHigh-yield and high-quality of milk are the primary goals of dairy production. Understanding the genetic architecture underlying these milk production traits is beneficial so that genetic variants can be targeted toward the genetic improvement. In this study, we measured five milk production traits in Holstein cattle population from China. These traits included milk yield, protein yield, fat yields; fat percentage and protein percentages. We used the estimated breeding values as dependent variables to conduct the genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Breeding values were estimated through pedigree relationships by using a mixed linear model for individuals with and without phenotypic data. Genotyping was carried out on the individuals with phenotypes by using the Illumina BovineSNP150 BeadChip. The association analyses were conducted by using the Fixed and random model Circulating Probability Unification (FarmCPU) method. A total of ten SNPs was detected above the genome-wide significant threshold, including six located in previously reported QTL regions. We found eight candidate genes within distances of 120 kb upstream or downstream to the associated SNPs. The most significant SNP is on DGAT1 gene affecting milk fat and protein percentage. These genetic variants and candidate genes would be valuable resources to enhance dairy cattle breeding.

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Associations between polymorphisms of SLC22A7, NGFR, ARNTL and PPP2R2B genes and Milk production traits in Chinese Holstein

BMC Genomic Data ◽

10.1186/s12863-021-01002-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ruike Jia ◽

Yihan Fu ◽

Lingna Xu ◽

Houcheng Li ◽

Yanhua Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dairy Cattle ◽

Milk Production ◽

Association Analysis ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Fat Percentage ◽

Protein Percentage ◽

Fat Yield ◽

Percentage Protein

Abstract Background Our preliminary work confirmed that, SLC22A7 (solute carrier family 22 member 7), NGFR (nerve growth factor receptor), ARNTL (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator like) and PPP2R2B (protein phosphatase 2 regulatory subunit Bβ) genes were differentially expressed in dairy cows during different stages of lactation, and involved in the lipid metabolism through insulin, PI3K-Akt, MAPK, AMPK, mTOR, and PPAR signaling pathways, so we considered these four genes as the candidates affecting milk production traits. In this study, we detected polymorphisms of the four genes and verified their genetic effects on milk yield and composition traits in a Chinese Holstein cow population. Results By resequencing the whole coding region and part of the flanking region of SLC22A7, NGFR, ARNTL and PPP2R2B, we totally found 20 SNPs, of which five were located in SLC22A7, eight in NGFR, three in ARNTL, and four in PPP2R2B. Using Haploview4.2, we found three haplotype blocks including five SNPs in SLC22A7, eight in NGFR and three in ARNTL. Single-SNP association analysis showed that 19 out of 20 SNPs were significantly associated with at least one of milk yield, fat yield, fat percentage, protein yield or protein percentage in the first and second lactations (P < 0.05). Haplotype-based association analysis showed that the three haplotypes were significantly associated with at least one of milk yield, fat yield, fat percentage, protein yield or protein percentage (P < 0.05). Further, we used SOPMA software to predict a SNP, 19:g.37095131C > T in NGFR, changed the structure of NGFR protein. In addition, we used Jaspar software to found that four SNPs, 19:g.37113872C > G,19:g.37113157C > T, and 19:g.37112276C > T in NGFR and 15:g.39320936A > G in ARNTL, could change the transcription factor binding sites and might affect the expression of the corresponding genes. These five SNPs might be the potential functional mutations for milk production traits in dairy cattle. Conclusions In summary, we proved that SLC22A7, NGFR, ARNTL and PPP2R2B have significant genetic effects on milk production traits. The valuable SNPs can be used as candidate genetic markers for genomic selection of dairy cattle, and the effects of these SNPs on other traits need to be further verified.

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Genomic Loci Affecting Milk Production in German Black Pied Cattle (DSN)

Frontiers in Genetics ◽

10.3389/fgene.2021.640039 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Paula Korkuć ◽

Danny Arends ◽

Katharina May ◽

Sven König ◽

Gudrun A. Brockmann

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Lactation Period ◽

Production Traits ◽

Linear Regression Models ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Milk Traits ◽

Dual Purpose ◽

A Genome ◽

Reproduction Traits

German Black Pied cattle (DSN) is an endangered population of about 2,550 dual-purpose cattle in Germany. Having a milk yield of about 2,500 kg less than the predominant dairy breed Holstein, the preservation of DSN is supported by the German government and the EU. The identification of the genomic loci affecting milk production in DSN can provide a basis for selection decisions for genetic improvement of DSN in order to increase market chances through the improvement of milk yield. A genome-wide association analysis of 30 milk traits was conducted in different lactation periods and numbers. Association using multiple linear regression models in R was performed on 1,490 DSN cattle genotyped with BovineSNP50 SNP-chip. 41 significant and 20 suggestive SNPs affecting milk production traits in DSN were identified, as well as 15 additional SNPs for protein content which are less reliable due to high inflation. The most significant effects on milk yield in DSN were detected on chromosomes 1, 6, and 20. The region on chromosome 6 was located nearby the casein gene cluster and the corresponding haplotype overlapped the CSN3 gene (casein kappa). Associations for fat and protein yield and content were also detected. High correlation between traits of the same lactation period or number led to some SNPs being significant for multiple investigated traits. Half of all identified SNPs have been reported in other studies, previously. 15 SNPs were associated with the same traits in other breeds. The other associated SNPs have been reported previously for traits such as exterior, health, meat and carcass, production, and reproduction traits. No association could be detected between DGAT1 and other known milk genes with milk production traits despite the close relationship between DSN and Holstein. The results of this study confirmed that many SNPs identified in other breeds as associated with milk traits also affect milk traits in dual-purpose DSN cattle and can be used for further genetic analysis to identify genes and causal variants that affect milk production in DSN cattle.

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The effect of physiological state, milk production traits and environmental conditions on milk fat globule size in cow's milk

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029919000748 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 86 (4) ◽

pp. 454-460 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Leonie Walter ◽

Sue Finch ◽

Brendan Cullen ◽

Richard Fry ◽

Amy Logan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Production ◽

Milk Yield ◽

Environmental Conditions ◽

Milk Fat ◽

Physiological State ◽

Production Traits ◽

Milk Production Traits ◽

Milk Fat Globule ◽

Fat Globule ◽

On Farm

AbstractThis research was carried out to quantify the effects of a range of variables on milk fat globule (MFG) size for a herd of Holstein-Friesian cows managed through an automatic milking system with year-round calving. We hypothesised that the overall variation in average MFG size observed between individual animals of the same herd cannot sufficiently be explained by the magnitude of the effects of variables that could be manipulated on-farm. Hence, we aimed to conduct an extensive analysis of possible determinants of MFG size, including physiological characteristics (parity, days in milk, days pregnant, weight, age, rumination minutes, somatic cell count) and milk production traits (number of milkings, milk yield, fat yield, protein and fat content, fat-protein ratio) on the individual animal level; and environmental conditions (diet, weather, season) for the whole herd. Our results show that when analysed in isolation, many of the studied variables have a detectable effect on MFG size. However, analysis of their additive effects identified days in milk, parity and milk yield as the most important variables. In accordance with our hypothesis, the estimated effects of these variables, calculated using a multiple variable linear mixed model, do not sufficiently explain the overall variation between cows, ranging from 2.70 to 5.69 µm in average MFG size. We further show that environmental variables, such as sampling day (across seasons) or the proportion of pasture and silage in the diet, have limited effects on MFG size and that physiological differences outweigh the effects of milk production traits and environmental conditions. This presents further evidence that the selection of individual animals is more important than the adjustment of on-farm variables to control MFG size.

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