scholarly journals Aversion of the invasive Asian longhorned tick to the white-footed mouse, the dominant reservoir of tick-borne pathogens in the United States

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isobel Ronai ◽  
Danielle M. Tufts ◽  
Maria A. Diuk-Wasser
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Mammalian Host ◽  
Haemaphysalis Longicornis ◽  
Short Period ◽  
First Time ◽  
White Footed Mouse ◽  
Laboratory Assay

AbstractThe Asian longhorned tick (Haemaphysalis longicornis) was reported for the first time in the United States of America in 2017 and has now spread across 12 states. The potential of this invasive tick vector to transmit pathogens will be determined through its association to native hosts, such as the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) which is the primary reservoir for the causative agent of Lyme disease (Borrelia burgdorferi) and other zoonotic pathogens. We placed larval H. longicornis on P. leucopus, 65% of the larvae (n = 40) moved off the host within a short period of time and none engorged. In contrast, larval black-legged ticks (Ixodes scapularis) did not move from where they were placed in the ear of the mouse. We then conducted a laboratory behavioural assay to assess the interaction of H. longicornis with the hair of potential mammalian host species in the United States of America. H. longicornis larvae were less likely to enter the hair zone of P. leucopus and humans compared to the hair of domestic cats, domestic dogs, and white-tailed deer. Our study identifies a tick-host hair interaction behaviour, which can be quantified in a laboratory assay to predict tick-host associations and provides insights into how ticks select a host.

scholarly journals First Report of Wisteria vein mosaic virus in Wisteria sinensis in the United States of America

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rayapati A. Naidu ◽  
Gandhi Karthikeyan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Home Gardens ◽  
First Report ◽  
Woody Perennial ◽  
Wisteria Sinensis ◽  
First Time ◽  
Wisteria Vein Mosaic Virus

The ornamental Chinese wisteria (Wisteria sinensis) is a woody perennial grown for its flowering habit in home gardens and landscape settings. In this brief, the occurrence of Wisteria vein mosaic virus (WVMV) was reported for the first time in Chinese wisteria in the United States of America. Accepted for publication 18 June 2008. Published 18 August 2008.

scholarly journals COMPLEXITY AND INFORMATION-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE VARIATIONS OF THE SARS-COV-2 GENOME IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA (USA)

Fractals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (07) ◽  
pp. 2150023
Author(s):  
HAMIDREZA NAMAZI ◽  
ONDREJ KREJCAR ◽  
ABDULHAMIT SUBASI
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Genomic Structure ◽  
The United States ◽  
Infected People ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Random Fluctuations ◽  
First Time

SARS-CoV-2 is a deadly virus that has affected human life since late 2019. Between all the countries that have reported the cases of patients with SARS-CoV-2 disease (COVID-19), the United States of America has the highest number of infected people and mortality rate. Since different states in the USA reported different numbers of patients and also death cases, analyzing the difference of SARS-CoV-2 between these states has great importance. Since the generated RNA walk from the SARS-CoV-2 genome includes complex random fluctuations that also contain information, in this study, we employ the complexity and information theories to investigate the variations of SARS-CoV-2 genome between different states in the USA for the first time. The results of our analysis showed that the fractal dimension and Shannon entropy of genome walk significantly change between different states. Based on these results, we can conclude that the SARS-CoV-2 genomic structure significantly changes between different states, which is resulted from the virus evolution. Therefore, developing a vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 is very challenging since it should be able to fight various structures of the virus in different states.

scholarly journals The Cinema of Manie van Rensburg (Part 1)

1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin P. Botha
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Africa ◽  
New York ◽  
South African ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Film Festival ◽  
African Film ◽  
First Time

INTRODUCTIONThe name, Manie van Rensburg, is virtually unknown in Europe and the United States of America. Recently, some of his work was screened at a South African film festival in Amsterdam at the Kriterion cinema and I had the honour to present a lecture there on 7 October 1995 regarding Van Rensburg and his presence in the cinema. His film work was also highlighted in a small retrospective during October 1996 at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. IT WAS NOT THE FIRST TIME a Van Rensburg film was screened outside the borders of South Africa. During the 1980s Van Rensburg received an International Film Festival of New York award for his historical TV drama series, Heroes, and a Merit Award from the London Film Festival was given to him for his filmed play, The Native who Caused all the Trouble. His mammoth production, The Fourth...

scholarly journals COVID-19: Ophthalmological Aspects of the SARS-CoV 2 Global Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 237 (05) ◽  
pp. 675-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Siedlecki ◽  
Victor Brantl ◽  
Benedikt Schworm ◽  
Wolfgang Johann Mayer ◽  
Maximilian Gerhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
American Academy ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
The United States ◽  
Systematic Analysis ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Practical Recommendations

Abstract Purpose To perform a systematic analysis of articles on the ophthalmological implications of the global COVID-19 pandemic. Methods PubMed.gov was searched for relevant articles using the keywords “COVID-19”, “coronavirus”, and “SARS-CoV-2” in conjunction with “ophthalmology” and “eye”. Moreover, official recommendations of ophthalmological societies were systematically reviewed, with a focus on the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) and the Royal College of Ophthalmologists (RCOphth). Results As of April 16, 2020, in total, 21 peer-reviewed articles on the ophthalmological aspects of COVID-19 were identified. Of these, 12 (57.1%) were from Asia, 6 (28.6%) from the United States of America, and 3 (14.3%) from Europe. There were 5 (23.8%) original studies, 10 (47.6%) letters, 3 (14.2%) case reports, and 3 (14.2%) reviews. These articles could be classified into the topics “Modes and prevention of (ocular) transmission”, “Ophthalmological manifestations of COVID-19”, “Clinical guidance concerning ophthalmological practice during the COVID-19 pandemic”, and “Practical recommendations for clinical infrastructure”. Practical recommendations could be extracted from official statements of the AAO and the RCOphth. Conclusion Within a short period, a growing body of articles has started to elucidate the ophthalmological implications of COVID-19. As the eye can represent a route of infection (actively via tears and passively via the nasoacrimal duct), ophthalmological care has to undergo substantial modifications during this pandemic. In the eye, COVID-19 can manifest as keratoconjunctivitis.

scholarly journals On Reliability of the COVID-19 Forecasts

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemanta Kumar Baruah
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Approximate Formula ◽  
The United States ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Exponential Character ◽  
Spread Pattern ◽  
Expository Article

AbstractIn this expository article, we are aiming to show with an example that even short term forecasts regarding the COVID-19 spread pattern may sometimes not be very reliable. We have studied data published by Worldometers.info to get numerically an approximate formula of the spread pattern for a short period. We have observed that in the United States of America, there was a nearly exponential spread pattern for a very short period from May 3 to May 8, 2020. From May 9 to May 13, the nearly exponential character of the spread was found to be absent. Hence it can be concluded that the COVID-19 spread pattern, even after more than four months from the start of the outbreak, is not quite predictable. Therefore even short term forecasts regarding the spread may not be very reliable. We have found that forecasts using the assumption of an exponential pattern of spread may actually lead to overestimation.

Dislocazioni del lavoro. Mobilitŕ e flessibilitŕ nel nuovo mercato globale della conoscenza

2009 ◽  
pp. 167-180
Author(s):  
Aihwa Ong
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Emerging Powers ◽  
First Time ◽  
India And China

- The outsourcing of work is today, for the American middle class, cause of a real obsession. The middle-class, for the first time, fears, from a point of view of working, of being left to drift. The author of this essay tells the complex, and far from obvious, dynamics of purchase of labor between the United States of America and the great new emerging powers (India and China, first of all) in the knowledge economy.

Emergence of Ixodes scapularis (Acari: Ixodidae) in a Small Mammal Population in a Coastal Oak-Pine Forest, Maine, USA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan P Elias ◽  
Jack W Witham ◽  
Elizabeth F Schneider ◽  
Peter W Rand ◽  
Malcolm L Hunter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Small Mammal ◽  
Ixodes Scapularis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dermacentor Variabilis ◽  
Mouse Population ◽  
Small Mammal Population ◽  
Prevalence Proportion ◽  
Dog Tick ◽  
White Footed Mouse

Abstract In the United States, surveillance has been key to tracking spatiotemporal emergence of blacklegged ticks [Ixodes scapularis Say (Ixodida:Ixodidae)] and their pathogens such as Borrelia burgdorferi Johnson, Schmid, Hyde, Steigerwalt & Brenner (Spirochaetales: Spirochaetaceae), the agent of Lyme disease. On the Holt Research Forest in midcoastal Maine, collection of feeding ticks from live-trapped small mammal hosts allowed us to track the emergence and establishment of I. scapularis, 1989–2019. From 1989–1995, we collected only I. angustus Neumann (Ixodida: Ixodidae)(vole tick), Dermacentor variabilis Say (Ixodida: Ixodidae) (American dog tick), and I. marxi Banks (Ixodida: Ixodidae) (squirrel tick) from seven species of small mammals. The most abundant tick host was the white-footed mouse [Peromyscus leucopus Rafinesque (Rodentia:Cricetidae)] followed by the red-backed vole (Myodes gapperi Vigors (Rodentia: Cricetidae)). Emergence of I. scapularis was signaled via the appearance of subadult I. scapularis in 1996. Emergence of B. burgdorferi was signaled through its appearance in I. scapularis feeding on mice in 2005. There was a substantial increase in I. scapularis prevalence (proportion of hosts parasitized) and burdens (ticks/host) on white-footed mice and red-backed voles in 2007. The ~11-yr time-to-establishment for I. scapularis was consistent with that seen in other studies. White-footed mice comprised 65.9% of all captures and hosted 94.1% of the total I. scapularis burden. The white-footed mouse population fluctuated interannually, but did not trend up as did I. scapularis prevalence and burdens. There were concurrent declines in I. angustus and D. variabilis. We discuss these results in the broader context of regional I. scapularis range expansion.

Introduction

Crackup ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Samuel L. Popkin
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Campaign Finance ◽  
Collective Responsibility ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
White House ◽  
Citizens United ◽  
First Time

In 2016, a businessman so discredited that he could no longer get a casino license or borrow money from an American bank was elected president of the United States of America. How did this happen? It is easy to mock and ridicule Donald Trump as if he is the problem. In fact, he is a symptom of a much larger issue that has been bedeviling the GOP for nearly two decades: an intraparty crackup of massive proportions. “Crackup” here refers to a breakdown of the fragile alliances between coalitions within a party that prevents its leaders from developing goals they can deliver on when they control the White House and majorities in the House and Senate. This introductory chapter explains why party crackups are inevitable in a federal system with national money and local primaries. But this is the first time—for either party—that no group within the party could create a synthesis of old orthodoxies and new realities that altered the party’s direction enough to build a new consensus. The straw that broke the elephant’s back is the unintended—yet predictable—consequence of changes in campaign finance (popularly known as the McCain-Feingold bill) and the Supreme Court’s Citizens United ruling. These changes limited the party of legislative leaders to reach intraparty consensus and bargain with the other party. The combination has stripped the parties of most of their power to enforce any collective responsibility on their legislative colleagues, or upon a president from their own party.

The Grand Connection

2021 ◽  
pp. 238-252
Author(s):  
Catherine Ward ◽  
Clint-Michael Reneau
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Female ◽  
Leadership Characteristics ◽  
Sense Of Purpose ◽  
First Time

This chapter outlines first-time leadership characteristics demonstrated by Mae Jemison, the first Black female astronaut in the United States of America, to highlight the qualities and characteristics needed to be a successful first-time leader. These characteristics are qualities leaders can identify within themselves, develop, and implement in their daily practice. This book chapter explores 1) the ability to identify and define a personal vision, 2) having a sense of purpose, 3) vulnerability and the willingness to take risks, 4) courage, and 5) ultimately, how leadership is about seeing and valuing the gifts and talents of others and the ability to truly connect with others to fulfill a greater purpose.

scholarly journals Pakistan-United States Relations in Trump Era and FATF

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
Saadat Hassan ◽  
Shahid Hussain Bukhari
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
South Asian ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Task Force ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Pile Up ◽  
Financial Action Task ◽  
First Time ◽  
The U.S

The Financial Action Task Force (FATF) has become a modern diplomatic instrument for the United States of America to use it the way it wants for. As the U.S. led Afghan peace process embraced the victory, Washington, Afghan Taliban and Kabul government have agreed upon limited ceasefire and withdrawal of troops from Afghanistan soil. Pakistani authorities are equally ready to cease the movement, amid the challenges posed by the FATF, by facilitating U.S.-Taliban peace deal in Qatar on Feb 29, 2020, the biggest development happened ever in South Asian region. It happened for the first time of grinding warfare since the U.S. invasion in 2001 which is considered to be a vital step to end the insurgency altogether in the region. Pentagon finally accepted Islamabad’s stance that there is no military solution to the Afghan imbroglio. Pakistani authorities, through Afghan authorities, are said to be taking over Pakistani Taliban purportedly operating from Afghanistan.  After playing a key role in brokering the said peace deal, the challenge of FATF as a diplomatic tool to pile up pressure on Islamabad to mold its role in favour of the US and the Taliban talks.

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