scholarly journals Comparative Genomic Analysis of the Interferon/Interleukin-10 Receptor Gene Cluster

1999 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 242-250
Author(s):  
Jérôme Reboul ◽  
Katheleen Gardiner ◽  
Danièle Monneron ◽  
Gilles Uzé ◽  
Georges Lutfalla
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Interleukin 10 ◽  
Comparative Genomic Analysis ◽  
Chromosome 21 ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Link Type

Interferons and interleukin-10 are involved in key aspects of the host defence mechanisms. Human chromosome 21 harbors the interferon/interleukin-10 receptor gene cluster linked to theGART gene. This cluster includes both components of the interferon α/β-receptor (IFNAR1 and IFNAR2) and the second components of the interferon γ-receptor (IFNGR2) and of the IL-10 receptor (IL10R2). We report here the complete gene content of this GART–cytokine receptor gene cluster and the use of comparative genomic analysis to identify chicken IFNAR1, IFNAR2, andIL10R2. We show that the large-scale structure of this locus is conserved in human and chicken but not in the pufferfish Fugu rubripes. This establishes that the receptor components of these host defense mechanisms were fixed in an ancestor of the amniotes. The extraordinary diversification of the interferon ligand family during the evolution of birds and mammals has therefore occured in the context of a fixed receptor structure.[The sequence data described in this paper have been submitted to GenBank under accession nos.AF039904, AF039905, AF039906, AF039907, AF045606, AF082664, AF082665,AF082666, AF082667, and AF083221.]

scholarly journals Comparative genomic analysis of Methanimicrococcus blatticola provides insights into host adaptation in archaea and the evolution of methanogenesis

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Courtney M. Thomas ◽  
Najwa Taib ◽  
Simonetta Gribaldo ◽  
Guillaume Borrel
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Host Adaptation ◽  
Comparative Genomic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Methyl Branch ◽  
Mechanisms Of Adaptation ◽  
Hydrogenotrophic Methanogens ◽  
Almost All

AbstractOther than the Methanobacteriales and Methanomassiliicoccales, the characteristics of archaea that inhabit the animal microbiome are largely unknown. Methanimicrococcus blatticola, a member of the Methanosarcinales, currently reunites two unique features within this order: it is a colonizer of the animal digestive tract and can only reduce methyl compounds with H2 for methanogenesis, a increasingly recognized metabolism in the archaea and whose origin remains debated. To understand the origin of these characteristics, we have carried out a large-scale comparative genomic analysis. We infer the loss of more than a thousand genes in M. blatticola, by far the largest genome reduction across all Methanosarcinales. These include numerous elements for sensing the environment and adapting to more stable gut conditions, as well as a significant remodeling of the cell surface components likely involved in host and gut microbiota interactions. Several of these modifications parallel those previously observed in phylogenetically distant archaea and bacteria from the animal microbiome, suggesting large-scale convergent mechanisms of adaptation to the gut. Strikingly, M. blatticola has lost almost all genes coding for the H4MPT methyl branch of the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway (to the exception of mer), a phenomenon never reported before in any member of Class I or Class II methanogens. The loss of this pathway illustrates one of the evolutionary processes that may have led to the emergence of methyl-reducing hydrogenotrophic methanogens, possibly linked to the colonization of organic-rich environments (including the animal gut) where both methyl compounds and hydrogen are abundant.

Comparative genomic analysis of dwarf Vibrio myoviruses defines a conserved gene cluster for successful phage infection

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Skliros ◽  
Efthymios Karpouzis ◽  
Chrysanthi Kalloniati ◽  
Pantelis Katharios ◽  
Emmanouil Flemetakis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Genomic Analysis ◽  
Phage Infection ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Conserved Gene

scholarly journals Comparative Genomic Analysis ofLactococcus garvieaeStrains Isolated from Different Sources Reveals Candidate Virulence Genes

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eiji Miyauchi ◽  
Hidehiro Toh ◽  
Akiyo Nakano ◽  
Soichi Tanabe ◽  
Hidetoshi Morita
Keyword(s):  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Host Specificity ◽  
Virulence Genes ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Genomic Analysis ◽  
Pathogenic Strain ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Lactococcus Garvieae ◽  
Different Sources

Lactococcus garvieaeis a major pathogen for fish. Two complete (ATCC 49156 and Lg2) and three draft (UNIUD074, 8831, and 21881) genome sequences ofL. garvieaehave recently been released. We here present the results of a comparative genomic analysis of these fish and human isolates ofL. garvieae. The pangenome comprised 1,542 core and 1,378 dispensable genes. The sequencedL. garvieaestrains shared most of the possible virulence genes, but the capsule gene cluster was found only in fish-pathogenic strain Lg2. The absence of the capsule gene cluster in other nonpathogenic strains isolated from mastitis and vegetable was also confirmed by PCR. The fish and human isolates ofL. garvieaecontained the specific two and four adhesin genes, respectively, indicating that these adhesion proteins may be involved in the host specificity differences ofL. garvieae. The discoveries revealed by the pangenomic analysis may provide significant insights into the biology ofL. garvieae.

scholarly journals Comparative genomic analysis of obligately piezophilic Moritella yayanosii DB21MT-5 reveals bacterial adaptation to the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei-Jia Zhang ◽  
Chan Zhang ◽  
Siyu Zhou ◽  
Xue-Gong Li ◽  
Sophie Mangenot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Ion ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Genomic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Mariana Trench ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microbial Adaptation ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Challenger Deep

Hadal trenches are the deepest but underexplored ecosystems on the Earth. Inhabiting the trench bottom is a group of micro-organisms termed obligate piezophiles that grow exclusively under high hydrostatic pressures (HHP). To reveal the genetic and physiological characteristics of their peculiar lifestyles and microbial adaptation to extreme high pressures, we sequenced the complete genome of the obligately piezophilic bacterium Moritella yayanosii DB21MT-5 isolated from the deepest oceanic sediment at the Challenger Deep, Mariana Trench. Through comparative analysis against pressure sensitive and deep-sea piezophilic Moritella strains, we identified over a hundred genes that present exclusively in hadal strain DB21MT-5. The hadal strain encodes fewer signal transduction proteins and secreted polysaccharases, but has more abundant metal ion transporters and the potential to utilize plant-derived saccharides. Instead of producing osmolyte betaine from choline as other Moritella strains, strain DB21MT-5 ferments on choline within a dedicated bacterial microcompartment organelle. Furthermore, the defence systems possessed by DB21MT-5 are distinct from other Moritella strains but resemble those in obligate piezophiles obtained from the same geographical setting. Collectively, the intensive comparative genomic analysis of an obligately piezophilic strain Moritella yayanosii DB21MT-5 demonstrates a depth-dependent distribution of energy metabolic pathways, compartmentalization of important metabolism and use of distinct defence systems, which likely contribute to microbial adaptation to the bottom of hadal trench.

scholarly journals Immunomodulatory potential of four candidate probiotic Lactobacillus strains from plant and animal origin using comparative genomic analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Benedic U. Salvador ◽  
Leslie Michelle M. Dalmacio ◽  
Sang Hoon Kim ◽  
Dae-Kyung Kang ◽  
Marilen P. Balolong
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Genomic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Genome Alignment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
Gene Mining ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Immunomodulatory Potential

Probiotic strains from different origins have shown promise in recent decades for their health benefits, for example in promoting and regulating the immune system. The immunomodulatory potential of four Lactobacillus strains from animal and plant origins was evaluated in this paper based on their genomic information. Comparative genomic analysis was performed through genome alignment, average nucleotide identity (ANI) analysis and gene mining for putative immunomodulatory genes. The genomes of the four Lactobacillus strains show relative similarities in multiple regions, as observed in the genome alignment. However, ANI analysis showed that L. mucosae LM1 and L. fermentum SK152 are the most similar when considering their nucleotide sequences alone. Gene mining of putative immunomodulatory genes studied from L. plantarum WCFS1 yielded multiple results in the four potential probiotic strains, with L. plantarum SK151 showing the largest number of genes at around 74 hits, followed by L. johnsonii PF01 at 41 genes when adjusted for matches with at least 30 % identity. Looking at the immunomodulatory genes in each strain, L. plantarum SK151 and L. johnsonii PF01 may have wider activity, covering both immune activation and immune suppression, as compared to L. mucosae LM1 and L. fermentum SK152, which could be more effective in activating immune cells and the pro-inflammatory cascade rather than suppressing it. The similarities and differences between the four Lactobacillus species showed that there is no definitive trend based on the origin of isolation alone. Moreover, higher percentage identities between genomes do not directly correlate with higher similarities in potential activity, such as in immunomodulation. The immunomodulatory function of each of the four Lactobacillus strains should be observed and verified experimentally in the future, since some the activity of some genes may be strain-specific, which would not be identified through comparative genomics alone.

scholarly journals Comparative genomic analysis of Escherichia coli isolates from cases of bovine clinical mastitis identifies nine specific pathotype marker genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongyun Jung ◽  
Soyoun Park ◽  
Janina Ruffini ◽  
Forest Dussault ◽  
Simon Dufour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Clinical Mastitis ◽  
Comparative Genomic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Link Type

Escherichia coli is a major causative agent of environmental bovine mastitis and this disease causes significant economic losses for the dairy industry. There is still debate in the literature as to whether mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) is indeed a unique E. coli pathotype, or whether this infection is merely an opportunistic infection caused by any E. coli isolate being displaced from the bovine gastrointestinal tract to the environment and, then, into the udder. In this study, we conducted a thorough genomic analysis of 113 novel MPEC isolates from clinical mastitis cases and 100 bovine commensal E. coli isolates. A phylogenomic analysis indicated that MPEC and commensal E. coli isolates formed clades based on common sequence types and O antigens, but did not cluster based on mammary pathogenicity. A comparative genomic analysis of MPEC and commensal isolates led to the identification of nine genes that were part of either the core or the soft-core MPEC genome, but were not found in any bovine commensal isolates. These apparent MPEC marker genes were genes involved with nutrient intake and metabolism [adeQ, adenine permease; nifJ, pyruvate-flavodoxin oxidoreductase; and yhjX, putative major facilitator superfamily (MFS)-type transporter], included fitness and virulence factors commonly seen in uropathogenic E. coli (pqqL, zinc metallopeptidase, and fdeC, intimin-like adhesin, respectively), and putative proteins [yfiE, uncharacterized helix-turn-helix-type transcriptional activator; ygjI, putative inner membrane transporter; and ygjJ, putative periplasmic protein]. Further characterization of these highly conserved MPEC genes may be critical to understanding the pathobiology of MPEC.

scholarly journals A large scale comparative genomic analysis reveals insertion sites for newly acquired genomic islands in bacterial genomes

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pengcheng Du ◽  
Yinxue Yang ◽  
Haiying Wang ◽  
Di Liu ◽  
George F Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Genomic Analysis ◽  
Comparative Genomic Analysis ◽  
Genomic Islands ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Bacterial Genomes ◽  
Insertion Sites
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