scholarly journals Role of(α,n)reactions underr-process conditions in neutrino-driven winds reexamined

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Mohr
Keyword(s):  
Process Conditions

scholarly journals Role of Fiber Morphology in Thermal Bonding

2002 ◽  
Vol os-11 (3) ◽  
pp. 1558925002OS-01
Author(s):  
Subhash Chand ◽  
Gajanan S. Bhat ◽  
Joseph E. Spruiell ◽  
Sanjiv Malkan
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Orientation ◽  
Bonding Temperature ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Optimum Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Staple Fiber ◽  
Fiber Morphology ◽  
Thermal Bonding ◽  
Wide Range

The role of fiber morphology in a thermal point bonding operation was investigated. Primary objectives were to understand the changes taking place in fiber structure due to applied heat and pressure, and the role of fiber morphology in determining optimum process conditions and properties of the webs. To study fibers with varying morphology, i.e., from partially drawn as in spunbonding to fully drawn as in staple fiber nonwovens, fibers with a wide range of crystallinity and orientation were spun and characterized, from two polypropylene resins. Thermally bonded carded webs were produced, using these fibers, and characterized in order to understand thermal bonding behavior of fibers with different morphology. The fibers with different morphology differed significantly in their bonding behavior. The fibers with higher molecular orientation and crystallinity tended to form a weak and brittle bond due to lack of polymer flow and fibrillation of the fibers in the bonded regions. In general, fibers with lower molecular orientation and lower crystallinity yielded stronger and tougher webs. Fibers with relatively less developed morphology also exhibited lower optimum bonding temperature. Morphological changes in fibers were observed during the thermal bonding process, in bonded as well as unbonded regions of the web. As a final step to see how the observations from staple-fiber study translate to one of the relevant processes during scale-up, spunbond studies were also conducted in a similar way.

Bioenergy II: Bio-Ethanol from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW): The Role of Biomass Properties and Structures During the Ethanol Conversion Process

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aiduan Li ◽  
Majeda Khraisheh
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Solid Waste ◽  
Solid Waste ◽  
Organic Waste ◽  
Conversion Process ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Substrate Composition ◽  
Substrate Properties ◽  
Promising Source

The emerging biofuel industry demands large amount of biomass feedstock. Although commercial ethanol has been produced from primary biomass sources such as corns, the global food crisis caused by the use of primary biomass has been raised. Thus, lignocellulosic biomass, known as second generation of biomass, has become a promising source for ethanol production. However, the more complex structure requires more advance technology. MSW with more than 60% of biodegradable composition, as one of the promising biomass sources has the potential benefits of replacing primary biomass and preventing environment from MSW pollution.In this paper, three major biodegradable municipal solid waste (BMSW) components: kitchen organic waste (KOW), green organic waste (GOW) and paper and card waste (PCW), are classified and characterised according to substrate composition, cellulose crystallinity, bulk density and particle size. The substrate composition indicates how much cellulose, lignin, hermicellulose each model waste has. The cellulose content shows the potential glucose/ethanol product yield. Other chemical composition such as lignin and hemicellulose indicates how easy of each model waste can be converted. These contents are also important information when selecting pretreatment methods and conversion process conditions in the following steps.Based on the comprehensive understanding of biomass structures and compositions, studies look into the effects of substrate properties (such crystallinity, presence of lignin and cellulose content on process performances during enzymatic hydrolysis adsorption. Results indicated how the adsorption process is affected by the substrate properties. This provides understanding of the role of substrate properties during enzyme-cellulose adsorption.

scholarly journals Importance of Defluviitalea raffinosedens for Hydrolytic Biomass Degradation in Co-Culture with Hungateiclostridium thermocellum

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 915
Author(s):  
Regina Rettenmaier ◽  
Martina Schneider ◽  
Bernhard Munk ◽  
Michael Lebuhn ◽  
Sebastian Jünemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Cellulose Hydrolysis ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Cellulose Breakdown ◽  
Metabolic Properties ◽  
Reactor Operating ◽  
First Time ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Bacterial hydrolysis of polysaccharides is an important step for the production of sustainable energy, for example during the conversion of plant biomass to methane-rich biogas. Previously, Hungateiclostridium thermocellum was identified as cellulolytic key player in thermophilic biogas microbiomes with a great frequency as an accompanying organism. The aim of this study was to physiologically characterize a recently isolated co-culture of H. thermocellum and the saccharolytic bacterium Defluviitalea raffinosedens from a laboratory-scale biogas fermenter. The characterization focused on cellulose breakdown by applying the measurement of cellulose hydrolysis, production of metabolites, and the activity of secreted enzymes. Substrate degradation and the production of volatile metabolites was considerably enhanced when both organisms acted synergistically. The metabolic properties of H. thermocellum have been studied well in the past. To predict the role of D. raffinosedens in this bacterial duet, the genome of D. raffinosedens was sequenced for the first time. Concomitantly, to deduce the prevalence of D. raffinosedens in anaerobic digestion, taxonomic composition and transcriptional activity of different biogas microbiomes were analyzed in detail. Defluviitalea was abundant and metabolically active in reactor operating at highly efficient process conditions, supporting the importance of this organism for the hydrolysis of the raw substrate.

Development of High Strength 100 ksi Seamless Weldable for Deepwater Riser Application

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso Izquierdo ◽  
Hector Quintanilla ◽  
Andrea Di Schino ◽  
Ettore Anelli
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Daily Basis ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Metallurgical Analysis ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

The deepwater and ultradeepwater production and exploration technical demands are increasing on a daily basis. The benefit of having pipes with high strength and reduced wall thickness is very well recognized by all the oil community. In order to develop a high strength seamless 100 ksi weldable riser, a Joint Industrial Development Program (JIP) was launched in 2003. This paper describes the results of the first phase of this JIP, devoted to the development and production of seamless 100 ksi pipes. A detailed metallurgical analysis, including the role of chemical composition and quenching and tempering process conditions on the microstructure and precipitation was performed. The influence of the type of microstructure on strength, toughness and fracture mechanics behavior was studied in detail for both laboratory and industrial materials. The 100 ksi grade was accomplished for seamless pipes with wall thickness of 16 mm and 25 mm. The second phase, devoted to evaluate field weldability of this new product, is in progress.

Study on the Role of Surfactants to Aqueous Two-Phase Synthesizing CPAM

2013 ◽  
Vol 781-784 ◽  
pp. 511-514
Author(s):  
Ya Feng Cao ◽  
Mei Jun Qu ◽  
Feng Zhi Tan ◽  
Zhao Li Liu ◽  
Yuan Li
Keyword(s):  
Monomer Conversion ◽  
Continuous Phase ◽  
Ionic Surfactants ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Phase System ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Optimum Reaction ◽  
Optimum Reaction Condition ◽  
Better Than

In this paper,cationic polyacrylamide (CPAM) was synthesized by using aqueous two-phase polymerization. The Role of surfactants to aqueous two-phase synthesizing CPAM was studied, including the effect of the type,the composition and the concentration of the surfactants. The results showed that non-ionic surfactants had a better stabilizing impact on the polymer aqueous two-phase system. And the effect of the compound surfactant was better than that of a single surfactant. Take the chemical compound of Tween80 and OP10 as the polymerization auxiliaries, the optimum reaction condition of synthesis were as follows:wTween80:ѡOP10=1.5,w=1.6%, 50°C.In this process conditions, the distribution coefficient was the most appropriate in the continuous phase, the total monomer conversion rate and the intrinsic viscosity number of the product reached the maximum.

N-Glycosylation of IgG and IgG-Like Recombinant Therapeutic Proteins: Why Is It Important and How Can We Control It?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 311-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia I. Majewska ◽  
Max L. Tejada ◽  
Michael J. Betenbaugh ◽  
Nitin Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Posttranslational Modifications ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Pharmacokinetic Properties ◽  
Regulatory Bodies ◽  
Nucleotide Sugars ◽  
Analytical Approaches ◽  
Advanced Glycosylation

Regulatory bodies worldwide consider N-glycosylation to be a critical quality attribute for immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgG-like therapeutics. This consideration is due to the importance of posttranslational modifications in determining the efficacy, safety, and pharmacokinetic properties of biologics. Given its critical role in protein therapeutic production, we review N-glycosylation beginning with an overview of the myriad interactions of N-glycans with other biological factors. We examine the mechanism and drivers for N-glycosylation during biotherapeutic production and the several competing factors that impact glycan formation, including the abundance of precursor nucleotide sugars, transporters, glycosidases, glycosyltransferases, and process conditions. We explore the role of these factors with a focus on the analytical approaches used to characterize glycosylation and associated processes, followed by the current state of advanced glycosylation modeling techniques. This combination of disciplines allows for a deeper understanding of N-glycosylation and will lead to more rational glycan control.

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