scholarly journals Drought-Induced Xylem Embolism Limits the Recovery of Leaf Gas Exchange in Scots Pine

2020 ◽  
Vol 184 (2) ◽  
pp. 852-864 ◽  
Author(s):  
Romy Rehschuh ◽  
Angelica Cecilia ◽  
Marcus Zuber ◽  
Tomáš Faragó ◽  
Tilo Baumbach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Xylem Embolism

Dynamics of leaf gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence and stem diameter changes during freezing and thawing of Scots pine seedlings

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (12) ◽  
pp. 1314-1324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauri Lindfors ◽  
Teemu Hölttä ◽  
Anna Lintunen ◽  
Albert Porcar-Castell ◽  
Eero Nikinmaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Stem Diameter ◽  
Freezing And Thawing ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Differences in hydraulic traits of grapevine rootstocks are not conferred to a common Vitis vinifera scion

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 228 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe H. Barrios-Masias ◽  
Thorsten Knipfer ◽  
M. Andrew Walker ◽  
Andrew J. McElrone
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Osmotic Adjustment ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Cabernet Sauvignon ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stress ◽  
Root Pressure ◽  
Xylem Embolism ◽  
Vitis Riparia ◽  
Microct Imaging

Cultivars of grapevine are commonly grafted onto rootstocks to improve resistance against biotic and abiotic stress, however, it is not clear whether known differences in hydraulic traits are conferred from rootstocks to a common scion. We recently found that Vitis riparia and Vitis champinii differed in drought-induced embolism susceptibility and repair, which was related to differences in root pressure generation after rewatering (Knipfer et al. 2015). In the present study, we tested whether these and other physiological responses to drought are conferred to a common V. vinifera scion (Cabernet Sauvignon) grafted on V. riparia and V. champinii rootstocks. We measured xylem embolism formation/repair using in vivo microCT imaging, which was accompanied with analysis of leaf gas exchange, osmotic adjustment and root pressure. Our data indicate that differences in scion physiological behaviour for both rootstock combinations were negligible, suggesting that the sensitivity of Cabernet Sauvignon scion to xylem embolism formation/repair, leaf gas exchange and osmotic adjustment is unaffected by either V. riparia or V. champinii rootstock in response to drought stress.

scholarly journals The effect of soil potassium and carbohydrates on xylem conductivity and embolism in an evergreen angiosperm tree and a gymnosperm tree before and after drought

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Wagner ◽  
Vlad Brumfeld ◽  
José M. Grünzweig ◽  
Tamir Klein
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Xylem Embolism ◽  
Drought Period ◽  
Pit Membrane ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Effect

AbstractXylem embolism is a major threat to tree function and survival under drought, in natural and agricultural settings alike, with its impact increasing in light of global climate change. Conversely, potassium (K+) has been shown to increase xylem conductivity (Ks) in trees, and carbohydrates were reported to impact leaf gas exchange.In this study we examined the effects of K+ and carbohydrates on Ks in two divergent evergreen tree species that are regularly exposed to drought: pine (Pinus brutia) and lemon (Citrus × limon). Five-year-old trees were pretreated with zero, moderate, and high K+, and with ambient or elevated CO2, to experimentally increase their xylem K+ or carbohydrates levels, respectively. Trees were then monitored for Ks and embolism (using a microCT), along with leaf gas exchange and water potential, before and after a 1.5-2.5 month drought period.Potassium fertigation had a positive effect on Ks, in both species when irrigated, which was eliminated following drought. Drought decreased Ks about 10-fold in lemon, with little effect in pine. CO2-treated trees had the same Ks as control trees before and after drought.Our results indicate a positive effect of K+ on tree hydraulics, which was more pronounced in lemon than in pine, supporting the hypothesis of interaction with the angiosperm pit membrane, and not with the gymnosperm bordered pit. Yet, the elimination of this benefit following drought, and the lack of benefit from elevated carbohydrates following a short-term CO2 treatment, question the relevance of these components to tree drought resistance mechanisms.Key massagePotassium fertigation increases hydraulic conductivity and reduces xylem embolism in the gymnosperm pine, and more so in the angiosperm lemon tree, benefits which were eliminated following drought.

Effects of atmospheric CO2 enrichment and root restriction on leaf gas exchange and growth of banana (Musa)

1996 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 685-693
Author(s):  
B. Schaffer ◽  
C. Searle ◽  
A. W. Whiley ◽  
R. J. Nissen
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
Root Restriction

The Effects of Drought on Leaf Gas Exchange and Growth of Three Species of Herbaceous Perennials

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 540a-540
Author(s):  
K.J. Prevete ◽  
R.T. Fernandez
Keyword(s):  
Drought Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Gas Analysis ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Effects Of Drought ◽  
Analysis System

Three species of herbaceous perennials were tested on their ability to withstand and recover from drought stress periods of 2, 4, and 6 days. Eupatorium rugosum and Boltonia asteroides `Snowbank' were chosen because of their reported drought intolerance, while Rudbeckia triloba was chosen based on its reported drought tolerance. Drought stress began on 19 Sept. 1997. Plants were transplanted into the field the day following the end of each stress period. The effects of drought on transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, and net photosynthetic rate were measured during the stress and throughout recovery using an infrared gas analysis system. Leaf gas exchange measurements were taken through recovery until there were no differences between the stressed plants and the control plants. Transpiration, stomatal conductance, and photosynthesis of Rudbeckia and Boltonia were not affected until 4 days after the start of stress. Transpiration of Eupatorium decreased after 3 days of stress. After rewatering, leaf gas exchange of Boltonia and Rudbeckia returned to non-stressed levels quicker than Eupatorium. Growth measurements were taken every other day during stress, and then weekly following transplanting. Measurements were taken until a killing frost that occurred on 3 Nov. There were no differences in the growth between the stressed and non-stressed plants in any of the species. Plants will be monitored throughout the winter, spring, and summer to determine the effects of drought on overwintering capability and regrowth.

scholarly journals Grapevine species from varied native habitats exhibit differences in embolism formation/repair associated with leaf gas exchange and root pressure

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1503-1513 ◽  
Author(s):  
THORSTEN KNIPFER ◽  
ASHLEY EUSTIS ◽  
CRAIG BRODERSEN ◽  
ANDREW M. WALKER ◽  
ANDREW J. MCELRONE
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Root Pressure ◽  
Native Habitats

scholarly journals An improved theory for calculating leaf gas exchange more precisely accounting for small fluxes

Nature Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego A. Márquez ◽  
Hilary Stuart-Williams ◽  
Graham D. Farquhar
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange

Long-term liming improves soil fertility and soybean root growth, reflecting improvements in leaf gas exchange and grain yield

2021 ◽  
Vol 128 ◽  
pp. 126308
Author(s):  
João William Bossolani ◽  
Carlos Alexandre Costa Crusciol ◽  
José Roberto Portugal ◽  
Luiz Gustavo Moretti ◽  
Ariani Garcia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Soybean Root

scholarly journals Shading Effects on Leaf Gas Exchange, Leaf Pigments and Secondary Metabolites of Polygonum minus Huds., an Aromatic Medicinal Herb

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Fairuz Fatini Mohd Yusof ◽  
Jamilah Syafawati Yaacob ◽  
Normaniza Osman ◽  
Mohd Hafiz Ibrahim ◽  
Wan Abd Al Qadr Imad Wan-Mohtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Photosynthesis Rate ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Chlorophyll B ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Total Anthocyanin ◽  
Polygonum Minus

The growing demand for high value aromatic herb Polygonum minus-based products have increased in recent years, for its antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory potentials. Although few reports have indicated the chemical profiles and antioxidative effects of Polygonum minus, no study has been conducted to assess the benefits of micro-environmental manipulation (different shading levels) on the growth, leaf gas exchange and secondary metabolites in Polygonum minus. Therefore, two shading levels (50%:T2 and 70%:T3) and one absolute control (0%:T1) were studied under eight weeks and 16 weeks of exposures on Polygonum minus after two weeks. It was found that P. minus under T2 obtained the highest photosynthesis rate (14.892 µmol CO2 m−2 s−1), followed by T3 = T1. The increase in photosynthesis rate was contributed by the enhancement of the leaf pigments content (chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b). This was shown by the positive significant correlations observed between photosynthesis rate with chlorophyll a (r2 = 0.536; p ≤ 0.05) and chlorophyll b (r2 = 0.540; p ≤ 0.05). As the shading levels and time interval increased, the production of total anthocyanin content (TAC) and antioxidant properties of Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) also increased. The total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) were also significantly enhanced under T2 and T3. The current study suggested that P.minus induce the production of more leaf pigments and secondary metabolites as their special adaptation mechanism under low light condition. Although the biomass was affected under low light, the purpose of conducting the study to boost the bioactive properties in Polygonum minus has been fulfilled by 50% shading under 16 weeks’ exposure.

scholarly journals Ethylene enhances root water transport and aquaporin expression in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) exposed to root hypoxia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangfeng Tan ◽  
Mengmeng Liu ◽  
Ning Du ◽  
Janusz J. Zwiazek
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Transport ◽  
Populus Tremuloides ◽  
Leaf Gas Exchange ◽  
Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Root Hydraulic Conductance ◽  
Trembling Aspen ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Root Hypoxia ◽  
Exogenous Ethylene

Abstract Background Root hypoxia has detrimental effects on physiological processes and growth in most plants. The effects of hypoxia can be partly alleviated by ethylene. However, the tolerance mechanisms contributing to the ethylene-mediated hypoxia tolerance in plants remain poorly understood. Results In this study, we examined the effects of root hypoxia and exogenous ethylene treatments on leaf gas exchange, root hydraulic conductance, and the expression levels of several aquaporins of the plasma membrane intrinsic protein group (PIP) in trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides) seedlings. Ethylene enhanced net photosynthetic rates, transpiration rates, and root hydraulic conductance in hypoxic plants. Of the two subgroups of PIPs (PIP1 and PIP2), the protein abundance of PIP2s and the transcript abundance of PIP2;4 and PIP2;5 were higher in ethylene-treated trembling aspen roots compared with non-treated roots under hypoxia. The increases in the expression levels of these aquaporins could potentially facilitate root water transport. The enhanced root water transport by ethylene was likely responsible for the increase in leaf gas exchange of the hypoxic plants. Conclusions Exogenous ethylene enhanced root water transport and the expression levels of PIP2;4 and PIP2;5 in hypoxic roots of trembling aspen. The results suggest that ethylene facilitates the aquaporin-mediated water transport in plants exposed to root hypoxia.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document