Proteome Analysis of Arabidopsis Leaf Peroxisomes Reveals Novel Targeting Peptides, Metabolic Pathways, and Defense Mechanisms

In this review, plant-insect interaction is discussed as a dynamic system, subjected to continual variation and change. Plants developed different mechanisms to reduce insect attack, including specific responses that activate different metabolic pathways which considerably alter their chemical and physical aspects. On the other hand, insects developed several strategies to overcome plant defense barriers, allowing them to feed, grow and reproduce on their host plants. This review foccuses on several aspects of this complex interaction between plants and insects, including chemical-derived substances, protein-derived molecules and volatile compounds of plants whereas metabolization, sequestration or avoidance are in turn employed by the insects.

Download Full-text

Review of oxidative stress and antioxidative defense mechanisms in Gossypium hirsutum L. in response to extreme abiotic conditions

Journal of Cotton Research ◽

10.1186/s42397-021-00086-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zainab QAMER ◽

Muhammad Tanees CHAUDHARY ◽

Xiongming DU ◽

Lori HINZE ◽

Muhammad Tehseen AZHAR

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Crop Plants ◽

Abiotic Conditions ◽

Oxidative Stresses ◽

Yield And Quality ◽

Environmental Extremes ◽

Cotton Plants ◽

Low Levels

AbstractOxidative stress occurs when crop plants are exposed to extreme abiotic conditions that lead to the excessive production and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Those extreme abiotic conditions or stresses include drought, high temperature, heavy metals, salinity, and ultraviolet radiation, and they cause yield and quality losses in crops. ROS are highly reactive species found in nature that can attack plant organelles, metabolites, and molecules by interrupting various metabolic pathways until cell death occurs. Plants have evolved defense mechanisms for the production of antioxidants to detoxify the ROS and to protect the plant against oxidative damage. Modern researches in crop plants revealed that low levels of ROS act as a signal which induces tolerance to environmental extremes by altering the expression of defensive genes. In this review, we summarized the processes involved in ROS production in response to several types of abiotic stress in cotton plants. Furthermore, we discussed the achievements in the understanding and improving oxidative stress tolerance in cotton in recent years. Researches related to plant oxidative stresses have shown excellent potential for the development of stress-tolerant crops.

Download Full-text

Pathogen-Free PTI Induction with a Plant Conditioner

10.20944/preprints202112.0344.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kincső Decsi ◽

Barbara Kutasy ◽

Márta Kiniczky ◽

Géza Hegedűs ◽

Zoltán Alföldi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Jasmonic Acid ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Defense Mechanisms ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Healthy Plant ◽

Acid Biosynthesis ◽

Cellular Detoxification ◽

Genes Encoding ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein ◽

Phytoalexin Biosynthesis

The effects of ELICE16INDURES, a well-known plant conditioner developed by the Research Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd. Budakalasz, Hungary, were studied in a soybean population. The active ingredients of the compound have been selected to help elicit general immunity in plants without pathogenic damage, thereby roborizing the healthy plant population and preparing it for possible future biotic stressors. Here we have analyzed changes in the expression levels of genes encoding enzymes involved in the catalysis of metabolic pathways that induce and regulate PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) at two different time points and treatments. Twenty-three different enzymes were analyzed that catalyze different metabolic pathways, such as the biosyntheses of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, and phytoalexin biosynthesis and cellular detoxification processes. Bioinformatical softwares werw used to analyze the results. It has been found that some of the primary defense mechanisms (e.g., Mitogen-Activated-Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade, jasmonic acid biosynthesis, flavonoid and phytoalexin biosynthesis, etc.) that intensify following the attack of pathogens can be activated without the intrusion of the actual pathogen by an immunochemical. Thus, we proved that plant resistance can be artificially conditioned.

Download Full-text

Genome-wide core proteome analysis of Brucella melitensis Strains for Potential Drug Target Prediction

Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry ◽

10.2174/1389557520666200707133347 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 ◽

Author(s):

Noor Rahman ◽

Mohibullah Shah ◽

Ijaz Muhammad ◽

Haroon Khan ◽

Muhammad Imran

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Drug Targets ◽

Brucella Melitensis ◽

Bacterial Pathogen ◽

Proteome Analysis ◽

Potential Drug ◽

Metabolic Pathway Analysis ◽

Core Proteins

: Brucella melitensis is a facultative intracellular bacterial pathogen that causes abortion in goats and sheep and Malta fever in humans. Human chronic infection is successfully established through contact with infected animals or their dirty product. Subtractive genomic approach is considered as a powerful and useful method for the identification of potential drug and vaccine targets. In this study an attempt has been made through subtractive proteomic strategy to identify novel drug targets in Brucella melitensis strains. There were 2604 core proteins of 56 strains of B. melitensis, of which 545 nonhuman homologs were found to be essential for pathogen growth. Metabolic pathway analysis of these essential proteins revealed that 129 proteins are exclusively involved in 21 unique metabolic pathways in B. melitensis reference strain. Of these, 31 proteins were found to be involved in 10 metabolic pathways which are unique to the pathogen. We selected Nitrate reductase subunit-β, Urease subunit α-2, Pantoate-β-alanine ligase, Isochorismatase, 2-dehydro-3- deoxyphosphooctonate aldolase and Serine O-acetyltransferase as a drug targets in Brucella melitensis strains. Among these druggable targets, we selected only Pantoate-β-alanine ligase as high confidence target based on intensive literature curation, which is non homologous to human gut metagenome involved in Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites pathway. Pantothenate synthetase, it the best chemotherapeutic target to combat Brucellulosis. Further in vitro and in vivo validation is needed for the evaluation of lead compound against Brucella melitensis strains.

Download Full-text

Integrative Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Identifies Major Metabolic Pathways Involved in Pepper Fruit Development

Journal of Proteome Research ◽

10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00673 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 18 (3) ◽

pp. 982-994 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Zhoubin Liu ◽

Junheng Lv ◽

Zhuqing Zhang ◽

Heng Li ◽

Bozhi Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Development ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Proteome Analysis ◽

Pepper Fruit

Download Full-text

Abstract 445: Characterizing The Cardiac Acetylome During Exercise

Circulation Research ◽

10.1161/res.119.suppl_1.445 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 119 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Laura Liu ◽

Hasmik Keshishian ◽

Xiaojun Liu ◽

Tanya Svinkina ◽

Carolin Lerchenmüeller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Transcriptional Control ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Proteome Analysis ◽

Mouse Heart ◽

Post Translational Modification ◽

Exercise Induced ◽

Physiological Hypertrophy

Recent advances in mass spectrometry have led to in-depth characterization of both tissue and cellular acetylation profiles (or “acetylomes”). These studies reveal the abundance and importance of this post-translational modification not only in transcriptional control, but also in many signaling and metabolic pathways. In the heart, acetylation has been found to play a role in cardiac proliferation, differentiation, and hypertrophy in both developmental and pathological settings. To examine the role of acetylation in exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy, we studied the expression of enzymes regulating these processes and then undertook a comprehensive proteomic analysis of cardiac proteome and acetylome in hearts from sedentary and exercised mice. We first characterized the expression profiles of 8 acetylases (MYST1-4, GCN5, PCAF, EP300, CREBBP) and 18 deacetylases (HDAC1-11 and SIRT1-7) in four different exercise protocols, including swimming, voluntary wheel run, acute treadmill run, and long-term treadmill run in aged mice. Then, using a proteomics workflow with greater sensitivity and higher coverage recently developed at the Broad Institute, we determined the acetylome of the swim exercised mouse heart (n=5) in comparison to sedentary animals (n=4). We concurrently assessed proteome and phospho-proteome profiles in the same set of samples. Confirmation of the presence of physiological hypertrophy and increased cardiac function with exercise was determined with echocardiography and morphometric analysis. With this method, we identified 4159 acetylation sites and 19,402 phosphorylation sites on 6615 proteins. Acetylated proteins were found to be involved in a diverse array of processes, but most prominently in metabolism and muscle contraction. Phospho-proteome analysis has highlighted the interplay and crosstalk between acetylation and phosphorylation. In summary, the cardiac acetylome is dynamically regulated by exercise and demonstrates major alterations in metabolic pathways. Understanding how physiological hypertrophy affects acetylation and the activity of downstream factors may provide novel insights into the cardioprotective role of exercise.

Download Full-text

Targeting Hepatic Protein Carbonylation and Oxidative Stress Occurring on Diet-Induced Metabolic Diseases through the Supplementation with Fish Oils

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md16100353 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 353 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Silvia Muñoz ◽

Lucía Méndez ◽

Gabriel Dasilva ◽

Josep Torres ◽

Sara Ramos-Romero ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Fish Oil ◽

Metabolic Pathways ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Proteome Analysis ◽

Protein Carbonylation ◽

Liver Protein ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Carbamoyl Phosphate ◽

Inflammatory Phenotype

The present study addressed the ability of long-chain ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFA), i.e., eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), to ameliorate liver protein damage derived from oxidative stress and induced by consumption of high-caloric diets, typical of Westernized countries. The experimental design included an animal model of Sprague-Dawley rats fed high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet supplemented with ω-3 EPA and DHA for a complete hepatic proteome analysis to map carbonylated proteins involved in specific metabolic pathways. Results showed that the intake of marine ω-3 PUFA through diet significantly decreased liver protein carbonylation caused by long-term HFHS consumption and increased antioxidant system. Fish oil modulated the carbonylation level of more than twenty liver proteins involved in critical metabolic pathways, including lipid metabolism (e.g., albumin), carbohydrate metabolism (e.g., pyruvate carboxylase), detoxification process (e.g., aldehyde dehydrogenase 2), urea cycle (e.g., carbamoyl-phosphate synthase), cytoskeleton dynamics (e.g., actin), or response to oxidative stress (e.g., catalase) among others, which might be under the control of diet marine ω-3 PUFA. In parallel, fish oil significantly changed the liver fatty acid profile given by the HFHS diet, resulting in a more anti-inflammatory phenotype. In conclusion, the present study highlights the significance of marine ω-3 PUFA intake for the health of rats fed a Westernized diet by describing several key metabolic pathways which are protected in liver.

Download Full-text