scholarly journals Pathogen-Free PTI Induction with a Plant Conditioner

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kincső Decsi ◽  
Barbara Kutasy ◽  
Márta Kiniczky ◽  
Géza Hegedűs ◽  
Zoltán Alföldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Cellular Detoxification ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Phytoalexin Biosynthesis

The effects of ELICE16INDURES, a well-known plant conditioner developed by the Research Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd. Budakalasz, Hungary, were studied in a soybean population. The active ingredients of the compound have been selected to help elicit general immunity in plants without pathogenic damage, thereby roborizing the healthy plant population and preparing it for possible future biotic stressors. Here we have analyzed changes in the expression levels of genes encoding enzymes involved in the catalysis of metabolic pathways that induce and regulate PAMP-triggered immunity (PTI) at two different time points and treatments. Twenty-three different enzymes were analyzed that catalyze different metabolic pathways, such as the biosyntheses of jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, ethylene, phenylpropanoid, flavonoid, and phytoalexin biosynthesis and cellular detoxification processes. Bioinformatical softwares werw used to analyze the results. It has been found that some of the primary defense mechanisms (e.g., Mitogen-Activated-Protein Kinase (MAPK) cascade, jasmonic acid biosynthesis, flavonoid and phytoalexin biosynthesis, etc.) that intensify following the attack of pathogens can be activated without the intrusion of the actual pathogen by an immunochemical. Thus, we proved that plant resistance can be artificially conditioned.

scholarly journals Activation of Bile Acid Biosynthesis by the p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase (MAPK)

2007 ◽  
Vol 282 (34) ◽  
pp. 24607-24614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhumei Xu ◽  
Olga L. Tavares-Sanchez ◽  
Quanzhong Li ◽  
Josephine Fernando ◽  
Carmen M. Rodriguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Bile Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

scholarly journals Jasmonic Acid-Induced VQ-Motif-Containing Protein OsVQ13 Influences the OsWRKY45 Signaling Pathway and Grain Size by Associating with OsMPK6 in Rice

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 2917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuya Uji ◽  
Keita Kashihara ◽  
Haruna Kiyama ◽  
Susumu Mochizuki ◽  
Kazuya Akimitsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Rice Bacterial Blight ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Stable Growth ◽  
Ja Signaling

Jasmonic acid (JA) is a plant hormone that plays an important role in the defense response and stable growth of rice. In this study, we investigated the role of the JA-responsive valine-glutamine (VQ)-motif-containing protein OsVQ13 in JA signaling in rice. OsVQ13 was primarily located in the nucleus and cytoplasm. The transgenic rice plants overexpressing OsVQ13 exhibited a JA-hypersensitive phenotype and increased JA-induced resistance to Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), which is the bacteria that causes rice bacterial blight, one of the most serious diseases in rice. Furthermore, we identified a mitogen-activated protein kinase, OsMPK6, as an OsVQ13-associating protein. The expression of genes regulated by OsWRKY45, an important WRKY-type transcription factor for Xoo resistance that is known to be regulated by OsMPK6, was upregulated in OsVQ13-overexpressing rice plants. The grain size of OsVQ13-overexpressing rice plants was also larger than that of the wild type. These results indicated that OsVQ13 positively regulated JA signaling by activating the OsMPK6–OsWRKY45 signaling pathway in rice.

scholarly journals Identification of Factors Regulating Poly(A) Tail Synthesis and Maturation

2004 ◽  
Vol 24 (10) ◽  
pp. 4196-4206 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Mangus ◽  
Mandy M. Smith ◽  
Jennifer M. McSweeney ◽  
Allan Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Negative Regulator ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Regulatory Complex ◽  
Cleavage And Polyadenylation ◽  
Mrna Polyadenylation ◽  
Two Hybrid ◽  
Polyadenylation Factor

ABSTRACT Posttranscriptional maturation of the 3′ end of eukaryotic pre-mRNAs occurs as a three-step pathway involving site-specific cleavage, polymerization of a poly(A) tail, and trimming of the newly synthesized tail to its mature length. While most of the factors essential for catalyzing these reactions have been identified, those that regulate them remain to be characterized. Previously, we demonstrated that the yeast protein Pbp1p associates with poly(A)-binding protein (Pab1p) and controls the extent of mRNA polyadenylation. To further elucidate the function of Pbp1p, we conducted a two-hybrid screen to identify factors with which it interacts. Five genes encoding putative Pbp1p-interacting proteins were identified, including (i) FIR1/PIP1 and UFD1/PIP3, genes encoding factors previously implicated in mRNA 3′-end processing; (ii) PBP1 itself, confirming directed two-hybrid results and suggesting that Pbp1p can multimerize; (iii) DIG1, encoding a mitogen-activated protein kinase-associated protein; and (iv) PBP4 (YDL053C), a previously uncharacterized gene. In vitro polyadenylation reactions utilizing extracts derived from fir1Δ and pbp1Δ cells and from cells lacking the Fir1p interactor, Ref2p, demonstrated that Pbp1p, Fir1p, and Ref2p are all required for the formation of a normal-length poly(A) tail on precleaved CYC1 pre-mRNA. Kinetic analyses of the respective polyadenylation reactions indicated that Pbp1p is a negative regulator of poly(A) nuclease (PAN) activity and that Fir1p and Ref2p are, respectively, a positive regulator and a negative regulator of poly(A) synthesis. We suggest a model in which these three factors and Ufd1p are part of a regulatory complex that exploits Pab1p to link cleavage and polyadenylation factors of CFIA and CFIB (cleavage factors IA and IB) to the polyadenylation factors of CPF (cleavage and polyadenylation factor).

scholarly journals Rho1p-Bni1p-Spa2p Interactions: Implication in Localization of Bni1p at the Bud Site and Regulation of the Actin Cytoskeleton inSaccharomyces cerevisiae

1998 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1221-1233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takeshi Fujiwara ◽  
Kazuma Tanaka ◽  
Akihisa Mino ◽  
Mitsuhiro Kikyo ◽  
Kazuo Takahashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Actin Cytoskeleton ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Amino Acid Region ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Acid Region

Rho1p is a yeast homolog of mammalian RhoA small GTP-binding protein. Rho1p is localized at the growth sites and required for bud formation. We have recently shown that Bni1p is a potential target of Rho1p and that Bni1p regulates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton through interactions with profilin, an actin monomer-binding protein. Using the yeast two-hybrid screening system, we cloned a gene encoding a protein that interacted with Bni1p. This protein, Spa2p, was known to be localized at the bud tip and to be implicated in the establishment of cell polarity. The C-terminal 254 amino acid region of Spa2p, Spa2p(1213–1466), directly bound to a 162-amino acid region of Bni1p, Bni1p(826–987). Genetic analyses revealed that both thebni1 and spa2 mutations showed synthetic lethal interactions with mutations in the genes encoding components of the Pkc1p-mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, in which Pkc1p is another target of Rho1p. Immunofluorescence microscopic analysis showed that Bni1p was localized at the bud tip in wild-type cells. However, in the spa2 mutant, Bni1p was not localized at the bud tip and instead localized diffusely in the cytoplasm. A mutant Bni1p, which lacked the Rho1p-binding region, also failed to be localized at the bud tip. These results indicate that both Rho1p and Spa2p are involved in the localization of Bni1p at the growth sites where Rho1p regulates reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton through Bni1p.

scholarly journals Adaptation of Corynebacterium glutamicum to Ammonium Limitation: a Global Analysis Using Transcriptome and Proteome Techniques

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (5) ◽  
pp. 2391-2402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maike Silberbach ◽  
Mathias Schäfer ◽  
Andrea T. Hüser ◽  
Jörn Kalinowski ◽  
Alfred Pühler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corynebacterium Glutamicum ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Nitrogen Assimilation ◽  
Global Analysis ◽  
Cellular Transport ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Limited Growth ◽  
Rate Dependent ◽  
Genes Encoding

ABSTRACT Theresponse of Corynebacterium glutamicum to ammonium limitation was studied by transcriptional and proteome profiling of cells grown in a chemostat. Our results show that ammonium-limited growth of C. glutamicum results in a rearrangement of the cellular transport capacity, changes in metabolic pathways for nitrogen assimilation, amino acid biosynthesis, and carbon metabolism, as well as a decreased cell division. Since transcription at different growth rates was studied, it was possible to distinguish specific responses to ammonium limitation and more general, growth rate-dependent alterations in gene expression. The latter include a number of genes encoding ribosomal proteins and genes for FoF1-ATP synthase subunits.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of C. elegans Reveals Novel Targets for DON Cytotoxicity

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Di ◽  
Hanzhong Zhang ◽  
Michael A. Lawton
Keyword(s):  
Animal Studies ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Pcr Analysis ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein ◽  
Health Complications ◽  
Upregulated Genes

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a mycotoxin produced by Fusarium spp. that causes Fusarium head blight (FHB) disease in cereal crops. Ingestion of food contaminated with DON poses serious human health complications. However, the DON cytotoxicity has been mostly deduced from animal studies. In this study, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) as a tractable animal model to dissect the toxic effect of DON. Our results indicate that DON reduces the fecundity and lifespan of C. elegans. The real-time RT-PCR analysis showed that DON upregulates innate immunity-related genes including C17H12.8 and K08D8.5 encoding PMK-1 (mitogen activated protein kinase-1)-regulated immune effectors, and F35E12.5 encoding a CUB-like domain-containing protein. Furthermore, our RNAseq data demonstrate that out of ~ 17,000 C. elegans genes, 313 are upregulated and 166 were downregulated by DON treatment. Among the DON-upregulated genes, several are ugt genes encoding UDP-glucuronosyl transferase (UGTs) which are known to be involved in chemical detoxification. The three upregulated genes, F52F10.4 (oac-32), C10H11.6 (ugt-26) and C10H11.4 (ugt-28) encoding the O-acyltransferase homolog, UGT26 and UGT 28, respectively, are shown to contribute to DON tolerance by RNAi bacterial feeding experiment. The results of this study provide insights to the targets of DON cytotoxicity and potential mitigation measures.

scholarly journals A Three-Way Transcriptomic Interaction Study of a Biocontrol Agent (Clonostachys rosea), a Fungal Pathogen (Helminthosporium solani), and a Potato Host (Solanum tuberosum)

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 646-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Lysøe ◽  
Merete W. Dees ◽  
May Bente Brurberg
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Biocontrol Agent ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽  
Silver Scurf ◽  
Helminthosporium Solani ◽  
Protein Signaling ◽  
Clonostachys Rosea ◽  
Mitogen Activated Protein

Helminthosporium solani causes silver scurf, which affects the quality of potato. The biocontrol agent Clonostachys rosea greatly limited the severity of silver scurf symptoms and amount of H. solani genomic DNA in laboratory experiments. Transcriptomic analysis during interaction showed that H. solani gene expression was highly reduced when coinoculated with the biocontrol agent C. rosea, whereas gene expression of C. rosea was clearly boosted as a response to the pathogen. The most notable upregulated C. rosea genes were those encoding proteins involved in cellular response to oxidative stress, proteases, G-protein signaling, and the methyltransferase LaeA. The most notable potato response to both fungi was downregulation of defense-related genes and mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases. At a later stage, this shifted, and most potato defense genes were turned on, especially those involved in terpenoid biosynthesis when H. solani was present. Some biocontrol-activated defense-related genes in potato were upregulated during early interaction with C. rosea alone that were not triggered by H. solani alone. Our results indicate that the reductions of silver scurf using C. rosea are probably due to a combination of mechanisms, including mycoparasitism, biocontrol-activated stimulation of plant defense mechanisms, microbial competition for nutrients, space, and antibiosis.

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