scholarly journals In situserial Laue diffraction on a microfluidic crystallization device

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1975-1982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Perry ◽  
Sudipto Guha ◽  
Ashtamurthy S. Pawate ◽  
Robert Henning ◽  
Irina Kosheleva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
Biochemical Reactions ◽  
Laue Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Experimental Strategy ◽  
Dynamic Studies ◽  
Serial Crystallography

Renewed interest in room-temperature diffraction has been prompted by the desire to observe structural dynamics of proteins as they function. Serial crystallography, an experimental strategy that aggregates small pieces of data from a large uniform pool of crystals, has been demonstrated at synchrotrons and X-ray free-electron lasers. This work utilizes a microfluidic crystallization platform for serial Laue diffraction from macroscopic crystals and proposes that a collection of small slices of Laue data from many individual crystals is a realistic solution to the difficulties in dynamic studies of irreversible biochemical reactions.

scholarly journals Current status and future opportunities for serial crystallography at MAX IV Laboratory

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 1095-1102
Author(s):  
Anastasya Shilova ◽  
Hugo Lebrette ◽  
Oskar Aurelius ◽  
Jie Nan ◽  
Martin Welin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
High Viscosity ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Crystallography ◽  
Injection Methods ◽  
Serial Crystallography ◽  
Presentation Methods

Over the last decade, serial crystallography, a method to collect complete diffraction datasets from a large number of microcrystals delivered and exposed to an X-ray beam in random orientations at room temperature, has been successfully implemented at X-ray free-electron lasers and synchrotron radiation facility beamlines. This development relies on a growing variety of sample presentation methods, including different fixed target supports, injection methods using gas-dynamic virtual-nozzle injectors and high-viscosity extrusion injectors, and acoustic levitation of droplets, each with unique requirements. In comparison with X-ray free-electron lasers, increased beam time availability makes synchrotron facilities very attractive to perform serial synchrotron X-ray crystallography (SSX) experiments. Within this work, the possibilities to perform SSX at BioMAX, the first macromolecular crystallography beamline at  MAX IV Laboratory in Lund, Sweden, are described, together with case studies from the SSX user program: an implementation of a high-viscosity extrusion injector to perform room temperature serial crystallography at BioMAX using two solid supports – silicon nitride membranes (Silson, UK) and XtalTool (Jena Bioscience, Germany). Future perspectives for the dedicated serial crystallography beamline MicroMAX at MAX IV Laboratory, which will provide parallel and intense micrometre-sized X-ray beams, are discussed.

scholarly journals Soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy of metalloproteins and high-valent metal-complexes at room temperature using free-electron lasers

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 054307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Kubin ◽  
Jan Kern ◽  
Sheraz Gul ◽  
Thomas Kroll ◽  
Ruchira Chatterjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metal Complexes ◽  
Absorption Spectroscopy ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
High Valent ◽  
X Ray Absorption

scholarly journals X-Ray Free-Electron Lasers for the Structure and Dynamics of Macromolecules

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henry N. Chapman
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Conformational Dynamics ◽  
Cryogenic Cooling ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Virus Particles ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Small Crystals ◽  
Serial Crystallography

X-ray free-electron lasers provide femtosecond-duration pulses of hard X-rays with a peak brightness approximately one billion times greater than is available at synchrotron radiation facilities. One motivation for the development of such X-ray sources was the proposal to obtain structures of macromolecules, macromolecular complexes, and virus particles, without the need for crystallization, through diffraction measurements of single noncrystalline objects. Initial explorations of this idea and of outrunning radiation damage with femtosecond pulses led to the development of serial crystallography and the ability to obtain high-resolution structures of small crystals without the need for cryogenic cooling. This technique allows the understanding of conformational dynamics and enzymatics and the resolution of intermediate states in reactions over timescales of 100 fs to minutes. The promise of more photons per atom recorded in a diffraction pattern than electrons per atom contributing to an electron micrograph may enable diffraction measurements of single molecules, although challenges remain.

scholarly journals Liquid sample delivery techniques for serial femtosecond crystallography

2014 ◽  
Vol 369 (1647) ◽  
pp. 20130337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Uwe Weierstall
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Repetition Rate ◽  
Free Electron Laser ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Liquid Flow Rate ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
Liquid Sample ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Serial Femtosecond Crystallography

X-ray free-electron lasers overcome the problem of radiation damage in protein crystallography and allow structure determination from micro- and nanocrystals at room temperature. To ensure that consecutive X-ray pulses do not probe previously exposed crystals, the sample needs to be replaced with the X-ray repetition rate, which ranges from 120 Hz at warm linac-based free-electron lasers to 1 MHz at superconducting linacs. Liquid injectors are therefore an essential part of a serial femtosecond crystallography experiment at an X-ray free-electron laser. Here, we compare different techniques of injecting microcrystals in solution into the pulsed X-ray beam in vacuum. Sample waste due to mismatch of the liquid flow rate to the X-ray repetition rate can be addressed through various techniques.

Room-temperature calorimeter for x-ray free-electron lasers

2015 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 093104 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Tanaka ◽  
M. Kato ◽  
N. Saito ◽  
K. Tono ◽  
M. Yabashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Electron ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Reducing sample consumption for serial crystallography using acoustic drop ejection

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 1820-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Davy ◽  
Danny Axford ◽  
John H. Beale ◽  
Agata Butryn ◽  
Peter Docker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Efficient Method ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Crystal Quality ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
Fixed Target ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Essential Aspect ◽  
Time Usage ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Serial Crystallography

Efficient sample delivery is an essential aspect of serial crystallography at both synchrotrons and X-ray free-electron lasers. Rastering fixed target chips through the X-ray beam is an efficient method for serial delivery from the perspectives of both sample consumption and beam time usage. Here, an approach for loading fixed targets using acoustic drop ejection is presented that does not compromise crystal quality, can reduce sample consumption by more than an order of magnitude and allows serial diffraction to be collected from a larger proportion of the crystals in the slurry.

scholarly journals Data Exploration Toolkitfor serial diffraction experiments

2015 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 352-356 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver B. Zeldin ◽  
Aaron S. Brewster ◽  
Johan Hattne ◽  
Monarin Uervirojnangkoorn ◽  
Artem Y. Lyubimov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Data Exploration ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Significant Heterogeneity ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Experimental Strategy ◽  
Serial Crystallography

Ultrafast diffraction at X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) has the potential to yield new insights into important biological systems that produce radiation-sensitive crystals. An unavoidable feature of the `diffraction before destruction' nature of these experiments is that images are obtained from many distinct crystals and/or different regions of the same crystal. Combined with other sources of XFEL shot-to-shot variation, this introduces significant heterogeneity into the diffraction data, complicating processing and interpretation. To enable researchers to get the most from their collected data, a toolkit is presented that provides insights into the quality of, and the variation present in, serial crystallography data sets. These tools operate on the unmerged, partial intensity integration results from many individual crystals, and can be used on two levels: firstly to guide the experimental strategy during data collection, and secondly to help users make informed choices during data processing.

scholarly journals Chemical interactions and dynamics with femtosecond X-ray spectroscopy and the role of X-ray free-electron lasers

2019 ◽  
Vol 377 (2145) ◽  
pp. 20170464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Wernet
Keyword(s):  
Structural Dynamics ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
Exchange Interactions ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
Substitution Reactions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Orbital Interactions

X-ray free-electron lasers with intense, tuneable and short-pulse X-ray radiation are transformative tools for the investigation of transition-metal complexes and metalloproteins. This becomes apparent in particular when combining the experimental observables from X-ray spectroscopy with modern theoretical tools for calculations of electronic structures and X-ray spectra from first principles. The combination gives new insights into how charge and spin densities change in chemical reactions and how they determine reactivity. This is demonstrated for the investigations of structural dynamics with metal K-edge absorption spectroscopy, spin states in excited-state dynamics with metal 3p-3d exchange interactions, the frontier-orbital interactions in dissociation and substitution reactions with metal-specific X-ray spectroscopy, and studies of metal oxidation states with femtosecond pulses for ‘probe-before-destroy’ spectroscopy. The role of X-ray free-electron lasers is addressed with thoughts about how they enable ‘bringing back together’ different aspects of the same problem and this is thought to go beyond a conventional review paper where these aspects are formulated in italic font type in a prequel, an interlude and in a sequel. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Measurement of ultrafast electronic and structural dynamics with X-rays'.

scholarly journals Laser system design for table-top X-ray light source

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne-Laure Calendron ◽  
Joachim Meier ◽  
Michael Hemmer ◽  
Luis E. Zapata ◽  
Fabian Reichert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
System Design ◽  
Light Source ◽  
Free Electron ◽  
Cryogenic Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Laser System ◽  
Free Electron Lasers ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Laser Amplifiers ◽  
Laser Media

We present possible conceptual designs of a laser system for driving table-top free-electron lasers based on terahertz acceleration. After discussing the achievable performances of laser amplifiers with Yb:YAG at cryogenic and room temperature and Yb:YLF at cryogenic temperature, we present amplification modules with available results and concepts of amplifier chains based on these laser media. Their performances are discussed in light of the specifications for the tasks within the table-top light source. Technical and engineering challenges, such as cooling, control, synchronization and diagnostics, are outlined. Three concepts for the laser layout feeding the accelerator are eventually derived and presented.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document