A simple gas introduction system for cryogenic powder X-ray diffraction

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Hodyss ◽  
Tuan H. Vu ◽  
Mathieu Choukroun ◽  
Morgan L. Cable
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Simple System ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Volatile Organics ◽  
X Ray

A simple system is described for the introduction of gases into standard X-ray diffraction capillaries mounted in situ in the X-ray beam of laboratory X-ray diffraction instruments. This system retains many of the advantages of the standard Norby cell, but does not require custom machining and has less stringent space restrictions. The system has been used to study the crystallization and interaction of volatile organics at cryogenic temperatures, but gas–solid interactions could also be studied at elevated temperatures using this approach.

Transformation of ferrihydrite to hematite: anin situinvestigation on the kinetics and mechanisms

2008 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. P. Vu ◽  
S. Shaw ◽  
L. G. Benning
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Growth Mechanism ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Time Resolved ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Resolution Electron ◽  
Stage Process

AbstractThe kinetics and mechanisms of the transformation of 2-line ferrihydrite (FH) to hematite (HM), in the presence of Pb at elevated temperatures and high pH condition, were elucidated using synchrotron-based,in situenergy dispersive X-ray diffraction (EDXRD). The time-resolved diffraction data indicated that HM crystallization occurred via a two-stage process. Based on the EDXRD data, combined with high-resolution electron microscopic images, an aqueous-aided 2D growth mechanism is proposed for both HM crystallization stages.

In Situ High-Energy X-Ray Diffraction Studies of Melting, Solidification and Solid-State Transformation of Ni3Sn

MRS Advances ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (29-30) ◽  
pp. 1529-1535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rijie Zhao ◽  
Jianrong Gao ◽  
Yang Ren
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cubic Phase ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
State Transformation ◽  
Solid State Transformation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Melting And Solidification

AbstractMelting, solidification and solid-state transformation of the intermetallic Ni3Sn compound were investigated in situ using synchrotron high-energy X-ray diffraction. It was observed that the compound undergoes a hexagonal to cubic transition before melting. In solidification, a disordered cubic phase crystallizes from the liquid at a large undercooling but it is reordered prior to bulk solidification. In melting and solidification, forced or natural flows are active bringing about significant changes of crystal orientations. These in situ observations provided insights into phase transformations of Ni3Sn at elevated temperatures and their roles in formation of metastable microstructure consisting of coarse grains and subgrains.

Investigation of the self-discharge behaviors of the LiMn2O4 cathode at elevated temperatures: in situ X-ray diffraction analysis and a co-doping mitigation strategy

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (21) ◽  
pp. 13364-13371 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Tang ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
Miao Bai ◽  
Weiwei Wu ◽  
Shaowen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Mitigation Strategy ◽  
The Self ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Co Doping ◽  
Limn2o4 Cathode

The lithium ion re-intercalated into the LiMn2O4 lattice during self-discharge.

Effects of NaBH4 Additions on Hydrogen Absorption by Nanostructured FeTi Powders

2008 ◽  
Vol 587-588 ◽  
pp. 921-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sofia F. Marques ◽  
Raquel A. Silva ◽  
Jose Brito Correia ◽  
Nobumitsu Shohoji ◽  
Carmen M. Rangel
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Absorption ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Reaction Products ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Gas Atmosphere ◽  
Scanning Electron

FeTi intermetallic powders are very promising media for reversible hydrogen storage. However, difficult activation treatments including annealing at elevated temperatures in high pressure H2 gas atmosphere are mandatory. In the present work nanostructured FeTi powders were produced and activated in situ at room temperature using mechanical alloying/milling (MA/MM) of pure metallic constituents, Fe and Ti, added with sodium borohydride. The resultant powders, FeTiHx, already H2 pre-charged, absorbed a significant amount of H2 but require optimization for reversible absorption/desorption. This system has one of the highest volumetric storage capacities and can be produced at low cost. Several parameters of the as-milled powders were controlled. The phase constitution of the reaction products was characterized by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy and the absorption isotherms of the activated powders were determined.

scholarly journals The Transformation Mechanism of β Phase to ω-Related Phases in Nb-Rich γ-TiAl Alloys Studied by In Situ High-Energy X-Ray Diffraction

2013 ◽  
Vol 772 ◽  
pp. 85-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Stark ◽  
Michael Oehring ◽  
Florian Pyczak ◽  
Thomas Lippmann ◽  
Lars Lottermoser ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Transformation Mechanism ◽  
Quenching Rate ◽  
Repeated Heating ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Β Phase ◽  
Diffusion Controlled

In recent years intermetallic γ-TiAl based alloys with additional amounts of the ternary bcc β Ti(Al,Nb) phase attracted increasing attention due to their improved workability at elevated temperatures. Depending on alloy composition and heat treatment the ductile high-temperature β phase can transform to several ordered phases at lower temperatures. However, currently available phase diagrams of these multiphase alloys are quite uncertain and the precipitation kinetics of some metastable phases is far from understood. In the present study various transformation pathways of the third phase were observed in situ by means of high-energy X-ray diffraction using synchrotron radiation. A Ti-45Al-10Nb (at.%) specimen was subjected to a temperature ramp of repeated heating cycles (700 °C - 1100 °C) with subsequent quenching at different rates. Depending on the quenching rate reversible transformations of the B2-ordered βo phase to different ω-related phases were observed. The results indicate that the complete transformation from βo to hexagonal B82-ordered ωo consists of two steps which are both diffusion controlled but proceed with different velocities.

In Situ X-Ray Diffraction Analysis of Face-Centered Cubic Metals Deformed at Room and Cryogenic Temperatures

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 4658-4666
Author(s):  
Marcel Tadashi Izumi ◽  
John Jairo Hoyos Quintero ◽  
Maicon Rogerio Crivoi ◽  
Milene Yumi Maeda ◽  
Ricardo Sanson Namur ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Face Centered Cubic ◽  
Cryogenic Temperatures ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cubic Metals ◽  
Face Centered

scholarly journals In situ high-energy X-ray diffraction investigation of the micromechanical behavior of Fe-0.1C-10Mn-0/2Al steel at room and elevated temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 729 ◽  
pp. 444-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghe Zhang ◽  
Qing Tan ◽  
Jie Ding ◽  
Haiyang Chen ◽  
Fangmin Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
High Energy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray
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