Emissions prediction of an aero-piston gasoline engine during surveillance flight of an unmanned aerial vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Dinc ◽  
Murat Otkur
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Test Data ◽  
Gasoline Engine ◽  
Exhaust Emissions ◽  
Piston Engine ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fuel Flow ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Ground Test ◽  
Mission Profile

Purpose The purpose of this study is to perform the preliminary design, flight performance and exhaust emissions calculations of a piston engine powered unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) during a flight cycle which consists of multiple flight altitudes and airspeeds. Design/methodology/approach A genuine computer model in Matlab/Simulink was developed to predict the size and weight of UAV and piston engine (using Avgas 100LL fuel) performance together with exhaust emissions in an iterative process. Findings The amount of emitted exhaust gases including carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides were calculated in a typical UAV mission profile as a whole and also divided into mission flight segments. Research limitations/implications Emissions were calculated based on fuel flow and engine speed inputs based on ground test data for emission indices. Test data for emission indices was very limited. Practical implications As UAV utilization has been increasing around the world, this study presents important and noticeable results on the emissions that need to be considered for environmental purposes. Originality/value In literature, emission prediction studies for UAVs are very rare. In fact, UAVs typically have quite different flight speeds and altitudes than regular manned aircraft and emissions change with speed and altitude. Additionally, unlike manned aircraft, UAVs can fly more than 24 h with different operation characteristics. The originality of this study presents the emission predictions of a piston engine UAV which flies with a significantly different mission profile than a manned aircraft.

Responsibly regulating the civilian unmanned aerial vehicle deployment in India and Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anjan Chamuah ◽  
Rajbeer Singh
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Innovative Work ◽  
Trust Responsibility

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to describe the evolving regulatory structures of the civilian unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in India and Japan, not yet fully developed to regulate the deployment of the UAV. India and Japan are at the forefront to overhaul the respective regulatory framework to address issues of accountability, responsibility and risks associated with the deployment of UAV technologies. Design/methodology/approach In-depth interviews are conducted both in Japan and India to gather primary data based on the snowball sampling method. The paper addresses questions such as what is the current scenario of civilian UAV deployment in India and Japan. What are the regulation structures for Civil UAV deployment and operation and how they differ in India and Japan? What are the key regulatory challenges for Civil UAV deployment in India? How regulation structure enables or inhibits the users and operators of Civil UAVs in India? What are mutual learnings concerning UAV regulations? Findings Findings reveal that the Indian regulations address issues of responsibility by imparting values of privacy, safety, autonomy and security; Japanese regulation prefers values of trust, responsibility, safety and ownership with more freedom to experiment. Originality/value The study on civilian UAV regulatory framework is a new and innovative work embedded by the dimensions of responsibility and accountability from a responsible innovation perspective. The work is a new contribution to innovation literature looked at from regulatory structures. Field visits to both Japan and India enrich the study to a new elevation.

Vision-based pose estimation of a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 120-132
Author(s):  
Kashish Gupta ◽  
Bara Jamal Emran ◽  
Homayoun Najjaran
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Processing System ◽  
Training Procedure ◽  
Autonomous Landing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Landing Platform ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Autopilot Systems ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to facilitate autonomous landing of a multi-rotor unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on a moving/tilting platform using a robust vision-based approach. Design/methodology/approach Autonomous landing of a multi-rotor UAV on a moving or tilting platform of unknown orientation in a GPS-denied and vision-compromised environment presents a challenge to common autopilot systems. The paper proposes a robust visual data processing system based on targets’ Oriented FAST and Rotated BRIEF features to estimate the UAV’s three-dimensional pose in real time. Findings The system is able to visually locate and identify the unique landing platform based on a cooperative marker with an error rate of 1° or less for all roll, pitch and yaw angles. Practical implications The proposed vision-based system aims at on-board use and increased reliability without a significant change to the computational load of the UAV. Originality/value The simplicity of the training procedure gives the process the flexibility needed to use a marker of any unknown/irregular shape or dimension. The process can be easily tweaked to respond to different cooperative markers. The on-board computationally inexpensive process can be added to off-the-shelf autopilots.

Design and analysis of a feedback loop to regulate the basic parameters of the unmanned aircraft

2018 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-328
Author(s):  
Marcin Chodnicki ◽  
Katarzyna Bartnik ◽  
Miroslaw Nowakowski ◽  
Grzegorz Kowaleczko
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Feedback Control ◽  
Rapid Prototyping ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Pid Controller ◽  
Control Object ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Feedback Control System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Purpose The motivation to perform research on feedback control system for unmanned aerial vehicles, a fact that each quadrocopter is unstable. Design/methodology/approach For this reason, it is necessary to design a control system which is capable of making unmanned aerial vehicle vertical take-off and landing (UAV VTOL) stable and controllable. For this purpose, it was decided to use a feedback control system with cascaded PID controller. The main reason for using it was that PID controllers are simple to implement and do not use much hardware resources. Moreover, cascaded control systems allow to control object response using more parameters than in a standard PID control. STM32 microcontrollers were used to make a real control system. The rapid prototyping using Embedded Coder Toolbox, FreeRTOS and STM32 CubeMX was conducted to design the algorithm of the feedback control system with cascaded PID controller for unmanned aerial vehicle vertical take-off and landings (UAV VTOLs). Findings During research, an algorithm of UAV VTOL control using the feedback control system with cascaded PID controller was designed. Tests were performed for the designed algorithm in the model simulation in Matlab/Simulink and in the real conditions. Originality/value It has been proved that an additional control loop must have a full PID controller. Moreover, a new library is presented for STM32 microcontrollers made using the Embedded Coder Toolbox just for the research. This library enabled to use rapid prototyping while developing the control algorithms.

Model predictive control of an unmanned aerial vehicle

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Halit Firat Erdogan ◽  
Ayhan Kural ◽  
Can Ozsoy
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Predictive Control ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Control Effort ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Multiple Input ◽  
Predictive Controller ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Mimo Model

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to design a controller for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). Design/methodology/approach In this study, the constrained multivariable multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) model predictive controller (MPC) has been designed to control all outputs by manipulating inputs. The aim of the autopilot of UAV is to keep the UAV around trim condition and to track airspeed commands. Findings The purpose of using this control method is to decrease the control effort under the certain constraints and deal with interactions between each output and input while tracking airspeed commands. Originality/value By using constraint, multivariable (four inputs and seven outputs) MPC unlike the relevant literature in this field, the UAV tracked airspeed commands with minimum control effort dealing with interactions between each input and output under disturbances such as wind.

Autonomous performance maximization of research-based hybrid unmanned aerial vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 645-651
Author(s):  
Sezer Çoban
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Performance Optimization ◽  
Flight Trajectory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lateral Dynamics ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Improved Design ◽  
Autopilot Systems ◽  
First Time ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the autonomous performance optimization of a research-based hybrid unmanned aerial vehicle (i.e. HUAV) manufactured at Iskenderun Technical University. Design/methodology/approach To maximize the autonomous performance of this HUAV, longitudinal and lateral dynamics were initially obtained. Then, the optimum magnitudes of the autopilot system parameters were estimated by considering the vehicle’s dynamic model and autopilot parameters. Findings After determining the optimum values of the longitudinal and lateral autopilots, an improved design for the autonomously controlled (AC) HUAV was achieved in terms of real-time flight. Practical implications Simultaneous improvement of the longitudinal and lateral can be used for better HUAV operations. Originality/value In this paper, the autopilot systems (i.e. longitudinal and lateral) of an HUAV are for the first time simultaneously designed in the literature. This helps the simultaneous improvement of the longitudinal and lateral flight trajectory tracking performances.

Exact laser beam positioning for measurement of vegetation vitality

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 532-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Lindner ◽  
Oleg Sergiyenko ◽  
Moises Rivas-López ◽  
Daniel Hernández-Balbuena ◽  
Wendy Flores-Fuentes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Beam ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Laser Energy ◽  
Vision System ◽  
Field Of View ◽  
Continuous Control ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Dc Motors ◽  
Aerial Vehicle

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a novel application for a newly developed Technical Vision System (TVS), which uses a laser scanner and dynamic triangulation, to determine the vitality of agriculture vegetation. This vision system, installed on an unmanned aerial vehicle, shall measure the reflected laser energy and thereby determine the normalized differenced vegetation index. Design/methodology/approach The newly developed TVS shall be installed on the front part of the unmanned aerial vehicle, to perform line-by-line scan in the vision system field-of-view. The TVS uses high-quality DC motors, instead of previously researched low-quality DC motors, to eliminate the existence of two mutually exclusive conditions, for exact positioning of a DC motor shaft. The use of high-quality DC motors reduces the positioning error after control. Findings Present paper emphasizes the exact laser beam positioning in the field-of-view of a TVS. By use of high-quality instead of low-quality DC motors, a significant reduced positioning time was achieved, maintaining the relative angular position error less than 1 per cent. Best results were achieved, by realizing a quasi-continuous control, using a high pulse-width modulated duty cycle resolution and a high execution frequency of the positioning algorithm. Originality/value The originality of present paper is represented by the novel application of the newly developed TVS in the field of agriculture. The vitality of vegetation shall be determined by measuring the reflected laser energy of a scanned agriculture zone. The paper’s main focus is on the exact laser beam positioning within the TVS field-of-view, using high-quality DC motors in closed-loop position control configuration.

The conceptual view of unmanned aerial vehicle implementation as a mobile communication node of active data transmission network

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 174-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Kuleshov ◽  
Alexandra A. Zaytseva ◽  
Alexey Y. Aksenov
Keyword(s):  
Communication Network ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Data Transmission ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Group Control ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Data Communication Network ◽  
Active Data

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose the basis for the unification of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) group control protocols for the fast deployment of communication network on territories unsuitable for stationary nodes placement. Design/methodology/approach The paper proposes the application of active data (AD) conception in which the data exist in a form of executable code allowing data packets to control its own propagation through network. The implementation is illustrated for some scenarios of UAV data communication network deployment, i.e., transmission of the AD using navigation functions and dynamic reconfiguration of the nodes. Findings The conception of AD expands the range of possible UAV group operations due to on-the-fly adaptation abilities to changes in existing or forthcoming group behavior protocols. This allows the real-time change of data transmission formats, frequency ranges, modulation types, radio network topologies which, in turn, provides the ability to dynamically form the special data transmission networks from a general purpose device temporarily reconfiguring them for data transmission task between transmitter and receiver beyond radio visibility range. Practical implications The paper includes use cases for some situation of UAV data communication network deployment. Originality/value The paper aims to expand the UAV group control principles by implementing by rapid adaptation to changes in existing or forthcoming group behavior protocols.

Quantum-entanglement pigeon-inspired optimization for unmanned aerial vehicle path planning

2018 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siqi Li ◽  
Yimin Deng
Keyword(s):  
Path Planning ◽  
Quantum Entanglement ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Quantum Effect ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Stable Performance ◽  
Vehicle Path ◽  
Planning Problems

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose a new algorithm for independent navigation of unmanned aerial vehicle path planning with fast and stable performance, which is based on pigeon-inspired optimization (PIO) and quantum entanglement (QE) theory. Design/methodology/approach A biomimetic swarm intelligent optimization of PIO is inspired by the natural behavior of homing pigeons. In this paper, the model of QEPIO is devised according to the merging optimization of basic PIO algorithm and dynamics of QE in a two-qubit XXZ Heisenberg System. Findings Comparative experimental results with genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization and traditional PIO algorithm are given to show the convergence velocity and robustness of our proposed QEPIO algorithm. Practical implications The QEPIO algorithm hold broad adoption prospects because of no reliance on INS, both on military affairs and market place. Originality/value This research is adopted to solve path planning problems with a new aspect of quantum effect applied in parameters designing for the model with the respective of unmanned aerial vehicle path planning.

scholarly journals Sizing of a Turboprop Engine Powered High Altitude Unmanned Aerial Vehicle and It`s Propulsion System for an Assumed Mission Profile in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol vm01 (is01) ◽  
pp. 5-8
Author(s):  
Ali Dinç
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Forest Fires ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Aircraft Design ◽  
Propulsion System ◽  
Target Cost ◽  
Turboprop Engine ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Mission Profile

In this study, preliminary sizing of a turboprop engine powered high altitude unmanned aerial vehicle and it`s propulsion system for an assumed mission profile in Turkey was performed. Aircraft mission profile is one of the most important design inputs in aircraft design. While the aircraft is dimensioned according to the requirements in the specification (useful payload, range, target cost, etc.), parameters such as cruise altitude and speed within the mission profile affect the engine type, power level, fuel quantity, and therefore the overall dimensions and total weight of the aircraft. The unmanned aerial vehicle with turboprop engine investigated in this study, can stay in the air for at least 24 hours at high altitude (40000 ft) and can be used for border surveillance, coast control, forest fires and land exploration.

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