Accuracy in Determining Aircraft Position by Terrestrial Radio Navigation

The main objective of terrestrial radio navigation is position determination. In this study, the accuracy of the distance measurement, distance difference measurement, and integrated angle measurement/distance measurement terrestrial radio navigation methods is investigated. in order to calculate the position errors, simulations for the aircraft flight dynamics were carried out, and the obtained position values were compared with the actual values. The aircraft position determination methods were evaluated in the sense of accuracy. The position determination method with better accuracy was determined by comparing the absolute errors of the examined methods. Simulation and error analysis shows that the distance difference method is superior and gives more accurate position results. It was observed that the distance measurement method errors were smaller than the errors of the integrated angle measurement/distance measurement method.

Aerospace Industry and Aluminum Metal Matrix Composites

Researchers have turned to search for new materials that will meet all the aerospace industry requirements. When it is almost impossible to achieve this with a single material, composite materials have been studied, and there have been great developments in this field. Many elements are used in aircraft construction, but aluminum is the most preferred due to its low density, good castability, high strength, corrosion resistance, and good fatigue strength. However, its strength and stiffness limit its usability. To solve this problem, aluminum is combined with various elements. Aluminum metal matrix composites are an example of this. Aluminum metal matrix composites are preferred in aircraft applications due to their high specific modulus and good mechanical and thermal properties. This review provides information on the use of aluminum metal matrix composite materials in the aerospace industry.

Ergonomic Risk Factors in Ground Handling Operations to Improve Corporate Performance

Ground handling operations can be accepted as the heart of safe flight, beginning from the ground to the air. In ground handling activities where there is tight time pressure, human resources are of great importance in efficient and safe service. This study presents ergonomic risk factors affecting the operational and corporate performance of aircraft ground handling services. Ergonomic related performance fields are identified via expert opinion and a taxonomy focusing on classified error conditions for ground handling services. The taxonomy is developed to improve corporate performance while eliminating ergonomic risks and maintaining a safe working environment. Identified performance risks are intended to be a guide for operational managers in aircraft ground operations in the field of investments, decision making and safe operations.

Identification and Stochastic Optimizing the UAV Motion Control in Turbulent Atmosphere

In a class of diffusion Markov processes, we formulate a problem of identification of nonlinear stochastic dynamic systems with random parameters, multiplicative and additive noises, control functions, and the state vector at a final time moment. For such systems, the identifiability conditions are being studied, and necessary conditions are formulated in terms of the general theory of extreme problems. The developed engineering methods for identification and optimizing nonlinear stochastic systems are presented as well as their application for unmanned aerial vehicles under wind disturbances caused by atmospheric turbulence, namely, for optimizing the autopilot parameters during a rotary maneuver of an unmanned aerial vehicle in translational motion, taking into account the identification of its angular velocities.

Monitoring System of Vibroacoustic Parameters of a Working Zone

This article discusses the safety problems of the use of aviation technology associated with the influence of operational vibration of aircraft. The topical issue of timely detection and prevention of a dangerous state of critical machines and mechanisms is analyzed. Modern means of measuring vibration parameters, principles of measurement, as well as characteristics of the sensitive element of the measuring transducer, are considered. The block diagram and operation algorithm of the proposed system for monitoring vibroacoustic parameters, which is built on the basis of a piezoelectric transducer, is presented. This system can measure the parameters of noise and vibration and analyze the measured data, signal about exceeding the permissible ranges for human work, display the measured data. The advantage of the proposed system is the connection of the measuring channels with the mainboard using the Bluetooth module, which allows the sensors to measure noise and vibration to be placed in any part of the working area.

Developing an Approach for Fault Detection and Diagnosis of Angular Velocity Sensors

Angular velocity sensor detection and diagnosis become increasingly essential for the improvement of reliability, safety, and efficiency of the control system on aircraft. The classical methods for fault detection and diagnosis are limit or trend checking of some measurable output variables. Due to they do not give a deeper insight and usually do not allow a fault diagnosis, model-based methods of fault detection and diagnosis were developed by using input and output signals and applying dynamic process models. These approaches are based on parameter estimation, parity equations, or state observers. This paper presents an improvement method to build algorithm fault diagnosis for angular velocity sensors on aircraft. Based on proposed method, results of paper can be used in designed intelligent systems that can automatically fault detection on aircraft.

Air Quality Studies at Ukrainian Airports

Sustainability of aviation must be provided to limit the harmful influence and protect public health and the environment. As a rule, national and international regulations aim to reduce ambient air pollution from the aviation sector. Ukraine and other countries have historically adopted international regulations concerning air quality to protect public health and the natural environment. Local regulations also regulate it. However, these documents cover mainly stationary emission sources. In contrast, mobile sources, especially aircraft, are not considered, although, unlike most transportation modes, aircraft travel great distances at various altitudes, generating emissions that potentially impact air quality. This paper was aimed to study the principles and methods to monitor air pollution from aircraft engines at main airports of Europe, north America, and Asia. Based on measurement campaign analysis at some airports of the world and modelling results by complex model PolEmiCa (Pollution and Emission Calculation), the method and technical characteristics for measurement system detect the aircraft engine emissions. The developed practical recommendations were realised at Ukrainian airports and used for validation of model PolEmiCa. Thus, the modelling results for each engine are in good agreement with the results of measurements by the AC32M Nitrogen Oxides (NOX) analyser system due to considering the jet and plume-regime during an experimental investigation at Boryspol airport. Analysis of measured instantaneous concentration demonstrates a high correlation with the runway movements and take-off at Zhulyany airport.

Overview of Studies on the Cognitive Workload of the Air Traffic Controller

Air Traffic Control Officer (ATCO) will be the branch that will have the most impact in the air transport system. The duty of ATCOs is to prevent the collision of airplanes in the air provided by the controllers on the ground and to overcome the possible confusion. Being exposed to a very high cognitive workload of ATCOs, which is one of the high-risk occupational groups, is important in terms of flight safety. However, it has been observed that studies on the differences in cognitive workload that may occur between experienced and inexperienced ATCO under different task difficulties are quite insufficient in literature. This study presents research studies on cognitive workload measurement methods and ATCO's cognitive workload. In this study, first of all, the importance of determining the cognitive workload and its measurement methods are explained. In addition, literature studies related to cognitive workload of ATCOs, particularly by using eye tracker are presented.