Sustaining Tribal Fisheries: U.S. Economic Relief Policies during COVID-19

This article reviews the individual spend plans of U.S. states granted a funding allocation under Sec. 12005 of the Coronavirus Aid Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act to identify consistency with legislative mandates to support Tribal commercial, subsistence, cultural, or ceremonial fisheries negatively impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. Utilizing critical discourse analysis, this study identifies state discursive practices in supporting Tribal sovereignty in fisheries management for the advancement of Indigenous Ocean justice. State spending plans (n = 22) publicly available and submitted to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration before July 2021 were reviewed. Few of the state spend plans listed impacts to Tribal fisheries due to the pandemic. Only two state plans included Tribal consultation and direct economic relief for commercial, subsistence, cultural, and/or ceremonial losses faced by neighboring Tribes and Tribal citizens. Overall, the protections within the CARES Act for Tribal fisheries were not integrated into state spend plans. The article identifies best practices for state fisheries relief policy content that is affirming of Tribal fishing rights and uses them to help address the ongoing pandemic crisis facing Tribal fisheries. These findings have relevance for future emergency relief programs that are inclusive of Tribal Nations. Honoring Tribal sovereignty and the federal trust responsibility must be the cornerstone of shared sustainable fisheries.

Responsibly regulating the civilian unmanned aerial vehicle deployment in India and Japan

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to describe the evolving regulatory structures of the civilian unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) in India and Japan, not yet fully developed to regulate the deployment of the UAV. India and Japan are at the forefront to overhaul the respective regulatory framework to address issues of accountability, responsibility and risks associated with the deployment of UAV technologies. Design/methodology/approach In-depth interviews are conducted both in Japan and India to gather primary data based on the snowball sampling method. The paper addresses questions such as what is the current scenario of civilian UAV deployment in India and Japan. What are the regulation structures for Civil UAV deployment and operation and how they differ in India and Japan? What are the key regulatory challenges for Civil UAV deployment in India? How regulation structure enables or inhibits the users and operators of Civil UAVs in India? What are mutual learnings concerning UAV regulations? Findings Findings reveal that the Indian regulations address issues of responsibility by imparting values of privacy, safety, autonomy and security; Japanese regulation prefers values of trust, responsibility, safety and ownership with more freedom to experiment. Originality/value The study on civilian UAV regulatory framework is a new and innovative work embedded by the dimensions of responsibility and accountability from a responsible innovation perspective. The work is a new contribution to innovation literature looked at from regulatory structures. Field visits to both Japan and India enrich the study to a new elevation.

Macro- and meso-level contextual influences on health care inequities among American Indian elders

Background American Indian elders, aged 55 years and older, represent a neglected segment of the United States (U.S.) health care system. This group is more likely to be uninsured and to suffer from greater morbidities, poorer health outcomes and quality of life, and lower life expectancies compared to all other aging populations in the country. Despite the U.S. government’s federal trust responsibility to meet American Indians’ health-related needs through the Indian Health Service (IHS), elders are negatively affected by provider shortages, limited availability of health care services, and gaps in insurance. This qualitative study examines the perspectives of professional stakeholders involved in planning, delivery of, and advocating for services for this population to identify and analyze macro- and meso-level factors affecting access to and use of health care and insurance among American Indian elders at the micro level. Methods Between June 2016 and March 2017, we undertook in-depth qualitative interviews with 47 professional stakeholders in two states in the Southwest U.S., including health care providers, outreach workers, public-sector administrators, and tribal leaders. The interviews focused on perceptions of both policy- and practice-related factors that bear upon health care inequities impacting elders. We analyzed iteratively the interview transcripts, using both open and focused coding techniques, followed by a critical review of the findings by a Community Action Board comprising American Indian elders. Results Findings illuminated complex and multilevel contextual influences on health care inequities for elders, centering on (1) gaps in elder-oriented services; (2) benefits and limits of the Affordable Care Act (ACA); (2) invisibility of elders in national, state, and tribal policymaking; and (4) perceived threats to the IHS system and the federal trust responsibility. Conclusions Findings point to recommendations to improve the prevention and treatment of illness among American Indian elders by meeting their unique health care and insurance needs. Policies and practices must target meso and macro levels of contextual influence. Although Medicaid expansion under the ACA enables providers of essential services to elders, including the IHS, to enhance care through increased reimbursements, future policy efforts must improve upon this funding situation and fulfill the federal trust responsibility.

STRATEGI PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER SPIRITUALITAS KEAGAMAAN DAN CINTA TANAH AIR (Perspektif Filsafat Pendidikan Islam)

The globalization current is very influential towards the formation of one's character whether to be character or to be a character tuna. The issue is how to make someone character and avoid the character's tuna. For that, then what will be answered in this study is how the strategy of the character formation of religious spirituality and love of Homeland? What are the values that need to be attributed? The scientific approach used was the philosophy of Islamic education with an eclectic incorporative. The study is entirely a kind of qualitative research-a library with a variety of litertur related to the character. Data collection with documentation. Its analytical techniques (1) Content analysis, (2) Miles and Huberman (data collection, data reduction, data desplay, and data verification), and (3) data triangulation. Research results; First, the strategy of establishing religious spirituality characters and the love of Homeland is habituation, moral knowing, moral feeling, immorality, and repentance with the throne, Takhalli, Tahalli, and Tajalli. Secondly, the primary value implanted is religious spiritual. From this core value will give birth to the value of love of homeland, integrity (honesty-trust), responsibility, respect, humility, tolerance, social care, love of science, hard work, patience, self-reliant, and silaturrahim.

Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Kepemimpinan Islam dalam Organisasi Santri Pesantren (Penelitian di Pesantren Ibnu Siena Mulia Cikoneng Kabupaten Ciamis)

This study aims: (1) To find out how to plan the internalization of leadership values ​​through the Islamic Boarding School Ibnu Siena Mulia (OSPIS) santri organization. (2) To find out how the implementation of the internalization of leadership values ​​through the Islamic boarding school santri Ibnu Siena Mulia organization. (3) To find out how the results of the internalization of leadership values ​​through the Pesantren Ibnu Siena Mulia santri organization. This research is a qualitative field research. Data collection was carried out by using interview, observation and documentation techniques. The data analysis technique used is descriptive analysis. The results of this study indicate that: 1) Planning the internalization of leadership values ​​in the OSPIS Ibnu Siena Mulia Islamic Boarding School is carried out in 4 steps. The first step is the formation of the committee, the second step is the reporting of the old OSPIS committee, the third step is the election of the new OSPIS chairman, and the fourth step is the formation of the new OSPIS structure. 2) The internalization of leadership values ​​in the Ibnu Siena Mulia Islamic Boarding School OSPIS is carried out through the division of divisions with their respective main duties and functions. The internalization of leadership values ​​is carried out in five forms, namely lectures, education, uswah hasanah, training and the environment. 3) Internalization of leadership values ​​in the Ibnu Siena Mulia Islamic Boarding School OSPIS can be felt by the board and boarding school with the formation of an attitude of trust, responsibility, social spirit and good role models.

Manipulating the interpretation of political discourses

"Discourses usually convey their messages embedded in layers of meanings, which need decoding. Although everybody can understand the meaning, few see the power beyond the choice of words, sentence or discourse structure, and how easily interpretation can be manipulated according to the interests of the speaker. This paper aims to show how linguistic choices can lead to manipulation of emotions and attitudes according to social, cultural, and political contexts. By analysing two discourses from two different countries, Romania and UK, during the Covid pandemic, we concluded that in order to persuade people to obey the rules and maintain social distancing, the speakers made appropriate linguistic choices to manipulate feelings of trust, responsibility and national pride."

Indigenous Education and Leadership Challenges

The ability to effectively lead schools serving Indigenous students in the United States is contingent upon one’s ability and willingness to acknowledge and honor the cultural, linguistic, and tribal diversity of Indigenous peoples and communities, coupled with a commitment to abiding by the federal trust responsibility for the education of Indigenous peoples—a federal responsibility unique to American Indian and Alaska Native peoples. This also requires educational leaders to create and sustain educational environments that are culturally relevant and responsive and that respect the rights of Indigenous Peoples and their tribal nations to be involved in, and ultimately to determine, the educational pathways and futures of their tribal citizens.

Blockchain and Social Concepts: Exposure of the Problem Field

The article studies the influence of blockchain technology on the formation of semantic structures in the social world. The feature of this influence is that the usage of a decentralized distributed database challenges traditional forms of social interactions, serving as a catalyst for constituting social values without analogues in the social world. Because the concepts developed in classical social theory are used to describe these values, this requires an actualization of its thesaurus. In particular, the article studies the concepts of trust, responsibility, time, and mining in the context of the introduction of blockchain technology. Because the content of these concepts is open and developing, they are given the status of social concepts. The study uses the аctor-network theory as a theoretical and methodological basis. It lets us abandon conventions of common knowledge, and shows that these concepts are semantic nodes which emerge as trails (or links to trails) of the configured actions of actor-actants. In conclusion, the studied concepts are proposed to be used with the following meanings: (1) trust is confidence in algorithmized certainty processes and the actions of communication participants, and is based on the guarantees provided by decentralized information systems and on restricting freedom by subjecting anonymous collective identities; (2) responsibility is the personal willingness of participants to take actions in conditions of uncertainty, and to compensate risks; (3) block-time is the own-time of the technology of blocking, which characterizes the state of the protocol for the external observer. For the internal observer, block-time is chronological, since it fixes the timeless stability of the algorithm which connects blocks with each other; (4) mining is a kind of economic activity based on the synthesis of cryptographic technologies and the perception of archaic ideas about risk, luck, and wealth.