scholarly journals Why quadratic log-log dependence is ubiquitous and what next

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean R. Aguilar ◽  
Vladik Kreinovich ◽  
Uyen Pham
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Scale Invariance ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quadratic Dependence ◽  
Empirical Fact ◽  
Volcanic Data ◽  
Natural Scale

Purpose In many real-life situations ranging from financial to volcanic data, growth is described either by a power law – which is linear in log-log scale or by a quadratic dependence in the log-log scale. The purpose of this paper is to explain this empirical fact. Design/methodology/approach The authors use natural scale invariance requirements. Findings In this paper, the authors used natural scale invariance requirement to explain the ubiquity of quadratic log-log dependencies. The authors also explain what to do if quadratic log-log models turn out to be insufficiently accurate. In this case, scale-invariance requirements lead to dependencies which in the log-log scale take cubic, 4th order, etc. form. Originality/value To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first theoretical explanation of the empirical quadratic log-log dependence.

VIKOR power law-based customer-oriented FMEA with complete unique risk priority numbers

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Randula L. Hettiarachchi ◽  
Pisut Koomsap ◽  
Panarpa Ardneam
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Power Law ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Risk Priority Number ◽  
Effect Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Inherent Problem

PurposeAn inherent problem on risk priority number (RPN) value duplication of traditional failure modes and effect analysis (FMEA) also exists in two customer-oriented FMEAs. One has no unique value, and another has 1% unique values out of 4,000 possible values. The RPN value duplication has motivated the development of a new customer-oriented FMEA presented in this paper to achieve practically all 4,000 unique values and delivering reliable prioritization.Design/methodology/approachThe drastic improvement is the result of power-law and VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (VIKOR). By having all three risk factors in a power-law form, all unique values can be obtained, and by applying VIKOR to these power-law terms, the prioritization is more practical and reliable.FindingsThe proposed VIKOR power law-based customer-oriented FMEA can achieve practically all 4,000 unique values and is tested with two case studies. The results are more logical than the results from the other two customer-oriented FMEAs.Research limitations/implicationsThe evaluation has been done on two case studies for the service sector. Therefore, additional case studies in other industrial sectors will be required to confirm the effectiveness of this new customer-oriented RPN calculation.Originality/valueAchieving all 1,000 unique values could only be done by having experts tabulate all possible combinations for the traditional FMEA. Therefore, achieving all 4,000 unique values will be much more challenging. A customer-oriented FMEA has been developed to achieve practically all 4,000 unique risk priority numbers, and that the prioritization is more practical and reliable. Furthermore, it has a connection to the traditional FMEA, which helps explain the traditional one from a broader perspective.

Viewing organised crime and terrorist organisations through the financial threats they pose to society

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 940-950
Author(s):  
Thomas Ren
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Conceptual Models ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
Meaningful Difference ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Perspective ◽  
Enterprise Theory

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine whether there is a meaningful difference, viewed from a financial perspective, in distinguishing between organised crime and terrorist organisations, with regard to the control and mitigation of the threats that they pose to society. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses conceptual models obtained from enterprise theory and economics, as well as criminology, and makes use of case studies through the application of these models. Findings The paper finds that when viewed from a financial perspective, there is no meaningful difference in distinguishing between the groups because many have undergone processes of convergence and transformation, such that they assume each other’s operational and motivational characteristics. However, the answer also depends on how precisely one defines each type of illicit group as well as the transitions they undergo. Originality/value The value of this paper is that it applies two separate models on interactions between organised crime and terrorist organisations, the terror–crime continuum and interaction spectrum, to real life situations. After assessing their validity for more recent examples of such illicit groups, it then provides a balanced argument as to distinguishing between organised crime and terrorism. One limitation towards the paper’s originality, however, is that it draws mainly from pre-existing literature.

The future of HR is being BRAVE

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 186-192
Author(s):  
Wendy Silver
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Content Type ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The Future ◽  
Workplace Cultures ◽  
The Way

Purpose Organizations will need HR departments that take bold new approaches if they are to weather the uncertainty and changes on the horizon. This paper aims to discuss what makes an organization or a leader BRAVE, and examples of HR professionals and organizations leading the way are provided to help readers bravely shape their own organizations. Design/methodology/approach This paper draws upon various real-life examples of organizations whose HR departments are leading the way. Findings Organizations need BRAVE HR professionals and leaders to create, implement and communicate key initiatives to ensure companies make decisions that support workplace cultures that people choose to join and remain a part of. Originality/value No amount of technology can replace the forward-thinking thought, communication and action that being BRAVE requires. This paper will help HR professionals gain a braver perspective.

No Harm Done – dispelling myths, giving hope and practical help for young people, parents and professionals affected by self-harm

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 134-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Bush
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Parent Engagement ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Advice ◽  
Short Films ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
The Way

Purpose The No Harm Done films provide hope and give support to those affected by self-harm. The accompanying digital packs dispel myths, answer frequently asked questions, provide practical advice and signpost to further help and support. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach YoungMinds employed its sector-leading expertise in youth and parent engagement. Both the films and digital packs were co-created with young people, parents and professionals, reflecting their real-life experiences of self-harm. Findings The project responded to young people who self-harm telling us they feel isolated, alone, in need of hope and help to counteract the negative and frightening messages widely available online. Parents confided they also feel isolated and that it is their fault their child is harming themselves. Teachers told us they see the signs but cannot bring themselves to say anything, and even if they want to, they cannot find the words to reach out to young people. Originality/value Quote from a professional “I personally found the No Harm Done short films to be incredibly valuable resources for my practice with young people. The way the films have been produced will make it a lot harder for young people that I work with to judge the action of self-harm given that there are no graphic harming words/stories and the films themselves do not come across as triggering. I feel enthusiastic that these films will encourage understanding and empathy from peers and spark conversation enabling those who have no knowledge around self-harm to be more accepting, open and supportive of those who have issues with self-harm.”

scholarly journals Myths about HIV and AIDS among serodiscordant couples in Malawi

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-293
Author(s):  
Kondwani Wella ◽  
Sheila Webber ◽  
Philippa Levy
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Hiv And Aids ◽  
Serodiscordant Couples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Information Providers ◽  
Aids Information ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to report on research that uncovered myths about HIV and AIDS held by serodiscordant couples in Malawi, and the sources of these myths. The paper reflects on how the myths affect serodiscordant couples’ engagement with HIV and AIDS information. Design/methodology/approach Van Manen’s (1997) approach to analysis of phenomenological data was used to analyse data from in-depth interviews conducted in Malawi with 21 serodiscordant couples and three individuals who had separated from their partners because of serodiscordance. Findings Serodiscordant couples in Malawi believe and hold on to some inaccurate HIV and AIDS information that can be seen as “myths”. Some of these myths are perpetuated by official HIV and AIDS information when it is translated into the local languages. Other myths derive from social norms of the societies where the couples live. Practical implications The findings of this paper have practical implications for how HIV and AIDS information providers should engage with target audiences to understand the origins of the myths they hold. The findings also imply that some myths have technical, religious, moral and cultural bases which need to be addressed before challenging the myth itself. Originality/value Using real-life descriptions of experiences of HIV and AIDS information provided by serodiscordant couples, the authors reveal how myths can affect engagement with the information. The authors make recommendations on how to address myths in ways that contribute to a positive experience of HIV and AIDS information by serodiscordant couples.

scholarly journals Robots in special education: reasons for low uptake

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
Maria Jose Galvez Trigo ◽  
Penelope Jane Standen ◽  
Sue Valerie Gray Cobb
Keyword(s):  
Special Education ◽  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Children With Autism ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Learning Activities ◽  
Autism Spectrum Conditions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the main reasons for low uptake of robots in special education (SE), obtained from an analysis of previous studies that used robots in the area, and from interviewing SE teachers about the topic. Design/methodology/approach An analysis of 18 studies that used robots in SE was performed, and the conclusions were complemented and compared with the feedback from interviewing 13 SE teachers from Spain and the UK about the reasons they believed caused the low uptake of robots in SE classrooms. Findings Five main reasons why SE schools do not normally use robots in their classrooms were identified: the inability to acquire the system due to its price or availability; its difficulty of use; the low range of activities offered; the limited ways of interaction offered; and the inability to use different robots with the same software. Originality/value Previous studies focussed on exploring the advantages of using robots to help children with autism spectrum conditions and learning disabilities. This study takes a step further and looks into the reasons why, despite the benefits shown, robots are rarely used in real-life settings after the relevant study ends. The authors also present a potential solution to the issues found: involving end users in the design and development of new systems using a user-centred design approach for all the components, including methods of interaction, learning activities and the most suitable type of robots.

Characterization of lubrication of asymmetric rollers including thermal effects

2015 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 246-255
Author(s):  
Venkata Subrahmanyam Sajja ◽  
Dhaneshwar Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Thermal Effects ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Hydrodynamic Lubrication ◽  
Flow Equation ◽  
Theoretical Problem ◽  
Governing Equations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Mean

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to deal with the qualitative analysis of hydrodynamic lubrication of asymmetric rollers with non-Newtonian incompressible power law lubricants including Newtonian. Design/methodology/approach – The fluid flow governing equations such as equation of motion along with continuity and thermal equations are solved first analytically and investigated numerically by the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method. Findings – As a result of this work, it is found that there is a significant change in temperature, pressure, load and traction with Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. Research limitations/implications – The authors considered incompressible hydrodynamic lubrication of two rigid asymmetric rollers, one of them is assumed to be adiabatic. The convection term of the heat flow equation is taken in its average form. Originality/value – It is a theoretical problem of two heavily loaded rigid cylindrical rollers with cavitations, where the consistency of the power law lubricant is assumed to vary with pressure and the mean film temperature. It has not appeared in the literature.

Who is vulnerable? Adult social care and modern slavery

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Craig ◽  
Stephen Clay
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Care ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Modern Slavery ◽  
History Of ◽  
Forced Labour ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The 2015 Modern Slavery Act focusses attention forms of modern slavery (human trafficking and forced labour), within the UK. The contemporaneous 2014 Care Act, identifies modern slavery as a new form of risk within adult social care, listing forms of abuse and vulnerability. However, it does not consider whether those providing care may themselves be vulnerable to forms of modern slavery. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach The authors describe the history of the development of modern slavery legislation in the UK, outline key provisions of the Care Act, illustrated with real-life cases. The analysis suggests that adult social care – characterised by informality, fragmentation and vulnerability – is one where instances of modern slavery may be more common than considered to date. Findings The data collected, though relatively modest, suggests that a thorough investigation should be undertaken into the possibility of modern slavery taking place within the realm of adult social care. Research limitations/implications Data have been collected through a snowball process, rolling out a survey to relevant groups of individual and organisations. A more rigorous investigation is required to examine the extent of modern slavery within adult social care. Practical implications The training of those responsible for the regulation/management of adult social care needs to ensure that they are fully equipped to understand the nature of modern slavery and how to identify its symptoms and victims. Social implications There is also a need for heightened awareness of those close to people being cared for that they may also identify the symptoms of modern slavery. Originality/value This area has not been explored to date.

The two sides of CEO pay injustice: a commentary

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-96
Author(s):  
Albert Cannella ◽  
Valerie Sy
Keyword(s):  
Power Law ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Ceo Compensation ◽  
Power Law Distribution ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Compensation Process ◽  
Ceo Pay ◽  
Two Sides ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Research Domain

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend discussions in the CEO compensation research domain. Specifically, this paper provides a critical analysis of the power law conceptualization and pay injustice contribution by Aguinis, Martin, Gomez-Mejia, O’Boyle and Joo. Design/methodology/approach This commentary addresses statistical and theoretical issues of the power law distribution with respect to prior compensation research and offers additional perspectives on the issue of CEO pay deservingness. Findings The power law is worth investigating further, but more attention should be paid to outliers and fit to the distribution. Stronger theory is needed for using the power law to explain CEO compensation phenomena, especially regarding standard firm performance measures and anomalies in the compensation process. Finally, “injustice” and “deservingness” in discussions of CEO pay exist in the eye of the beholder. Originality/value This paper offers additional considerations for scholars to explore when applying the power law distribution to compensation research.

scholarly journals Is it fair that advanced workers get paid disproportionally more: economic analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kosheleva ◽  
Sean R. Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Equal Pay ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Labor Share ◽  
Additional Payments ◽  
Empirical Fact ◽  
Strong Disagreement ◽  
Equal Work ◽  
The One ◽  
Negative Feelings

PurposeOn the one hand, everyone agrees that economics should be fair, that workers should get equal pay for equal work. Any instance of unfairness causes a strong disagreement. On the other hand, in many companies, advanced workers – who produce more than others – get paid disproportionally more for their work, and this does not seem to cause any negative feelings. In this paper, the authors analyze this situation from the economic viewpoint.Design/methodology/approachTo analyze the problem, the authors use general mathematical models of how utility – and hence, decisions – depends on the pay-per-unit.FindingsThe authors show that from the economic viewpoint, additional payments for advanced workers indeed make economic sense, benefit everyone, and thus – in contrast to the naive literal interpretation of fairness – are not unfair. As a consequence of this analysis, the authors also explain why the labor share of the companies' income is, on average, close to 50% – an empirical fact that, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, was never previously explained.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first paper that explains the empirical fact – that the labor share of the income is close to 50%.

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