Global brands or local heroes?: evidence from the Spanish beer market

2015 ◽  
Vol 117 (2) ◽  
pp. 565-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Calvo Porral ◽  
Jean-Pierre Levy-Mangin
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Global Brands ◽  
Global Brand

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate how consumers perceive and evaluate local and global brands – in a developed mature European market. Design/methodology/approach – For this purpose, four dimensions and two consequences of brand equity are evaluated, based on consumers’ standpoint. Structural equation modeling is carried out in order to analyze results obtained. Findings – The findings suggest that brand loyalty, brand image and perceived quality exert the higher influence on consumers’ brand value; while there are relevant differences in consumer’s assessment toward local and global brands. Originality/value – This study provides local and global brand marketers with further specific knowledge on how to market and enhance their brands’ value in a globalized increasingly competitive world.

Brand equity, satisfaction, and switching costs

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Galina Biedenbach ◽  
Maria Bengtsson ◽  
Agneta Marell
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Switching Costs ◽  
Professional Services ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Marketing Managers

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of satisfaction and switching costs on the development of brand equity in the business-to-business (B2B) setting. The study considers the hierarchical effects between brand awareness, brand associations, perceived quality, and brand loyalty. Furthermore, the conceptual model examines the direct effect of switching costs on satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – Structural equation modeling was used to analyze 632 responses from the CEOs and CFOs of organizations buying auditing and business consultancy services from one of the Big Four auditing companies. Findings – The findings demonstrate the significant impact of satisfaction and switching costs on brand equity in the B2B setting. Furthermore, the findings show the positive effect of switching costs on satisfaction. Research limitations/implications – The study is conducted in the professional services context. Future research can examine whether the observed effects can be found in other B2B settings and considering various B2B services and industrial goods. Practical implications – The study contributes to marketing managers’ understanding of how marketing actions aimed to increase satisfaction can affect brand equity. Marketing managers are provided with insights and evidence on how switching costs can impact satisfaction and brand equity. Originality/value – The study tests a unique conceptual model focussing on the causal relationships between four dimensions of brand equity, satisfaction and switching costs. The findings provide a strong foundation for further investigation of links between the key marketing concepts: brand equity, satisfaction, and switching costs.

Brand cocreation and immersion: the link between sense of brand community and attitude toward a brand

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulya Acikgoz ◽  
Asli D.A. Tasci
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Brand Trust ◽  
Brand Community ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Global Brands ◽  
Number Of Customers ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe current study aims to develop a comprehensive model of cocreation and immersion/engagement for café brands as well as their antecedent and consequences in a café brand context. Inherently involving highly socially involving consumption settings, cafés are particularly conducive to brand cocreation.Design/methodology/approachThe current study tested a model of these relationships by analyzing data from customers of a local café and those of a global café, Starbucks, situated in the same town, Karakoy, in Istanbul, Turkey. Data from 241 respondents were analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to test the model of the study.FindingsResults show that sense of brand community is a powerful predictor of cocreation and brand immersion, which are also important antecedents of attitude toward a brand including, cognitive, affective and conative dimensions. Results also revealed slight differences between the local and global brands in terms of brand cocreation's influence on brand trust and loyalty.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is conducted with a limited number of customers of two cafés in a city in Turkey. Future research with the customers from other locations of these cafés, especially the multinational customers of the international café brand is needed to retest the model for its validity.Practical implicationsThe significant differences between ratings of local and global café brands are positive news for local and traditional cafés that are losing considerable market share to their global competitors. Strategic cocreation implementations can be used to instill special and robust relationships with consumers.Originality/valueThe study provides evidence that in highly socially dynamic brand contexts, such as café brands, brand community is a critical predictor of cocreation and brand immersion, which then affect attitude toward a brand with cognitive, affective and conative dimensions, reflected in brand trust, brand love, satisfaction with the brand, brand commitment and brand loyalty.

scholarly journals After-sales services, brand equity and purchasing intention to buy second-hand product

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Danish Habib ◽  
Muhammad Arslan Sarwar
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Marketing Manager ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Purchasing Intention ◽  
Brand Credibility ◽  
Willingness To Buy ◽  
Survey Responses

Purpose This study aims to examine the concept of brand equity and willingness to buy second-hand products in the automobile context. The customer-based brand equity model is used as a theoretical lens to examine after-sales services, brand credibility and brand loyalty as drivers of brand equity and willingness to buy the second-hand product. Design/methodology/approach A survey questionnaire based on convenience sampling is used to collect the data from the car owners. A total of 433 survey responses were used to empirically test the measures and propositions by using structural equation modeling (SEM). Findings The findings suggest that after-sales services are a key factor in developing brand credibility and brand loyalty. Results are also in support of the positive and significant impact of brand credibility and brand loyalty on brand equity and willingness to buy second-hand products. Originality/value Brand equity represents a differential response and preference to marketing efforts that a product obtains as a result of its brand identification. Although practitioners are actively engaged to position themselves as a unique, attractive and strong brand, little is known about the equity of the brand in the case of second-hand products. This study provides an alternate branding view to the academic scholars and to the marketing manager as this study explicitly probes into the effect of after-sales services in developing brand credibility, brand loyalty, brand equity and wiliness to buy second-hand product as an outcome.

How do consumers perceive old brands? Measurement and consequences of brand oldness associations

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Huaman-Ramirez ◽  
Nada Maaninou ◽  
Dwight Merunka ◽  
Véronique Cova
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Brand Attachment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Credibility

Purpose This paper aims to focus on brand oldness associations and their measurement. Research on brand age points to a variety of interpretations concerning perceived brand oldness and establishes the existence of multiple positive consequences such as brand credibility, trust or attachment. However, the complexity and measurement of brand oldness associations are not yet well-established. This paper proposes a reliable and valid measurement scale of the concept. Design/methodology/approach The research follows a rigorous scale-development procedure based on eight empirical studies, with a total of 2,065 respondents. The data were analyzed through covariance-based structural equation modeling. Findings The scale consists of 18 items and six dimensions, namely, decline, expertise, maintenance, reminiscence, timelessness and tradition. Results demonstrate an effect of brand oldness associations on both brand attachment and brand equity. Research limitations/implications The research was conducted in one country (France). Additional studies in other settings or countries should be carried out to establish generalizability of results and strengthen causality inferences. Originality/value This is the first research to study the notion of brand oldness associations. This study identifies its dimensions, develops a measurement scale and demonstrates its reliability and validity.

Influences of the spokes-character on brand equity antecedents

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 494-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
En-Chi Chang
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Brand Awareness ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Secondary Association ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Brand Association ◽  
Asian Market

Purpose – To draw attention to the importance of the spokes-character to marketing communications and a company's branding strategy, this exploratory study attempts to suggest a scale for measuring the spokes-character perception and to explore the relationships among the spokes-character perception and brand equity antecedents, i.e. brand awareness, brand association, perceived quality and brand loyalty, in the context of a retail brand. The purpose of this paper is to encourage the discussion about spokes-characters’ functions in marketing and branding, particularly in the Asian market. Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through a survey among university students in Taiwan. The survey questionnaire was based on the literature on spokes-characters and on the available scales of consumer-based brand equity. Data were analyzed by using structural equation modeling. Findings – The results in this study show that the spokes-character perception is properly reflected by likability, relevance and expertise and likability is the most salient attribute. The spokes-character perception influences brand awareness/association and perceived quality, which in turn influence brand loyalty. Research limitations/implications – This study suggests that likability, relevance and expertise are proper constructs connoting the spokes-character perception and verifies the influence of the spokes-character, as a source of secondary association, on brand equity antecedents, i.e. brand awareness/association, perceived quality and brand loyalty. This study also finds that the spokes-character serves as a cue of perceived quality. Practical implications – The suggested scale provides marketers with an instrument for measuring consumers’ perception of a potential spokes-character. Besides, when the advertiser or the marketer designs a spokes-character, the character should not only be likable, but also be relevant and show expertise relating to the endorsed brand. Originality/value – This study hopes to encourage more discussions about the utilization of the spokes-character in the Asian market because the discussion about how the spokes-character works in this market is still scant. This study also provides empirical evidence for the influence of a secondary association, i.e. the spokes-character, on brand equity antecedents.

The relationship between marketing mix and retailer-perceived brand equity

IMP Journal ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 192-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wita Efanny ◽  
Jony Haryanto ◽  
Muhammad Kashif ◽  
Hanif Adinugroho Widyanto
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Distribution Strategy ◽  
Push And Pull ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Business To Business

Purpose A huge investment launching the marketing program is made by the manufacturers to establish brand loyalty with retailers and other supply chain partners; however, what is the impact of these efforts on retailer-perceived brand equity (RPBE) is scarcely investigated in a business-to-business (B2B) context. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of Nu Green – a brand of tea as a manufacturer’s marketing efforts on RPBE. Design/methodology/approach Based on the positivist paradigm, the authors followed a survey-based approach to collect data from 125 retailers of Nu Green Tea brand from Indonesia. The collected data were rigorously analyzed by means of structural equation modeling. Findings The results reveal that elements of marketing efforts such as supplier image, distribution strategy, and push and pull promotions have a significant impact on the RPBE of Nu Green. Originality/value This research extends the understanding of retail marketing in a B2B context by investigating the impact of marketing efforts on RPBE.

What makes followers loyal? The role of influencer interactivity in building influencer brand equity

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 803-814
Author(s):  
Sunghee Jun ◽  
Jisu Yi
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Brand Equity ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Emotional Attachment ◽  
Brand Trust ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to present a mechanism that explains how followers become loyal to social media influencers. It suggests influencer interactivity as a unique feature of influencer brands and investigates how it affects influencer authenticity, emotional attachment, and thus brand loyalty. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey of 282 social media users was conducted to estimate the conceptual model. Participants were asked to respond to the survey questions based on their perceptions of a specific influencer they follow on social media. The relationships among variables were tested via structural equation modeling. Findings The findings show that influencer interactivity is positively related to influencer authenticity and emotional attachment. Influencer authenticity mediates the effect of interactivity on emotional attachment and directly affects brand trust. Furthermore, the results demonstrate that followers’ emotional attachment to influencer brands increases brand loyalty through brand trust. Originality/value This study is the first to approach influencers as a brand, rather than a brand endorser. Specifically, this study conceptualizes the influencer brand’s interactivity and finds a link between influencer interactivity and the followers’ perception of influencer authenticity. It discusses why influencer interactivity and authenticity play key roles in shaping influencer brand equity. This study contributes to both the human brands and the influencer marketing literature by proposing a model to understand how the brand equity of the influencer brand is formed.

Creating consumer-based brand equity for customers by brand experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1443-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
Davood Feiz ◽  
Hadi Moradi
Keyword(s):  
Brand Equity ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Brand Experience ◽  
Ideal Self ◽  
Content Type ◽  
West Azerbaijan ◽  
Staff Behavior ◽  
Brand Satisfaction

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of brand experience on brand equity dimensions in the perspective of customers (including brand identification, physical quality, staff behavior quality, brand awareness, ideal self-congruence and life style-congruence) on brand satisfaction and loyalty in Iranian banking industry. Design/methodology/approach The author designed the conceptual model of the research based on the existing relationships between the research variables and the proposed hypotheses. By a questionnaire, the opinion of 288 customers and clients of selected branches of Melli and Tejarat banks were collected in two Provinces, including East and West Azerbaijan Provinces. The research hypotheses were tested using structural equation modeling. Findings The results of the paper showed that the brand experience directly affected all dimensions of brand equity. Also, the results indicated that except for lifestyle congruence, other dimensions of equity directly affected the customers' brand satisfaction. Originality/value This paper is significant, because it addresses the experience relationships and brand equity with the perspective of the customers of banks in an Islamic country, which affects the development of branding literature.

Consumers’ self-congruence with a “Liked” brand

2017 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elaine Wallace ◽  
Isabel Buil ◽  
Leslie de Chernatony
Keyword(s):  
Social Relations ◽  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Tie Strength ◽  
Brand Love ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Image

Purpose Brand “Likes” on Facebook facilitate self-expression, forming part of consumers’ virtual selves. Yet, consumers’ brand “Likes” may bear little resemblance to their material realities. This paper aims to test similarities of brand image with self-image for Facebook “Likes” to determine whether self-congruence with a “Liked” brand leads to positive offline brand outcomes. It also investigates whether consumers’ perceptions about their Facebook social relations influence self-congruent brand “Likes”. Design/methodology/approach A large-scale survey was conducted of regular Facebook users who “Liked” brands. Data from 438 respondents was analysed and hypotheses tested using structural equation modeling. Findings Empirical results show that the perceived self-congruence with a “Liked” brand increases with social tie strength. Perceived social tie strength is informed by perceived attitude homophily. When the perceived self-congruence with a “Liked” brand is higher, brand love and word of mouth (WOM) are enhanced. Consumers also have greater brand loyalty and offer more WOM when brands are loved. Research limitations/implications Findings demonstrate the influence of consumers’ cognitive network on “Likes” and brand outcomes. Further replication would enhance generalisability. Future research should use a wider sample and investigate other variables. Practical implications Findings support managers seeking to grow and analyse Facebook “Likes” by providing insights into brand loyalty, brand love and WOM for “Liked” brands. Originality/value The paper addresses the dearth of research exploring how consumers’ perceptions of their Facebook network influence their online brand behaviour and how perceived self-congruence with a “Liked” brand relates to brand outcomes.

Place attachment and brand loyalty: the moderating role of customer experience in the restaurant setting

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Boadi Nyamekye ◽  
Diyawu Rahman Adam ◽  
Henry Boateng ◽  
John Paul Kosiba
Keyword(s):  
Brand Loyalty ◽  
Place Attachment ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Place Dependence ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Moderating Role

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to ascertain the effects of place attachment on brand loyalty. This study further ascertains whether the effects of emotion-based attachment on brand loyalty are stronger for customers who have a positive experience with a restaurant brand. Additionally, the authors investigate whether emotion-based attachment mediates the relationships between identity-based attachments, place dependence and brand loyalty in the restaurant setting.Design/methodology/approachThe authors administered the questionnaire to customers (diners) of restaurants in Ghana, and they were completed via a paper and pencil/pen approach. The authors tested their hypotheses using structural equation modeling.FindingsThe findings show that identity-based and emotion-based attachment enhances brand loyalty within a restaurant setting. The results also show that place dependence attachment promotes emotional bonding with restaurant brands. The study's findings also show that place dependence attachment does not have a direct and positive significant effect on brand loyalty except when an emotional response is produced.Originality/valuePlace attachment studies in a restaurant setting are rare. This study thus contributes to the place attachment literature in restaurants setting.

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