scholarly journals Seismic assessment of low ductile RC structures: buildings from before the modern seismic codes

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 1282-1307
Author(s):  
João Dias-Oliveira ◽  
H Rodrigues ◽  
Humberto Varum
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
Time History ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Seismic Assessment ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Infill Panels ◽  
Non Linear

Purpose – When a numerous amount of buildings was built in reinforced concrete, in a period when the regulations did not have the design philosophy for the occurrence of earthquakes, it is of extreme importance to carry out full and effective structural assessments, specially considering and comparing bare frame and infilled structure. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Among several possibilities to make the evaluation as, simplified, linear analysis and static non-linear analysis, the non-linear dynamic can provide the most accurate numerical behaviour compared to the real one. The time-history non-linear analyses are developed on the software SeismoStruct for different levels of intensity. Local verifications are then applied separately from both Eurocode and Italian Code. Findings – The application of validated models for the analysis of real buildings allows a complete seismic assessment. The level of uncertainty increases integrating particularities regarding the infill masonry walls. The paper shows important global and local seismic safety for these complex typology of buildings. Originality/value – A representative common concrete structure without seismic provisions is first analysed and discussed in terms of global behaviour, deformations and progression of forces. The case study structure is considered both as bare structure and with integrated infill panels. It is also discussed in a local level, about brittle and ductile mechanisms, and extra comparisons between different interpretations of different standards. The case study structure is considered both as bare structure and with integrated infill panels.

scholarly journals Record-to-record variability and code-compatible seismic safety-checking with limited number of records

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Jalayer ◽  
Hossein Ebrahimian ◽  
Andrea Miano
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Time History ◽  
Time History Analysis ◽  
Seismic Safety ◽  
Hazard Curve ◽  
History Analysis ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Seismic Hazard Curve ◽  
Cloud Analysis

AbstractThe Italian code requires spectrum compatibility with mean spectrum for a suite of accelerograms selected for time-history analysis. Although these requirements define minimum acceptability criteria, it is likely that code-based non-linear dynamic analysis is going to be done based on limited number of records. Performance-based safety-checking provides formal basis for addressing the record-to-record variability and the epistemic uncertainties due to limited number of records and in the estimation of the seismic hazard curve. “Cloud Analysis” is a non-linear time-history analysis procedure that employs the structural response to un-scaled ground motion records and can be directly implemented in performance-based safety-checking. This paper interprets the code-based provisions in a performance-based key and applies further restrictions to spectrum-compatible record selection aiming to implement Cloud Analysis. It is shown that, by multiplying a closed-form coefficient, code-based safety ratio could be transformed into simplified performance-based safety ratio. It is shown that, as a proof of concept, if the partial safety factors in the code are set to unity, this coefficient is going to be on average slightly larger than unity. The paper provides the basis for propagating the epistemic uncertainties due to limited sample size and in the seismic hazard curve to the performance-based safety ratio both in a rigorous and simplified manner. If epistemic uncertainties are considered, the average code-based safety checking could end up being unconservative with respect to performance-based procedures when the number of records is small. However, it is shown that performance-based safety checking is possible with no extra structural analyses.

When innocence is no protection: governance failure of digitization and its impact on local level implementation

2022 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luthfi Ramadani ◽  
Amalia Yovadiani ◽  
Fitriyana Dewi
Keyword(s):  
Postcolonial Theory ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Local Actors ◽  
Governance Practice ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Southern City ◽  
Municipal Health

Purpose Governance of e-government is rarely discussed in the initial digitization stage, especially in developing countries where the government’s focus is mainly to pursue rapid proliferation of digital adoption rather than to implement governance. This study aims to explore the consequences of this absence of governance at local level conditions. Design/methodology/approach An in-depth exploratory case study is conducted at a municipal health government in a southern city in Kalimantan Island, Indonesia, examining the conditions of local actors in response to various nationwide health digitization imperatives. The postcolonial theory with the critical paradigm is used to interpret and conceptualize the empirical findings. Findings This study identifies two critical failures of digitization governance that represent the mainstream condition: horizontal sectoral ego and vertical asymmetry and misalignment. These failures have resulted in undesirable consequences at the subalterns indicated by diverse ambivalence and de-voiced constructs displayed by the local actors. Practical implications This paper suggests that various issues that emerge from local level implementation in nationwide digitization agenda might not always be issues of local technology adoption, but rather negative impacts due to the absence of governance practice at the strategic level. Originality/value Through a critical perspective, this study unearths the underlying power and structural inequity responsible for generating the various issues and undesirable consequences that emerge at local levels related to the nationwide digitization agenda.

Build back better concepts for resilient recovery: a case study of India’s 2018 flood recovery

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shankar Neeraj ◽  
Sandeeka Mannakkara ◽  
Suzanne Wilkinson
Keyword(s):  
Local Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Decision Makers ◽  
Community Recovery ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Effective Implementation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post Disaster

Purpose This paper aims to understand the recovery process after the 2018 floods in Kerala, India, and it determines whether the recovery efforts were aligned with Build Back Better (BBB) concepts. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative approach was adopted to collect the data from the officials of Government and NGOs involved in Kerala recovery. The participants were interviewed on the challenges faced during the recovery process and the actions taken by them to overcome it. Findings The study identified that the Kerala Government was proactive at making the community resilient from future disasters by – encouraging owner-driven reconstruction among flood-affected households; supporting locals to rejuvenate their business; and by creating a local-level recovery authority. Further, this paper identifies the areas that Kerala was lacking in terms of BBB and where resilience-based plans and actions are needed for the future. Research limitations/implications The participants were employees of Government and NGOs at a state level as they were the primary decision-makers to implement any recovery actions. Researchers believe that the authorities at district and village level could have had a different perspective towards implementing the recovery actions. Practical implications The best practices presented in this paper for effective BBB will assist the government to build/improve resilience in the community. Originality/value The implementation of BBB concepts in the areas of disaster risk reduction, community recovery and effective implementation was never studied extensively. The research provides valuable information on what extent Kerala’s post-disaster recovery and reconstruction activities were in-line with BBB practices.

Threshold behavior of optimal safety stock coverage in the presence of extended production disruptions

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-458
Author(s):  
Jürgen Strohhecker ◽  
Andreas Größler
Keyword(s):  
Case Study Research ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Inventory Level ◽  
Threshold Behavior ◽  
Safety Stock ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Scenario Analyses ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Performance Effects

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of extended production disruptions because of process quality breakdowns on operational and financial performance. The investigation is conducted over the market cycle of a highly profitable product, e.g. a patented pharmaceutical. In particular, the study evaluates performance effects of different inventory level policies. The paper considers different degrees of availability of a substitute product. Design/methodology/approach The study uses simulation experiments based on system dynamics methodology to derive inventory policies on handling infrequently happening but severe production process breakdowns. The simulation model is inspired by empirical case study research and is based on standard modeling formulations from the literature. Findings The scenario analyses show that the optimal level of safety stock coverage time depends in a highly non-linear manner on various economic parameters and shows threshold behavior. Research limitations/implications In subsequent studies, the effect of the degree of backlogging and the effect of the repeated occurrence of quality breakdowns on the results can be investigated. Practical implications The critical importance of safety stock and its non-linear relationship to economic product characteristics is emphasized. Originality/value Motivated by a real-world case study, the paper uses standard model formulations to derive insights for a specific business situation after considering uncertainty in the environment.

Experimental study on condition assessment of reinforced concrete structure using a dynamics response approach

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-101
Author(s):  
Chun Pong Sing ◽  
P.E.D. Love ◽  
P.R. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Natural Frequency ◽  
Time Domain ◽  
Damping Ratio ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Rc Structures ◽  
Random Decrement ◽  
Rc Structure ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Linear Damping

Purpose – Condition assessment on reinforced concrete (RC) structures is one of the critical issues as a result of structure degradation due to aging in many developed countries. The purpose of this paper is to examine the sensitivity and reliability of the conventional dynamic response approaches, which are currently applied in the RC structures. The key indicators include: natural frequency and damping ratio. To deal with the non-linear characteristics of RC, the concept of random decrement is applied to analyze time domain data and a non-linear damping curve could be constructed to reflect the condition of RC structure. Design/methodology/approach – A full-scale RC structure was tested under ambient vibration and the impact from a rubber hammer. Time history data were collected to analyze dynamics parameters such as natural frequency and damping ratio. Findings – The research demonstrated that the measured natural frequency is not a good indicator for integrity assessment. Similarly, it was revealed that the traditional theory of viscous damping performed poorly for the RC with non-linear characteristics. To address this problem, a non-linear curve is constructed using random decrement and it can be used to retrieve the condition of the RC structure in a scientific manner. Originality/value – The time domain analysis using random decrement can be used to construct a non-linear damping curve. The results from this study revealed that the damage of structure can be reflected from the changes in the damping curves. The non-linear damping curve is a powerful tool for assessing the health condition of RC structures in terms of sensitivity and reliability.

Developing IT-enabled performance monitoring system for green logistics: a case study

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepti Chhabra ◽  
Rajesh Kr Singh ◽  
Vikas Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Monitoring System ◽  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Performance Monitoring ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Green Logistics ◽  
Time Saving ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Green Performance

PurposeLogistics companies are compelled to improve their efficiency and the environmental performance by introducing the green concept in their operations. The main purpose of the paper is to have continuous monitoring and tracking of logistics operations to enhance the green performance.Design/methodology/approachThis research uses a case study approach. It illustrates a monitoring system to digitize the logistics activities by sending real-time GPS data to the server and capture the surrounding pictures with the help of the internet of things (IoTs) based camera. Data generated through digitization is mathematically analyzed for ensuring a green logistic system. The alerts due to the halts, help in keeping a check on fuel consumption, carbon emissions and security of logistics. Performance indicators such as carbon emissions and the value of travel time saving (VTTS) are selected for the study.FindingsThe findings of the study show that the actual travel time and distances are higher than the estimated travel time and distances. It also reveals that actual travel routes with diversions involve a considerably higher amount of carbon emissions during all sample travels. The results indicate a considerable saving in terms of carbon emissions, time and cost savings by effective practices of Green Logistics in Monitoring system (MSGL). These findings can help the top management of logistics companies in formulating effective strategies for technology applications in logistic operations to ensure green performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe study has been carried out under certain set of conditions, which may vary depending upon the organizations. Also certain more environmental dimensions for performance monitoring can be used as a future scope of study. Further studies also need to be carried out to widen the scope of the MSGL model at a global level rather than only at local level.Originality/valueAny organization which deploys transportation as part of their activity can use this MSGL model and then do the mathematical analysis to reduce the CO2 emissions, reduce the time and extra cost. The value of this study lies in the fact that government is trying different methods and models to reduce pollution. This MSGL should be made compulsory by the government as a part of their policies for environment of the country.

Citizen engagement in South Africa: the case Prince Albert

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-244
Author(s):  
Vinitha Siebers
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Citizen Engagement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Engagement Process ◽  
South African Constitution

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to gain insight in how South African local governments organize citizen engagement. The new South African constitution provides ways to construct and implement citizen engagement at local level. However, understanding citizen engagement at local level is still a challenge and municipalities search for proper structures and mechanisms to organize citizen engagement efficiently. Design/methodology/approach Interviews with different municipal actors were analyzed using a single case study method. As a primary unit of analysis, a specific project in which citizen engagement is organized was used. In addition, document analysis and a focus group were used to deepen understanding. Findings The findings reveal that citizen engagement is a viable strategy to identify the needs of the community if facilitated by a third party and that learning leadership is important when organizing citizen engagement. Originality/value The value of this research is the exploration of the citizen engagement process. It sheds light on the conditions that play a role when a local government organizes citizen engagement. As local governments search for ways to effectively organize and structure citizen engagement, insight into these conditions is helpful.

scholarly journals Hollowing out national agreements in the NHS? The case of “Improving Working Lives” under a “Turnaround” plan

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 145-159
Author(s):  
Ian Roper ◽  
David Etherington ◽  
Suzan Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Performance Management ◽  
Local Level ◽  
National Level ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Employee Relations ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Working Lives ◽  
The Face

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider the resilience of a national-level initiative (Improving Working Lives (IWL)) in the face of local-level initiative (Turnaround) in an NHS hospital and compare to Bach and Kessler’s (2012) model of public service employment relations. Design/methodology/approach Case study research consisting of 23 in-depth semi-structured interviews from a range of participants. Findings The principles behind IWL were almost entirely sacrificed in order to meet the financial objectives of Turnaround. This indicates the primacy of localised upstream performance management initiatives over the national-level downstream employee relations initiatives that form the basis of the NHS’ claim to model employer aspiration. Research limitations/implications The case study was conducted between 2007 and 2009. While the case study falls under previous government regime, the dualised system of national-level agreements combined with localised performance management – and the continued existence of both Turnaround and IWL – makes the results relevant at the time of writing. Originality/value Some studies (e.g. Skinner et al., 2004) indicated a perception that IWL was not trusted by NHS staff. The present study offers reasons as to why this may be the case.

On a mixed time integration procedure for non-linear structural dynamics

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 329-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Rui Tiago Arruda ◽  
Dragos Ionut Moldovan
Keyword(s):  
Time Domain ◽  
Equations Of Motion ◽  
Time Integration ◽  
Linear Analysis ◽  
Integration Scheme ◽  
Decomposition Technique ◽  
Modal Decomposition ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Time Domain

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report the implementation of an alternative time integration procedure for the dynamic non-linear analysis of structures. Design/methodology/approach – The time integration algorithm discussed in this work corresponds to a spectral decomposition technique implemented in the time domain. As in the case of the modal decomposition in space, the numerical efficiency of the resulting integration scheme depends on the possibility of uncoupling the equations of motion. This is achieved by solving an eigenvalue problem in the time domain that only depends on the approximation basis being implemented. Complete sets of orthogonal Legendre polynomials are used to define the time approximation basis required by the model. Findings – A classical example with known analytical solution is presented to validate the model, in linear and non-linear analysis. The efficiency of the numerical technique is assessed. Comparisons are made with the classical Newmark method applied to the solution of both linear and non-linear dynamics. The mixed time integration technique presents some interesting features making very attractive its application to the analysis of non-linear dynamic systems. It corresponds in essence to a modal decomposition technique implemented in the time domain. As in the case of the modal decomposition in space, the numerical efficiency of the resulting integration scheme depends on the possibility of uncoupling the equations of motion. Originality/value – One of the main advantages of this technique is the possibility of considering relatively large time step increments which enhances the computational efficiency of the numerical procedure. Due to its characteristics, this method is well suited to parallel processing, one of the features that have to be conveniently explored in the near future.

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