Thermographic signs of certain diseases of the respiratory system (acute sinusitis, pneumonia) Thermography Atlas

The present issue focuses on the practice of medical thermal imaging in patients with paranasal sinusitis and pneumonia. The description of thermograms is based on a quantitative analysis of temperature gradients and trends in temperature of different body regions (Projection «head front» for paranasal sinusitis, «breast front» and «back», in a defined layout formed in «cloud» thermograms analysis program "Tvision" of «Dignosis», Russia) with values of thermographic markers that demonstrated their differentiating capabilities when compared with reference methods. Thus, the thermographic conclusion is formed not simply by thermal phenomenon «hot-cold», but on the basis of numerical values of markers, which indicate hypothetical nosological diagnosis and significantly simplifies the algorithm for those physicians who use this method as an additional. The publication is intended for doctors of any speciality who, in their daily clinical practice, treat the patients with suspicions disease of respiratory system

Solar Dome Integration as Technical New in Water Desalination: Case Study Morocco Region Rabat-Kenitra

In order to improve distillate water, this paper presents a study of the solar dome system that is considered as one of the most important economical solutions in the domain of drinking water production. For this, a mathematical model was built from equations describing the optical and thermal phenomenon involved in this process. The concentration of radiation and the heat flow were simulated in each 0.1m² of the dome which using the metrological parameters of Morocco’s region Rabat-Salé-Kenitra. The results can follow the evolution of the temperature of glass, salt water, point dew temperature, saturation pressure and evaporation rate as well as humidity reached in August month for the study zone. For this, a numerical implementation on Matlab and Ansys are compared with measurements for the same parameters showed in the domain study of single slope. The comparison results are more significant by the rise of the ray concentration rate reached until 99% if the inclination angle of the heliostat divided into three intervals. The saturation pressure increases as long as with the rate of evaporation and the humidity that produces ordinary daily fresh water.

Research on Influence of Exhaust Characteristics and Control Strategy to DOC-Assisted Active Regeneration of DPF

For the purpose of designing a reasonable control strategy for DOC-assisted DPF regeneration, a mathematical model that describes the thermal phenomenon both in a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC) and diesel particulate filter (DPF) during regeneration is developed. All boundary conditions of this model are obtained by experiments. The effects of the main exhaust parameters such as exhaust mass flow rate, exhaust temperature, oxygen concentration and emission of reactants are investigated comprehensively. The effects of two main parameters of control strategy, DOC-out temperature and soot loading, are analyzed as well. To quantify the effects of relevant parameters, the fuzzy grey relational analysis method is utilized to evaluate the correlation coefficient of all factors to key indexes of DPF regeneration such as maximum temperature, maximum rate of temperature increase and regeneration duration. The results of this work will greatly reduce the complexity of analysis and enable more rational control strategy design of DOC–DPF regeneration systems.

Sequential Photodamage Driven by Chaotic Systems in NiO Thin Films and Fluorescent Human Cells

A laser ablation process assisted by the feedback of a sensor with chaotic electronic modulation is reported. A synchronous bistable logic circuit was analyzed for switching optical signals in a laser-processing technique. The output of a T-type flip-flop configuration was employed in the photodamage of NiO films. Multiphotonic effects involved in the ablation threshold were evaluated by a vectorial two-wave mixing method. A photoinduced thermal phenomenon was identified as the main physical mechanism responsible for the nonlinearity of index under nanosecond irradiation at 532 nm wavelength. Comparative experiments for destroying highly transparent human cells were carried out. Potential applications for developing hierarchical functions yielding laser-induced controlled explosions with immediate applications for biomedical photothermal processes can be contemplated.

Improving School Transition Spaces Microclimate to Make Them Liveable in Warm Climates

The so-called urban heat islands (UHI) is a thermal phenomenon characterized by higher air temperatures in the urban area than in rural surroundings. Vernacular passive strategies such as courtyards are proved to be useful to generate specific microclimates, especially in the warmer regions of the Earth. Courtyards increase the porosity of the cities, understanding porosity as building voids. Accordingly, their study will be fundamental in reducing the UHI effect by generating urban cooling microislands. This paper aims to analyze two passive strategies capable of modifying the thermal effect of radiation inside the courtyard of two school buildings: albedo and vegetation. In this regard, two case studies were assessed, both of them located in the city of Seville. Results show that the temperature in these spaces can vary up to 7 °C depending on the albedo, which confirms the importance of detecting an optimal albedo factor. In addition, data showed a significant increase in the thermal delta (TD), courtyard versus outdoor temperature, after the installation of a vegetal facade. Accordingly, both strategies will be fundamental in locations affected by climate change, especially considering that they are not only effective cooling strategies but also relatively easy to implement in the building’s refurbishment process.

Hydrothermal Enhancement of Horizontal Ground Source Heat Pump

This study investigates a novel method for controlling the thermal conductivity of soil to enhance the performance of a horizontal ground source heat pump (GSHP). The method calls for irrigation lines to be buried in parallel with the ground pipes for the distribution of water in the area around the pipes thereby contributing to and controlling the soil’s moisture content. The controlled distribution of water within the porous soil promotes heat paths improving the performance of the GSHP system based on the transient seasonal spatial-temporal conditions. A computational fluid dynamics model of the porous soil is developed to simulate the hydro-thermal phenomenon over a short duration (40 hours) during winter conditions. The model is employed to investigate the heat transfer rate between the ground and pipes when the soil’s moisture content is modified and how this affects performance.

Development of Effective Momentum Model for Steam Injection Through Multi-Hole Spargers Using a Condensation Region Approach

The Pressure Suppression Pool (PSP) in a Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) is served as a heat sink to prevent containment over-pressure. The steam can be injected through the multi-hole spargers. The development of thermal stratification where a thermocline with a large temperature gradient appears in the pool can lead to the higher pressure in the dry well compared with completely mixing pool conditions. Prediction of the thermal phenomenon in the pool is necessary for the support of system design and operation. Thus, the Effective Heat Source (EHS) and Effective Momentum Source (EMS) models have been proposed. The models can be applied to CFD code by using (i) source terms in the transport equations or (ii) using respective boundary conditions at the Steam Condensation Region (SCR). Previous validation against PPOOLEX and PANDA tests using the source terms approach faced challenges in momentum distribution. Therefore, a preliminary investigation of using the second method was performed. The encouraging results implied that it is possible to further develop this approach. The goal of this work is to further develop the EHS/EMS models for the steam injection through a multi-hole sparger through the SCR model (i.e approach (ii)) and to validate it against the experimental data obtained from PANDA HP5 tests. Modeling guidelines are proposed. The temperature evolutions and vertical velocity profiles of these tests are compared to the simulation results. The agreement suggests that this model can provide an adequate estimation of the pool behavior.

Comparison of the reluctance laminated and solid rotor synchronous machine operating at high temperatures

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a comparison between reluctance synchronous machine-enabling work at high internal temperature (HT° machine) with laminated and solid rotor. Design/methodology/approach To obtain heat sources for the thermal model, calculations of the electromagnetic field were made using the Opera 3D program including effect of rotation and the resulting eddy current losses. To analyse the thermal phenomenon, the 3D coupled thermal-fluid (CFD) model is used. Findings The presented results show clearly that laminated construction is much better from a point of view of efficiency and temperature. However, solid construction can be interesting for high speed machines due to their mechanical robustness. Research limitations/implications The main problem, despite the use of parallel calculations, is the long calculation time. Practical implications The obtained simulation and experimental results show the possibility of building a machine operating at a much higher ambient temperature than it was previously produced for example in the vicinity of the aircraft turbines. Originality/value The paper presents the application of fully three-dimensional coupled electromagnetic and thermal analysis of new machine constructions designed for elevated temperature.

Transport of Entropy Waves Within a High Pressure Turbine Stage

This paper presents the results of an experimental study on the transport of entropy waves within a research turbine stage, representative of the key aero-thermal phenomenon featuring the combustor-turbine interaction in aero-engines. The entropy waves are injected upstream of the turbine by a dedicated entropy wave generator (EWG) and are released in axial direction; they feature circular shape with peak amplitude in the center and exhibit sinusoidal-like temporal evolution over the whole wave area. The maximum over-temperature amounts to 7% of the undisturbed flow, while the frequency is 30 Hz. The entropy waves are released in four azimuthal positions upstream of the stage, so to simulate four different burner-to-stator blade clocking. Time-resolved temperature measurements were performed with fast microthermocouples (FTC); the flow and the pressure field upstream and downstream of the stator and the rotor was measured with five-hole pneumatic probes and fast-response aerodynamic pressure probes. The entropy waves are observed to undergo a relevant attenuation throughout their transport within the stator blade row, but they remain clearly visible at the stator exit and retain their dynamic characteristics. In particular, the total temperature distribution appears severely altered by burner-stator clocking position. At the stage exit, the entropy waves loose their coherence, appearing spread in the azimuthal direction to almost cover the entire pitch in the outer part of the channel, while being more localized below midspan. Despite the severe and unsteady interaction of the entropy waves within the rotor, they retain their original dynamic character. A comparison with measurements performed by injecting steady hot streaks is finally reported, remarking both differences and affinities. As a relevant conclusion, it is experimentally shown that entropy waves can be proficiently simulated by considering a succession of hot streaks of different amplitude.