Risk and resilient architectural practices in informal settlements – the role of NGOs

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 276-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nuno Martins ◽  
Aline Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Informal Settlement ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innovative Methods ◽  
Self Help ◽  
Community Mapping ◽  
Slum Upgrading ◽  
Building Community ◽  
Incremental Housing

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the role played by small-size non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in slum upgrading, building and incremental housing processes in Brazil and Guinea-Bissau, focusing, in particular, on actions to reduce vulnerabilities and enhance community resilience. Design/methodology/approach The research method relied on literature review and fieldwork. It included surveys, activities with the communities, interviews and questionnaires. The data collected were subject to cross-disciplinary and comparative analysis. Findings The paper analyses the innovative methods and solutions used by NGOs in informal settlement upgrading and housing improvement works related to disaster risk reduction, namely, community mapping and design, and show how they end up building community resilience. Research limitations/implications Grasping the impacts of NGOs’ work whether in slums of Brazil or Africa requires staying with communities for a significant amount of time. However, those stays raise many practical problems regarding security, health and related costs. Originality/value The existing literature misses to address from a comparative perspective, the methods used by social workers and designers teams in slums. This paper aims at filling this gap in slum studies. Its originality and value rely on the particular experience of the authors, who were personally involved in the NGOs actions and could deepen the connections between vulnerabilities, risk and successful aid-self-help practices.

The Role of For-Profit Firms in Disaster Management: A Typology

2021 ◽  
pp. 027614672110201
Author(s):  
Swapan Deep Arora ◽  
Anirban Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Disaster Management ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Sustained Development ◽  
For Profit ◽  
State Initiative ◽  
Marketing Orientation ◽  
Disaster Studies ◽  
Building Community ◽  
Multiple Levels

Contemporary existence presents a duality of sustained development and recurrent disasters. Whereas disaster studies have closely examined public policy and state initiative, the role of for-profits is under-explored. Stakeholder theory and its integration with marketing orientation provide a theoretical underpinning for understanding the behavior of firms across contingencies, including disasters. Accordingly, we traverse the range of actions that these market entities exhibit in aiding disaster management and develop a comprehensive typology. The current COVID-19 pandemic provides a context for illustrating the practical exemplar actions as mapped to the proposed typology. We add to theory by examining the role of marketing philosophy and for-profits in tackling disasters at multiple levels: from micro-aspects of maintaining relations with specific stakeholders to the macro-objective of building community resilience. Further, the proposed typology helps practice and research by highlighting the range of firms' responses contributing to disaster management and building community resilience.

scholarly journals What lies beyond social capital? The role of social psychology in building community resilience to climate change.

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evangelos Ntontis ◽  
John Drury ◽  
Richard Amlôt ◽  
Gideon James Rubin ◽  
Richard Williams
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Social Psychology ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Building Community

Social enterprise, sustainability and community in post-earthquake Christchurch

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy Berno
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Local Food ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Social Entrepreneurs ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Local Food System ◽  
Building Community ◽  
Post Disaster

Purpose Since 4 September 2010, the greater Christchurch region has endured a series of destructive earthquakes. As a result, food resilience, as a component of community resilience, has become highly relevant. This paper aims to explore the role of social entrepreneurs and the local food system in building community resilience. Design/methodology/approach Using a quasi-case study method, four social enterprise food initiatives are presented to illustrate conceptually how these local food systems contribute to community resilience in the post-earthquake context in Christchurch. Findings The results suggest that a generation of social entrepreneurs have emerged, giving rise to networked local food system initiatives that share the common goals of building multiple and unique forms of capital (human, social, natural, financial and physical). In doing so, they have contributed to creating conditions that support community resilience as both a process and an outcome in post-earthquake Christchurch. Research limitations/implications This research included only four enterprises as the case study, all located in central Christchurch. As such, the results are indicative and may not represent those found in other contexts. Practical implications The research suggests that social entrepreneurs make a significant contribution to both enhancing food security and building community resilience post-disaster. How policy infrastructure can empower and enable entrepreneurs’ post-disaster warrants further consideration. Social implications Collectively, the four enterprises included in the research were found to have created local solutions in response to local problems. This embeddedness with and responsiveness to the community is a characteristic of resilient communities. Originality/value Post-earthquake Christchurch is a living laboratory in relation to understanding community resilience. The processes by which it is occurring, how it is sustained over time and the shapes it will take in the future in such a dynamic environment are not yet understood. This paper contributes to understanding local food systems as part of this process.

Harnessing informal education for community resilience

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shihui Feng ◽  
Liaquat Hossain ◽  
Douglas Paton
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Informal Education ◽  
Implementation Strategies ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Social Activities ◽  
Community Settings ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Building Community ◽  
Disaster Education

Purpose Disaster education is considered as a newly emerging area of research and practice, which promotes community-based educational approaches for building resilience. Given the atypical nature of these disturbances, people and communities need to develop the knowledge required to anticipate and understand what they could have to contend with and proactively develop strategies that can minimize their risk and afford ways to cope with and adapt to adverse situations in an effective manner. The purpose of this paper is to suggest that informal education resulting from daily activities related to work, family life, or leisure can be harnessed to develop disaster resilience within community settings. Design/methodology/approach This conceptual paper provides the discussion and synthesis of literature covering community resilience, disaster risk reduction (DRR) and informal education. In doing so, this study proposes a conceptual framework and implementation strategies for harnessing informal education in building community resilience. Findings To harness informal disaster education for community resilience, the authors suggest a conceptual framework and four implementation strategies with the corresponding implications: cultivate social environment for conversations, discussions, reflections and learning; design social activities for promoting and encouraging informal learning; appropriate interventions by informal educators in social activities; and transparent resources and channels for information and social supports. A compilation of a number of community-based DRR practices involving civil society organizations has been incorporated in the proposed framework for exemplifying informal disaster education for community resilience. Originality/value Promoting informal education in community settings is aimed at building community resilience in a collective way, which is especially important in disaster-prone areas. Informal education for community resilience not only educates individuals how to deal with disasters, but also connects individuals together to be more resilient in their ability to cope or bounce back from adverse events in their life.

The Role of Disaster Entrepreneurship in Building Community Resilience

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 (1) ◽  
pp. 12614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina K. Linnenluecke ◽  
Brent A McKnight
Keyword(s):  
Community Resilience ◽  
Building Community

scholarly journals Health-Care Services as a Platform for Building Community Resilience among Minority Communities: An Israeli Pilot Study during the COVID-19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7523
Author(s):  
Odeya Cohen ◽  
Alaa Mahagna ◽  
Asmaa Shamia ◽  
Ortal Slobodin
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Primary Health Care ◽  
Health Care Services ◽  
Community Resilience ◽  
Minority Communities ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Primary Health ◽  
Suburban Community ◽  
Building Community

Background: Previous studies of minority groups in times of emergency have tended to focus on risk reduction or on individual resilience, overlooking the community factors that could be bolstered to promote better health and safety outcomes. The current study aimed to examine the role of health-care services in the perceived community resilience of urban and suburban Arab communities in Israel during the COVID-19 outbreak. Method: The study included 196 adults age 17–76 years, who filled out on-line questionnaires in May 2020; 112 participants lived in an urban community and 84 lived in a suburban community. Community resilience was evaluated using the Conjoint Community Resiliency Assessment Measure (CCRAM), a validated five-factor multidimensional instrument. Results: Residents of the suburban community reported higher community resilience than residents of the urban community. This difference was related to increased preparedness levels and strength of place attachment in the suburban community. Residents of suburban communities were also more satisfied and confident in health-care services than those of urban communities. Regression analysis showed that the satisfaction with primary health-care services, and not community type, significantly predicted community resilience. Conclusions: Our results support the pivotal role of primary health care in building community resilience of minority communities in times of emergency and routine.

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