“Are the new proposals for reform of directors’ disqualification requirements in the UK sufficient or cosmetic?”

2016 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-390
Author(s):  
Norman Mugarura

Purpose The paper aims to examine the circumstances in which directors who fail to perform their duties and responsibilities with due diligence can be sanctioned and to evaluate whether the recent changes for reform both in the UK and European Union (EU) are adequate to deter directors from misfeasance or to cure defects in the law. The purpose of this paper is to articulate regulatory regimes for disqualification of corporate directors and the proposed changes to tighten loose ends in this area of commercial law. This paper articulates the duties and responsibilities of Corporate Officer and the varied context in which they are manifested in the UK. Owing to the onerous nature of corporate directorship, directors cannot passively sit in boardrooms or on their committees, but they need to demonstrate that they are hands on to get things done as expected. The first part of the paper articulates the current regimes on director’s disqualification so that it is used as a basis to examine the efficacy of the proposed changes for reform both on this area in the UK and Europe. The second part of the paper examines the proposed reform for change both in UK and in Europe and their efficacy to plug in law and practice. This area of corporate law is increasingly regulated by a number of agencies to ensure that directors perform their duties and responsibilities with due diligence. Design/methodology/approach The paper is structured in two parts whereby the first part examines the framework for disqualification of corporate directors and related issues in the UK. The second part articulates recent changes in the law on director’s disqualification with a view to evaluate whether these changes are robust enough to enhance the position of shareholders to ensure the company is well-managed for their interests or whether overregulation is inimical to the company by hindering directors from executing their corporate responsibilities with a measure of discretion. Findings The findings reflect that regulatory reforms should be evolved and implemented to strike a balance in ensuring that regulatory regimes are implemented not to penalise corporate directors unnecessarily but also to ensure that rules are respected. The paper urges caution because overregulation can inhibit corporate director from taking necessary risks (to be more guarded) to secure their positions. Research limitations/implications The paper was written on the basis of secondary and primary data sources often also alluding to empirical cases studies. It would have been better to carry out structured interviews to corroborate some of the findings of the paper. Practical implications Corporate governance is an onerous task, and thus, it requires corporate officers to exercise due diligence in execution of their duties and responsibilities. Getting the issue of corporate governance wrong often has ramifications for the company and respective corporate officers. These ramifications include not least penalising individual directors by disqualification from holding corporate directorship or the company being wound up altogether. Social implications Corporation plays an important role in the society such as creating employment opportunities, markets for goods and services, generating revenues to governments and the list goes on. Therefore, the way they are managed has important implications for societies and governments. Originality/value Even though the paper was written on the basis of primary and secondary data sources, it was done in a distinctive manner to foster the objective for writing it.

2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman Mugarura

Purpose – It has become customary for states or regulatory domains to come together and evolve normative regimes to deal with overlapping exigencies such as money laundering. Over the past two decades, there has been a proliferation of global AML laws designed to foster international cooperation against money laundering and its predicate crimes. In this same vein, some states have adopted domestic AML laws designed with an ethos of extra-territorial dimension as a caution against the threats posed by money laundering crimes. The paper aims to critically examine CDD to tease out the possibility of harnessing it as a global AML paradigm. Design/methodology/approach – The paper was written by critically examining primary and secondary data sources. In terms of primary data, the author has studied the relevant provision of different AML legislation such as BSA (1970), MLCA (1986), and PATRIOT (2001) Act in the USA; and FSMA (2000) and POCA (2002) in the UK. The author then evaluated these data in the context of the challenges of harnessing CDD across countries. In terms of secondary data sources, the author utilised data in academic text books, journal papers, electronic sources (web sites of AML agencies), and policy and research papers from specialist institutions such as FATF. Findings – The findings corroborate the thesis that much as CDD is an important AML measure, it needs to be streamlined and implemented with care to apply across the board. Research limitations/implications – The paper was written largely by way of library-based research. The author did not carry out interviews to corroborate some of the secondary data sources used in writing it. Carrying out interviews would have helped to minimise the potential for bias secondary data sources used was generated. Practical implications – It is anticipated that this paper can be utilised to foster desired strategic and policy changes at a multiple institutional levels. Originality/value – The paper is one of its kind to be written in its context. It will therefore make a viable contribution to the study of money counter-measures and how they are harnessed globally. It is therefore a must read!


2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Alice Young

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the current state and future pressures of money laundering on Jamaica and the financial crime connections between the UK and Jamaica. Design/methodology/approach – The paper focuses on the primary data collected from a series of semi-structured interviews with members from the law enforcement and financial services sectors of Jamaica. The main objective of the interviews was to secure a range of opinions concerning the problem of money laundering in the country. Interviewees were selected from the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions, the Financial Investigation Division of the Ministry of Finance and Planning, the British High Commission and the Financial Services Commission. The names of all subjects shall remain anonymous to protect the privacy of those who were interviewed. Findings – Through the analysis of primary data it will be shown that Jamaica remains vulnerable to money laundering – particularly the proceeds of crime laundered through the remittance sector – despite a legislative overhaul in 2007 to adopt the UK’s Proceeds of Crime Act. Ineffective legislation is most certainly due to generic weaknesses and flaws which are applicable to many Caribbean states, for example, a lack of political will to enforce anti-money laundering regulations, corruption, inadequate police training, lack of resources, a strong remittance sector and geographical positioning along a drug-trafficking route. Originality/value – This paper is the first of its kind to comprehensively analyze the money laundering situation in Jamaica, using detailed first accounts from members of the law enforcement and financial sectors.


2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 349-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Yeoh

Purpose – This paper aims to examine the implications of exemptions to facilitate small businesses’ access to crowdfunding (CF) schemes. The aftermath of the 2008 global financial crisis and even now witnessed many small profits and non-profits encountering significant difficulties in accessing funding from the conventional sources and on many occasions have to turn to the newly emerging Internet-enabled donation or product compensation CF schemes. Access to securities-based CF schemes has, however, been seriously difficult due to securities laws obstacles. Regulatory authorities in the USA and the UK have responded with exemptions to facilitate small businesses’ access to CF. Design/methodology/approach – The paper driven by the qualitative doctrinal approach would rely extensively on primary data from the applicable regulations and secondary data from industry sources and other publicly available commentaries. Findings – Securities-based CF schemes hitherto heavily restricted in the USA and the UK are under current regulatory interventions-accorded exemption status, thereby enabling enhanced access for those small businesses seeking alternatives to conventional financing and enhanced investment opportunities for small investors. The paper’s preliminary analysis suggests that the proposed new regulatory rules in the USA and the UK are generally well-balanced with adequate small investors’ protection, while simultaneously not hampering the innovative growth of small businesses with excessive restrictions. Further, the preparedness of the regulators to fine-tune the proposed rules as the CF industry evolves would likely ensure its orderly growth, thereby helping to address various humanitarian and social challenges in these jurisdictions. Originality/value – The added value of the analysis lies in its substantive evaluation of the proposed rules in both jurisdictions to ascertain the feasibility of securities-based CF schemes as alternatives for small businesses in relation to traditional financing and enhanced investment opportunities for small unsophisticated investors.


Author(s):  
Luisa Helena Pinto ◽  
Regina Caldas

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine how international workers engage into and make sense of expatriation and how sense-making enacts further action. Design/methodology/approach – Given the corporate influence over expatriation, empirical data were collected from a single case study organization, a well-established Portuguese retail company. The primary data sources were the in-depth interviews with 13 international workers, while other secondary data sources included company documents that provided the background information required to understand the interviewees and describe the organization. The experiences of expatriation through the accounts and stories of these workers were subject to thematic content analysis. Findings – The findings demonstrate that international workers act as sense-makers and sense-givers vehicles about expatriation. By doing so, they enact a plausible and dominant story that ultimately bounds the perception of divergent cues and limit their own action. While this ongoing dialogue between expatriation meaning and action can raise organizational actors’ capacities to negotiate and influence further meaning and action, it also validates existing practices and generates further compliance. Originality/value – Despite being limited to a single organizational context, this study offers a contextualized approach to the study of expatriation that complements earlier research and highlights sense-making dynamics and related outcomes, further extending the applications of the sense-making perspective. This study suggests new research avenues exploring the politics and negotiation bonds from which expatriation sense-making can emerge as well as the opportunities for disruptive sense-making.


Acta Comitas ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (01) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Raymond Bagus Nurchandra ◽  
Retno Murni

The purpose of this research is to determine the validity of a fiduciary security deed using a motorized vehicle that is still in the indent process as a guarantee. This type of research is empirical legal research which is based on primary data sources and secondary data sources. Then the conclusions are drawn through descriptive analysis techniques. The results show that a motorized vehicle that is still in the pivoting process can be charged with a fiduciary guarantee, but the debtor must attach proof of the order given by the dealer The part that will pay the vehicle in full to the dealer is the bank and after the proof of payment is given in full, the proof must be presented in front of a notary. The debtor must also make his own statement if the BPKB has been issued, it must be immediately submitted to the bank. The validity of a fiduciary guarantee deed that uses a motorized vehicle that is still in the pivot process as evidence is legally recognized because in the provisions of the explanation of article 6 letter c of the Law on Fiduciary Security does not clearly emphasize the existence of BPKB ownership so that proof of purchase orders can already be obtained. used as proof of ownership of a motorized vehicle that is still in the process of being indented.   Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keabsahan suatu akta jaminan fidusia yang menggunakan kendaraan bermotor yang masih dalam proses inden sebagai jaminannya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian hukum empiris yang didasarkan pada sumber data primer serta sumber data sekunder kemudian ditarik kesimpulannya melalui teknik analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kendaraan bermotor yang masih didalam proses inden dapat dibebankan dengan jaminan fidusia namun pihak debitor harus melampirkan bukti pemesanan kendaraan bermotor tersebut yang diberikan oleh pihak dealer. Pihak yang akan membayarkan kendaraan tersebut secara lunas kepada dealer adalah pihak bank dan setelah diberikannya tanda bukti pembayaran secara lunas tersebut maka bukti tersebut harus dipaparkan dihadapan pihak Notaris. Pihak debitor juga harus membuat surat pernyataan sendiri jika BPKB sudah terbit maka harus segara diserahkan kepada pihak bank. Keabsahan suatu akta jaminan fidusia yang menggunakan kendaran bermotor yang masih dalam proses inden sebagai alat bukti diakui sah secara hukum karena didalam ketentuan penjelasan Pasal 6 huruf c Undang-Undang tentang Jaminan Fidusia tidak menekankan secara jelas harus adanya kepemilikan BPKB sehingga bukti purchase order saja sudah dapat digunakan sebagai suatu bukti kepemilikan kendaraan bermotor yang masih dalam proses inden.


Author(s):  
Hadius Akbar ◽  
Farikh Marzuqi

Getting married is part of the worship which is sanctified by the Prophet Muhammad, but in Indonesia it has rules if there is someone who is underage married as stated in the law that if someone wants to do a marriage for the prospective bridegroom must be 19 years old and calom the bride must be 16, and can continue the marriage by requesting marriage dispensation permission to the Religious Court. This study aims to determine the judge's consideration of the early marriage dispensation based on the analysis of the Sidoarjo Religious Court Decision Number: 222 / Pdt.P / 2017 / Pa. . The research method used is a juridical-normative research method where data sources are obtained from secondary data and primary data. The results showed that the judgment of judges regarding the dispensation of early marriage was seen from a situation if it was not hastened to marry, something would happen that violated the law because the prospective bride had been pregnant for 1 month, even though the candidate had not reached 16 years but was seen from the evidence and witnesses that they were able to get married.


Author(s):  
Zaiton Hamin ◽  
Ahmad Ridhwan Abd Rani

Objective - This paper aims to examine the role of judges and the reality of the plea-bargaining process from the perspective of the judiciary, focusing primarily on their perceptions on the new law and their role and the problems facing them in implementing the law. Methodology/Technique - This paper adopts a qualitative methodology, in which the primary data is obtained from semi-structured interviews with 20 respondents comprising of the stakeholders in the criminal justice system. The secondary data is obtained from analysing the CPC and other library-based sources. Findings - The research reveals that judges are facing some problems derived from the law itself which makes the new plea-bargaining process unappealing to them. Consequently, judges have invented their solutions either by reverting to the old practice or imposing on the parties their terms in disposing of the case through judge-prompted plea-bargain. Novelty - This paper is significant in providing some evidence of the procedural difficulties faced by judges in hearing plea-bargaining application at the pre-trial stage. Type of Paper - Review Keywords: Criminal Procedure; Judiciary; Pre-trial Stage; Plea-Bargaining Process; Plea of Guilty. JEL Classification: K40, K49


2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanika Gupta ◽  
Sanjay Sharma

Purpose The advent of technology has played a crucial role in changing the landscape of the hospitality sector. One such technology is the adoption and installation of kiosks in hotels. While some of the hotels have adopted and installed kiosks for self-services, the other hotels are still not very comfortable with the idea of self-service. This paper aims to explore the possibilities, challenges and issues that hoteliers face while dealing with self-service kiosks, it further investigates the customer’s perspective and its benefits to the end-user. Design/methodology/approach This study has assimilated data from hotel managers and executives that have deployed kiosks. This study involved the collection of primary data through structured interviews. Eight different hotels from the UK and India have been compared and analyzed to formulate subcategories to answer the research questions. A total of 200 customers from both the countries were approached to get the primary data; the customers were from the same hotel where the hotel executives and managers were interviewed. Findings The customers accepted Kiosks as easy to use, fast to run, fun to operate, but, lacking human interaction and counter language issues were simultaneously discussed. Kiosks have been emerging as self-service technologies in hotels and play a key role in reducing bottlenecks in hotel operations. The technology anxiety and counter service argument is merely a transition phase that will fade away gradually. However, the financial feasibility and the level of adoption depend upon the level of operations and the demographic characteristics of customers. Research limitations/implications The dependence of data from the person interviewed and their biases for answers, along with the trust and credibility of the data available online remain the biggest challenge. Increasing the sample size and more participation from different hotels would have made the study even more useful. Originality/value The research seeks to eliminate the gap in research by studying both the hotels' and the customers' perspective toward kiosks deployment in hotels. The results of the study would highlight the potential challenges being faced by hotel operations and opportunities they perceive in kiosks installation, therefore the results are very useful for hotels, hoteliers, academicians and students pursuing a career in the hospitality sector.


2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Yeoh

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide enhanced insights on corporate governance failures which contributed to various financial crimes in major banking institutions and whether those involved have been held sufficiently accountable in the USA and the UK. Design/methodology/approach – This interdisciplinary doctrinal research relies on primary and secondary data and is complemented by the case study approach. Findings – Case insights demonstrate that a few major banks and isolated numbers of bankers at the lower echelons were held accountable in the USA but to a lesser degree in the UK. This contrasts sharply with the earlier Enron-type corporate financial reporting scandals or the much earlier Savings and Loans Crisis; but recent criminal charge practices against mega banks suggest a policy shift. Research limitations/implications – The paper findings suggest the need for further research in this under-researched area, while the banking communities in the USA and the UK may be prompted to review their corporate governance practices. Originality/value – This interdisciplinary research uses corporate law and criminological research to provide enhanced insights on financial crimes perpetuated in major banks in the USA and the UK.


REFORMASI ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-216
Author(s):  
Nella Faulina RF ◽  
Willy Tri Hardianto ◽  
Annisa Purwatiningsih

O-Ranger adalah program PT. Pos untuk mempermudah para pelanggan jasa pos dalam mengirim barang. Sistem kerja O-Ranger yaitu dengan mengambil barang langsung ke tempat pelanggan/customer. Penelitian ini akan melihat seberapa puas pelanggan kantor pos terhadap layanan yang diberikan oleh O-Ranger pick up Kota Malang. Tujuan penelitian ini guna mengetahui kualitas dari pelayanan O-Ranger PT. Pos Persero Kota Malang dan mengetahui bagaimana Good Corporate Governance dijalankan dalam program O-Ranger di PT. Pos Persero Kota Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Teknik penentuan informan yaitu menggunakan snowball sampling yang mana informan pada penelitian ini adalah marketing dari kantor pos kota Malang, tiga orang O-Ranger dan sepuluh orang pelanggan dari O-Ranger. Sumber data primer adalah pelanggan O-Ranger  dan sumber data sekunder adalah pengamatan pada lokasi penelitian secara langsung. Triangulasi data adalah teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data. Analisa data menggunakan teori dari Miles, Huberman dan Saldana dengan cara: penyeleksian data atau kondensasi data, penyajian data, dan penarikan kesimpulan atau verifikasi data. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil yang baik, dimana pelayanan yang diberikan oleh O-Ranger Kota Malang telah menunjukkan hasil yang baik. Dapat kita lihat dalam dimensi yang ada pada setiap indikator seperti tangible, realibility, responsiviness, assurance juga emphaty menunjukkan respon yang positif dari pengguna jasa O-Ranger PT. Pos Persero telah menyusun pedoman etika bisnis dan tata perilaku (Code Of Conduct). Pedoman ini mengatur tentang etika dalam berbisnis dan berperilaku bagi para insan Pos dan semua yang terlibat didalamnya. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa PT. Pos telah melaksanakan Good Corporate Governance dengan baik. Abstract: O-Ranger is a PT. Pos program to facilitate postal service customers in sending goods. O-Ranger work system that is by taking goods directly to the customer / customer. This study will look at how satisfied the post office customers are with the services provided by the Malang City O-Ranger pick-up. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of the O-Ranger service of PT Pos Persero Malang City and to find out how Good Corporate Governance was implemented in the O-Ranger program at PT. Pos Persero Malang City. This study used descriptive qualitative method. The technique of determining informants is using snowball sampling, where the informants in this study are marketing from the Malang post office, three O-Ranger and ten customers from O-Ranger. Primary data sources are O-Ranger customers and secondary data sources are observations at research sites directly. Data triangulation is a technique used in data collection. Data analysis uses theories from Miles, Huberman and Saldana by: selecting data or condensing data, presenting data, and drawing conclusions or verifying data. This research shows good results, where the services provided by O-Ranger Malang have shown good results. We can see in the dimensions that exist in each indicator such as Tangible, Reliability, Responsiviness, Assurance as well as Emphaty shows a positive response from O-Ranger service users. PT Pos Persero has compiled a code of business ethics and code of conduct. This guideline regulates ethics in doing business and behavior for the people of the Post and all those involved in it. This proves that PT. Pos Indonesia has implemented Good Corporate Governance (GCG) very well.Keywords: Service; Good Corporate Governance; Customer Satisfaction


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