scholarly journals The gender wage gap and sample selection via risk attitudes

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
SeEun Jung
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Individual Risk ◽  
Risk Attitudes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Individual

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to consider a new way of estimating the gender wage gap by introducing individual risk attitudes that is applied to representative Korean data. Design/methodology/approach The selection bias via risk attitudes results in the overestimation of this wage gap. Women are more risk averse and hence prefer not to be active in the labour market or, if they are active, prefer to work in the public sector, where wages are generally lower than in the private sector. This paper explains the reduced gender wage gap by developing an appropriate sample-selection model, with wage decompositions corrected for selection. Findings Self-selection based on risk attitudes is shown to partly explain the gap that is popularly perceived as reflecting gender discrimination. Originality/value It is the first attempt to explain the gender wage gap by looking at the individual risk preference through work status selection.

scholarly journals Gender pay gap in Vietnam: a propensity score matching analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Hoang Oanh ◽  
Nguyen Hong Ngoc
Keyword(s):  
Propensity Score ◽  
Propensity Score Matching ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Gender Pay Gap ◽  
Pay Gap ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Pay Inequality ◽  
Unobservable Factors

PurposeThis paper investigates the extent, the determinants and the change in the gender pay gap in Vietnam in the period 2010–2016 in order to provide suggestions for policy adjustment to narrow gender pay inequality more effectively.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs the propensity score matching (PSM) method to examine inequality in pay between female and male earners sharing identical characteristics. The analysis is conducted for both the full sample and various characteristic-based subsamples. This procedure is conducted for 2010 and 2016 separately to discover the change in gap and inequality during this period.FindingsThe matching results based on the data sets taken from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey (VHLSS) 2010 and 2016 affirm that gender income inequality in Vietnam, though persisted, decreased significantly in 2016 compared to 2010, and was insignificant in many subsamples in 2016. In addition to the observable determinants including educational level, occupation, economic sector and industry, unobservable factors are proved to also play an important role in creating the gender pay gap in Vietnam.Practical implicationsThe research findings suggest that policies aimed at mitigating gender pay inequality should take into account both observable characteristics and unobservable factors such as unobservable gender differences that affect wages and gender discrimination in pay.Originality/valueThis is the first study using a matching technique to investigate gender wage gap in Vietnam. With up-to-date data, longer research period and the superiority of the method used in dealing with sample selection bias, the results obtained are more robust, more detailed and reliable.

scholarly journals The allure of celebrities: unpacking their polysemic consumer appeal

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (10) ◽  
pp. 2025-2053
Author(s):  
Markus Wohlfeil ◽  
Anthony Patterson ◽  
Stephen J. Gould
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Total Period ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Social Link ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to explain a celebrity’s deep resonance with consumers by unpacking the individual constituents of a celebrity’s polysemic appeal. While celebrities are traditionally theorised as unidimensional semiotic receptacles of cultural meaning, the authors conceptualise them here instead as human beings/performers with a multi-constitutional, polysemic consumer appeal. Design/methodology/approach Supporting evidence is drawn from autoethnographic data collected over a total period of 25 months and structured through a hermeneutic analysis. Findings In rehumanising the celebrity, the study finds that each celebrity offers the individual consumer a unique and very personal parasocial appeal as the performer, the private person behind the public performer, the tangible manifestation of either through products and the social link to other consumers. The stronger these constituents, individually or symbiotically, appeal to the consumer’s personal desires, the more s/he feels emotionally attached to this particular celebrity. Research limitations/implications Although using autoethnography means that the breadth of collected data is limited, the depth of insight this approach garners sufficiently unpacks the polysemic appeal of celebrities to consumers. Practical implications The findings encourage talent agents, publicists and marketing managers to reconsider underlying assumptions in their talent management and/or celebrity endorsement practices. Originality/value While prior research on celebrity appeal has tended to enshrine celebrities in a “dehumanised” structuralist semiosis, which erases the very idea of individualised consumer meanings, this paper reveals the multi-constitutional polysemy of any particular celebrity’s personal appeal as a performer and human being to any particular consumer.

scholarly journals Gender wage gap and education: a stochastic frontier approach

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 504-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carmen Garcia-Prieto ◽  
Patricia Gómez-Costilla
Keyword(s):  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Stochastic Frontier ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Wage Differences ◽  
Stochastic Frontier Approach ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Gender

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to get deeper insight into the measurement of gender wage gap. A proper method to identify which part of gender wage differences is due to discrimination against women is provided, and the relationship between wage differences and education is studied. Design/methodology/approach The stochastic frontier approach is employed to measure wage discrimination against women by using Spanish data from the European Union Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. Mentioned technique allows the authors to split the gender wage gap of workers displaying the same characteristics into two components: the first measures inefficiency in the job search process caused by imperfect information or gender differences concerning preferences regarding working conditions, where as the second takes account of discrimination. Findings A significant level of discrimination is found in the Spanish labour market at all educational levels, but this problem is quantitatively more important when low-educated workers are studied, and gender discrimination is lower for highly educated women. Originality/value In this paper, workers’ potential wage is estimated, and gender discrimination is measured by the gender potential wage gap, since it is not dependent on other wage determinants such as diverse preferences, unmeasured working abilities or imperfect information.

Influences on the gender wage gap of Trinidad and Tobago

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshma Mahabir ◽  
Dindial Ramrattan
Keyword(s):  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Decomposition Analysis ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Female Wages

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the presence of a gender wage gap in Trinidad and Tobago and its possible influences. Design/methodology/approach – Investigation of the issue utilised data from the 2008/2009 Household Budget Survey. A combination of linear regression and Oaxaca-Blinder decomposition analysis permits segregation of wage differences into explained and unexplained. Findings – At the aggregate level, there is a significant difference between male and female wages. Investigation showed that the demographics with the highest levels of discrimination were in the age groups 35-44, income levels $3,000-$5,999 and private sector employment vs public sector. Originality/value – The results of this research can serve as a useful tool for more gender-sensitive employment policies in Trinidad and Tobago, and possibly the wider Caribbean region.

Teams and the culture of the individual

2015 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 28-30
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Reading Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Strong Material ◽  
Pertinent Information ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Online Conversation ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – This paper aims to review the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoint practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach – This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings – Most people watching the movie The Social Network of course realized that the stereotyped, cliched view of the nerdy computer genius creating the world’s biggest online conversation in the shape of Facebook was probably exaggerated. But since when did Hollywood let reality shine its light when there are stereotypes and cliches to develop? To be fair to the producers, they did have some strong material in the public domain to play with – cue the Winklevoss twins – and the “nerd makes good” storyline is simply a digital realization of the American Dream. Practical implications – The paper provides strategic insights and practical thinking that have influenced some of the world’s leading organizations. Originality/value – The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

The “I” in government archives: the individual as stakeholder

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Trudy Huskamp Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Strong Relationship ◽  
Electronic Records ◽  
Critical Examination ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Philosophical Framework ◽  
Government Records ◽  
The Individual

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the critical reasons why citizens need government archives, with an elaboration on why managing electronic records is crucial. Design/methodology/approach The paper offers a philosophical framework that argues that not managing records harms individuals. Examples from several countries are reviewed to find the relevance of the records relationships between people and governments, and the nexus between human rights and archives through an examination of the first three articles of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights is analyzed. Findings The paper identifies a strong relationship between human rights and archives and the way lives are reflected in the records in government archives. This reinforces the argument that governments need clearly established and legally empowered archival institutions. Originality/value Critical examination of the “I” in government archives is relatively rare in the literature, particularly when linked to the human rights implications of government records. The study is a constructive beginning for further academic discussions to explore this dimension, which in turn is related to both the efficiency of governance and the public trust in government.

scholarly journals The evolution of the gender wage gap in Colombia: 1994 and 2010

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (81) ◽  
pp. 857-895 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Karime Abadía Alvarado ◽  
Sara De la Rica
Keyword(s):  
Gender Gap ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Educational Achievement ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
The Public ◽  
Female Workers ◽  
Clear Glass ◽  
Wage Distributions

This paper studies the evolution of the gender wage gap in Colombia at different points of wage distributions. Using DiNardo, Fortin, and Lemieux’s (1996) decomposition, we find that the enormous increase in female workers’ educational achievement has helped to reduce the gender gap, mainly at the top of the wage distribution. However, this effect has been countered by the reduction in the proportion of female workers in the public sector and those with indefinite contracts. Moreover, using the Arellano et al. (2017) methodology, we estimate the adjusted gender wage gap whilst controlling for sample selection. In both analysed years, our main finding was a clear glass-ceiling pattern that was slightly reduced in 2010.

The gender wage gap and the presence of foreign firms in Vietnam: evidence from unconditional quantile regression decomposition

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dao Dinh Nguyen ◽  
Xinran Zhang ◽  
Trang Huyen Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Quantile Regression ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Gender Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
Wage Distribution ◽  
Foreign Firms ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Foreign Companies ◽  
Unconditional Quantile Regression ◽  
Quantile Regression Decomposition

PurposeThe objective of this study is to estimate the gender wage gap in Vietnam and its rural and urban areas, especially with the presence of foreign firms.Design/methodology/approachThe authors use cross-sectional data from three rounds of the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey (VHLSS 2008, 2012, and 2016) to investigate this issue. The unconditional quantile regression and Oaxaca–Blinder (OB) decomposition are used in this article.FindingsThe article finds the gender wage gap favouring men, especially in higher quantiles of the wage distribution. The gap in urban Vietnam was higher than in rural areas. The OB decomposition indicates that gender wage gap is mainly driven by gender discrimination. The differences in return to participation in foreign companies only contributed significantly and positively to such a gap in some models. It suggests that the gap in those models is affected by gender discrimination in employment opportunities in foreign companies. Regarding the endowment effect, some models provide the significantly negative impacts of foreign firms on gender wage inequality.Originality/valueThe study suggests that policies to reduce the gender wage gap should pay more attention to foreign firms, especially at higher wage classes.

Do information technology (IT) capabilities affect hotel competitiveness?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 447-460
Author(s):  
Nan Hua
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Financial Data ◽  
Content Type ◽  
It Systems ◽  
Study Results ◽  
It Capabilities ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Lagged Effects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Direct Measures

Purpose This paper aims to examine the impacts of IT capabilities on hotel competitiveness. Design/methodology/approach This study adapts and extends Hua et al. (2015) and O’Neill et al. (2008) by incorporating the specific measures of IT expenditures as proxies for the relevant IT capabilities to explore the impacts of IT capabilities on hotel competitiveness. Findings This study finds that expenditures on IT Labor, IT Systems and IT Websites exert different impacts on hotel competitiveness. In addition, IT capabilities exert both contemporary and lagged effects on hotel competitiveness. Originality/value This study is the first that uses financial data to capture direct measures of individual IT capabilities and tests the individual impacts of IT capabilities on hotel competitiveness from both contemporaneous and lagged perspectives. It uses a large same store sample of hotels in the USA from 2011 to 2017; as a result, the study results can be reasonably representative of the hotel population in the USA.

Autonomous vehicles: a review of the ethical, social and economic implications of the AI revolution

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shweta Banerjee
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
Autonomous Vehicles ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Technological Advancement ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Public ◽  
Autonomous Cars ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThere are ethical, legal, social and economic arguments surrounding the subject of autonomous vehicles. This paper aims to discuss some of the arguments to communicate one of the current issues in the rising field of artificial intelligence.Design/methodology/approachMaking use of widely available literature that the author has read and summarised showcasing her viewpoints, the author shows that technology is progressing every day. Artificial intelligence and machine learning are at the forefront of technological advancement today. The manufacture and innovation of new machines have revolutionised our lives and resulted in a world where we are becoming increasingly dependent on artificial intelligence.FindingsTechnology might appear to be getting out of hand, but it can be effectively used to transform lives and convenience.Research limitations/implicationsFrom robotics to autonomous vehicles, countless technologies have and will continue to make the lives of individuals much easier. But, with these advancements also comes something called “future shock”.Practical implicationsFuture shock is the state of being unable to keep up with rapid social or technological change. As a result, the topic of artificial intelligence, and thus autonomous cars, is highly debated.Social implicationsThe study will be of interest to researchers, academics and the public in general. It will encourage further thinking.Originality/valueThis is an original piece of writing informed by reading several current pieces. The study has not been submitted elsewhere.

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