An examination of herding behavior in Pakistani stock market

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 474-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zuee Javaira ◽  
Arshad Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
The Body ◽  
Investor Behavior ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Herd Behavior ◽  
Herding Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Portfolio Returns

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the investment behavior of Pakistani stock market participants, specifically with respect to their tendency to exhibit herd behavior. Design/methodology/approach – The study employed two different methodologies suggested by Christie and Huang (1995) and Chang et al. (2000) to test herd formation. Results are based on daily and monthly stock of KSE-100 index for the period 2002-2007. Findings – Results based on daily and monthly stock data from Karachi Stock Exchange indicate the non-existence of herd behavior for the period 2002-2007 and find no support for the rational asset pricing model and investor behavior found inefficient. This study denied proved evidence of herding due to market return asymmetry, high and low trading volume states and asymmetric market volatility. Macroeconomic fundamentals have insignificant role in decision-making process of investor therefore has no impact on herding behavior. However, during liquidity crisis of March 2005, Pakistani stock market exhibit herding behavior due to asymmetry of information among investors, presence of speculator and questionable badla financing-local leverage financing mechanism. Research limitations/implications – In future, this study can be improved by employing stock returns portfolios based on market capitalization or sector wise portfolio returns from KSE-100. Furthermore by identifying those factors that cause market to be overall inefficient and define the pattern of the investor trading activities. Practical implications – For an accurate valuation of assets investors should incorporate the herding factor. Social implications – As the assets are mispriced, investor behavior is uncertain and markets are inefficient, foreign investors should invest with caution, as large numbers of securities are needed to achieve the same level of diversification than in an otherwise normal market. Originality/value – In Karachi Stock Exchange, it is first attempt to uncover the herding behavior. This paper contribute to the body of knowledge by investigating the herding behavior in the emerging markets since most of the previous study concentrate more on the developed markets. Furthermore, the study also analyzed the herding behavior in different economic condition and includes economic variables and examines asymmetric effect. This study presents an integrated model to test herding behavior in Pakistani equity market. Consideration of said behavioral effect in the decision-making process of investor will make the decisions more rational and optimal.

Behavioral factors affecting investment decision-making in bank stocks on the Ghana stock exchange

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Quaicoe ◽  
Paul Quaisie Eleke-Aboagye
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Mental Accounting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Gambler’S Fallacy ◽  
Gambler's Fallacy ◽  
Ghana Stock Exchange ◽  
Regret Aversion

Purpose The finance literature is awash with papers bordering on the classical assumption that investors are rational in their decision-making, and hence, would always take decisions rationally given the right information, thus making the stock market efficient. This assumption has, however, been found to be at least inadequate given the fact that investors are complex psychological beings full of emotions. This paper aims to investigate the psychological factors that tend to influence the decisions of investors. Design/methodology/approach The study used a questionnaire to survey a total of 350 investors holding stocks of listed banks on the Ghana Stock Exchange (GSE). Findings The study found the existence of various behavioural biases among the investors surveyed. The most dominant factor or bias found to be influencing investment decisions of respondents was herding with nearly 62% weight. Again, biases such as regret aversion and gambler’s fallacy were also found to strongly influence the decisions of investors, along with mental accounting, overconfidence and anchoring. Practical implications The presence of these behavioural biases, therefore suggests that investors do not always take rational decisions, and hence, making the stock market efficient and that as psychological beings, their investment decisions are impacted strongly by their psychology. Originality/value The study used a questionnaire to survey a total of 350 investors holding stocks of listed banks on the GSE with a special focus on overconfidence, anchoring, herding, gambler’s fallacy, mental accounting and regret aversion as the variables of interest, the first of its kind in Ghana.

Do investors herd in emerging economies? Evidence from the Indian equity market

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleem Ansari ◽  
Valeed Ahmad Ansari
Keyword(s):  
Small Firms ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Market Liquidity ◽  
Investor Behavior ◽  
Herding Behavior ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Standard And Poor's ◽  
Sample Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
Indian Stock Market

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to empirically examine the presence of herding behavior of Indian investors using daily sample data drawn from the Standard and Poor's (S&P) Bombay Stock Exchange-500 Index over the period 2007–2018.Design/methodology/approachThe study employs the model proposed by Chang et al. (2000), taking stock return dispersion as a measure to capture herding. The empirical results demonstrate the absence of herding behavior in all market states, that is, normal, up and down market conditions for the overall period.FindingsContrastingly, the study found negative herding behavior, which underlines that individuals are taking the decision away from the market consensus. The subperiod analysis corroborates the negative herding behavior. The results remain invariant across large, mid and small-capitalization firms except in one year, that is, 2009 for small firms. While using liquidity and sentiment as variables to examine herding, the study finds some evidence of herding behavior for high market liquidity state and sentiment. The findings of negative herding shed new light on herding behavior in the Indian stock market.Originality/valueThis pattern of behavior may indicate irrationality of investor behavior and the presence of noise traders who mistrust market-wide information. Behavioral factors such as overconfidence may explain this pattern of behavior.

Analyzing causal relationships of effective factors on the decision making of individual investors to purchase shares

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-41
Author(s):  
Hossein Sayyadi Tooranloo ◽  
Pedram Azizi ◽  
Ali Sayyahpoor
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Individual Investors ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Effective Factors

Purpose Changes in economic markets have made it necessary to understand the psychology of individual investors. Conducting effective studies on the decision of investors to buy stock in the stock market can be useful. Therefore, it is necessary to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the decision-making of investors to purchase shares of the stock exchange. The purpose of this study was to analyze causal relationships and to weight effective factors on individual investment to purchase shares of Tehran Stock Exchange. Design/methodology/approach The present study is applied research in the term of its purposes and a descriptive-survey one in the term of data gathering methods. The data required in this study was collected through library and field studies. The study population included 35 investment experts. In present study, multi-criteria decision-making techniques in type-2 fuzzy environments have been used to analyze the causal relationships and weighing the factors affecting individual investment in purchasing stock in the stock market. Findings In the study, 4 indicators and 20 sub-indicators influencing individual investors’ decision to purchase shares of Tehran Stock Exchange were selected based on the literature review in the field of investment in the stock exchange, as well as interviews with experts. Analyzing the opinions of experts showed that they have much paid attention to financial index compare to the economic, political and psychological indicators of the market in determining the priority of indicators. In analyzing sub-indicators, it was identified that Iranian investors pay special attention to economic and political developments, political news and international economic developments. Research limitations/implications The present study has been carried out in Iran, and therefore, is geographically limited to Iran. In thematic terms, it is limited to effective factors of individual investments in Tehran Stock Exchange. The statistical population of present study was limited to investing experts in Tehran Stock Exchange. The difference in financial, economic, social and political conditions of individuals was another limitation of present study. The main consequences of research were the explanation of causes of investors’ higher attention to financial factors than economic, political and mental factors of market in buying stocks. Originality/value Given the uncertainty in the market status, using multi-criteria decision-making techniques in financial analysis can help decision-makers to make better decisions. In addition, it would be possible to take into account many variables that do not have a mathematical aspect but are important in decision-making and lead to increased decision-making satisfaction. The research initially analyzed causal relationships of determinants of individual investment on stock exchange for buying stocks through a type-2 fuzzy approach.

What make investors herd while investing in the Indian stock market? A hybrid approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muskan Sachdeva ◽  
Ritu Lehal ◽  
Sanjay Gupta ◽  
Aashish Garg
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Fuzzy Ahp ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
North India ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Herd Behavior ◽  
Herding Behavior ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Indian Stock Market

PurposeIn recent years, significant research has focused on the question of whether severe market periods are accompanied by herding behavior. As herding behavior is a considerable cause of the speculative bubble and leads to stock market deviations from their basic values it is necessary to examine the motivators which led to herding behavior among investors. The paper aims to discuss this issue.Design/methodology/approachIn this study, the authors performed a two-phase analysis to address the research questions of the study. In the first phase, for text analysis NVivo software was used to identify the factors driving herding behavior among Indian stock investors. The analysis of a text was performed using word frequency analysis. While in the second phase, the Fuzzy-AHP analysis techniques were employed to examine the relative importance of all the factors determined and assign priorities to the factors extracted.FindingsResults of the study depicted Investor Cognitive Psychology (ICP), Market Information (MI), Stock Characteristics (SC) as the top-ranked factors driving herding behavior, while Socio-Economic Factors (SEF) emerged as the least important factor driving herding behavior.Research limitations/implicationsThe current study was undertaken among stock investors from North India only. Moreover, numerous factors are not part of the study but might significantly influence the investors' herding behaviors.Practical implicationsComprehending the influences of the different factors discussed in the study would enable stock investors to be more aware of their investment choices and not resort to herd behavior. This research enables decision-makers to understand the reasons for herd activity and helps them act accordingly to improve the stock market's performance.Originality/valueThe current study will provide an inclusive overview of herding behavior motivators among Indian stock investors. This study's results can be extremely useful for both academics and policymakers to gain some insight into the functioning of the Indian stock market.

Herd behavior in the French stock market

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 497-515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Litimi
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Trading Volume ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Garch Model ◽  
Herd Behavior ◽  
Conditional Volatility ◽  
Herding Behavior ◽  
Absolute Deviation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the herding behavior in the French stock market and its effect on the idiosyncratic conditional volatility at a sectoral level. Design/methodology/approach This sample covers all the listed companies in the French stock market, classified by sector, over four major crisis periods. The author modifies the cross-sectional absolute deviation (CSAD) model to include trading volume and investors sentiment as herding triggers. Furthermore, the author uses a modified GARCH model to investigate the effect of herding on conditional volatility. Findings Herding is present in the French market during crises, and it is present in only some sectors during the entire period. The main trigger for investors to embark into a collective herding movement differs from one sector to another. Furthermore, herding behavior has an inhibiting effect on market conditional volatility. Originality/value The author modifies the CSAD model to investigate the presence of herding in the French stock market at a sectoral level during turmoil periods. Furthermore, the particularly designed GARCH model provides new insights on the effect of herding and volume turnover on the conditional volatility.

Stock return autocorrelation, day of the week and volatility

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shah Saeed Hassan Chowdhury ◽  
M. Arifur Rahman ◽  
M. Shibley Sadique
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Saudi Arabian ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Limits To Arbitrage ◽  
Portfolio Returns ◽  
Autocorrelation Structure ◽  
Day Of The Week

Purpose The main purpose of this paper is to investigate autocorrelation structure of stock and portfolio returns in a unique market setting of Saudi Arabia, where nearly all active traders are the retail individuals and the market operates under severe limits to arbitrage. Specifically, the authors examine how return autocorrelation of Saudi Arabian stock market is related to factors such as the day of the week, stock trading, performance on the preceding day and volatility. Design/methodology/approach The sample consists of the daily stock price and index data of 159 firms listed in Tadawul (Saudi Arabian Stock Exchange) for the period from January 2004 through December 2015. The methodology of Safvenblad (2000) is primarily used to investigate the autocorrelation structure of individual stock and index returns. The authors also use the Sentana and Wadhwani (1992) methodology to test for the presence of feedback traders in the Saudi stock market. Findings Results show that there is significantly positive autocorrelation in individual stock, size portfolio and market returns and that the last two are almost always larger than the first. Return autocorrelation is negatively related to firm size. Interestingly, return autocorrelation is positively related to trading frequency. For portfolios, autocorrelation of returns following a high absolute return day is significantly higher than that following a low absolute return day. Similarly, return autocorrelation during volatile periods is generally larger than that during tranquil periods. Return correlation between weekdays is usually larger than that between the first and last days of the week. Overall, the results suggest that the possible reason for positive autocorrelation in stock returns could be the presence of negative feedback traders who are engaged in frequent profit-taking activities. Originality/value This is the first paper that thoroughly investigates the autocorrelation structure of the returns of the Saudi stock market using both index and individual stock returns. As this US$583bn (as of August 21, 2014) market opened to foreign institutional investors in June 2015, the results of this paper should be of significant value for the potential uninformed foreign investors in this relatively lesser known and previously closed yet highly prospective market.

Does the stock market curse contractor’s bidding decision and winning a new contract?

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (6) ◽  
pp. 1268-1286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jongsoo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Event Study ◽  
Abnormal Returns ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Market Responses ◽  
Window Period ◽  
Project Location ◽  
The Impact

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the stock market reactions at the time of new construction contract winning announcements to explore whether the managements made wise bidding decisions and thus create values. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 813 new contracts awarded to publicly traded US construction firms for the years 2000 through 2009 are screened and these are analyzed by applying event study methodology. This paper estimates the effect of an event on stock market’s responses, using cumulative abnormal returns (CARs), and the CAR values are estimated for four types of windows: days 0 (i.e. the day of the event announcement), (−1, +1), (−2, +2), and (−3, +3). The market responses are further subdivided according to such variables as the project type, owner type, project location, work scope, and bidder size. Findings – The results of this study show that the stock market did not curse contract winners by positively responding to the announcements of new contract awards. The sample firms’ market value, on average, is increased by 1.168 percent during the seven-day window period, and is highly significant. In addition, the followings are observed: first, the stock market tends to favor larger contracts over smaller ones; second, small firms’ events receive better market responses than those of large ones; and third, the level of returns varies considerably across the project types. Meanwhile, no statistical differences are observed in CARs for the owner type, work scope, and project location variables. Research limitations/implications – This study has several limitations. First, potential factors that may have effects on CAR could not be incorporated in the analysis, because a contract award announcement provides only limited information. Second, the level of consistency between stock market responses and the contract’s actual outcomes could not be assessed. Practical implications – Wise bidding decision has critical implication considering the impact of a new contract award on a firm; a new contract increases the backlog of a firm while it may harm/improve the operating performance or decrease/increase the stockholders’ wealth. Although the overall success level of the current sample, in terms of CARs, is positive and significant, CAR values vary significantly depending on the window period and/or variables. Therefore, managements should exercise careful discretion in selecting a target project and arriving at a bidding decision. Originality/value – While event study has been widespread for assessing the effect of numerous event types, project award received scarcely any attention. Moreover, it has widely been believed that cost/pricing and contract value are the primary sources for winners’ curse argument. Accordingly, this study can be considered as a seminal work assessing stock market responses to validate winners’ curse argument. This study contributes to the body of knowledge of decision-making discipline. In addition, from a strategic management perspective, the evidence and implications drawn from the analysis results will be valuable resources for bid or no-bid decision making in the project-based industry.

scholarly journals Behavioral Bias in Individual Investment Decisions: Is It a Common Phenomenon in Stock Markets?

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
Nawal Hussein Abbas Elhussein ◽  
Jarel Nabi Ahmed Abdelgadir
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Prices ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Investment Decision ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Investment Decision Making

This paper aims to investigate the behavioral factors that influence individual investment decision making at a developing country stock market; the Sudanese Stock Exchange Market. The Study employs a cross-sectional survey design as well as analytical methods to collect the necessary data and establish the relationship between the study variables. Data is collected through a structured questionnaire from a sample of 203 individual investors and Correlation and Regression methods are used to conduct the analysis. The findings of the paper provide evidence that behavioral biases play a noticeable role in individual investment decision making process regardless of the degree of development of the stock market. The paper demonstrates that heuristic and market factors play a dominant role in the process of individual decision making in the Khartoum Stock Exchange. The factors that have a significant impact on individual investment decision making process include Representativeness, Overconfidence, Anchoring, Historical cost of stock, Customer preferences, Loss aversion, Mental accounting, Other investors’ trading volume, and Quick reaction to changes in other investors ‘decisions. Factors that have an insignificant impact include Availability bias, Change in stock prices, Regret aversion, and Other investors’ decisions and choices.

scholarly journals Developing a ranking methodology for Shari’ah indices: the case of Borsa Istanbul

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeyneb Hafsa Orhan ◽  
Murat Isiker
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Accounting System ◽  
Screening Process ◽  
Financial Reports ◽  
Screening Criteria ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Quantitative Screening ◽  
Stock Market Investment

Purpose This paper aims to develop a ranking methodology for the companies included in the Islamic indices in Turkey. Thus, this paper simplifies the decision-making process for investors with Islamic sensitivities to stock market investment when constructing their investment portfolio. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses a case study of 20 companies listed on Borsa Istanbul, drawing data from their 2017, 2018 and 2019 financial reports. These companies are scored and ranked according to their compatibility with the screening criteria used by Ziraat Katilim index in Turkey. In addition, this paper uses the quantitative screening process to calculate the ranking scores of these companies. Findings The findings show that some companies are highly compatible with the screening criteria, with ranking scores close to 100 points. However, some companies satisfied the criteria on the margin. This may not be a desirable result for some investors. Research limitations/implications Only 20 companies are included in the analysis. Since the conventional accounting system is used in Turkey, it was difficult to get exact information about the companies’ Shari’ah compatibility from the financial results. Practical implications The findings assist investors to determine which company is ethically more responsible than others within the Islamic framework. There are also implications for the companies in question, index providers and Shari’ah scholars. Social implications The findings aim to simplify the decision-making process of investors who have Islamic sensitivities to stock exchange market investment when they constitute their portfolio. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is one of the first attempts to develop a ranking methodology for Shari’ah-screened stocks in Turkey even though Shari’ah screening has been on the agenda since the late 1990s. This paper also compares 11 indices based on their screening criteria.

Islamic finance and herding behavior: an application to Gulf Islamic stock markets

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 192-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imed Medhioub ◽  
Mustapha Chaffai
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Stock Market ◽  
Stock Returns ◽  
Stock Markets ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Herd Behavior ◽  
Herding Behavior ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Monthly Data ◽  
Content Type

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the herding behavior in GCC Islamic stock markets. Design/methodology/approach The authors followed the methodology developed by Chiang and Zheng (2010) to test herding behavior. Cross-sectional tests have been considered in this paper. The authors use both OLS and GARCH estimations to examine herding behavior by using a sample of GCC Islamic stock markets. Findings By applying monthly data for the period between January 2006 and February 2016 for five Islamic GCC stock returns (Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and UAE), results suggest a significant evidence of herd behavior in Saudi and Qatari Islamic stock markets only. When the authors take into account the existence of asymmetry in herd behavior between down- and up-market periods, evidence of herding behavior during down market periods in the case of Qatar and Saudi Arabia was found. In addition, the authors found that Kuwaiti and Emirates Islamic stock markets herd with the local conventional stock market, showing the interdependencies between Islamic and conventional markets. Research limitations/implications In this paper, the authors found an absence of herding behavior in some Islamic stock markets (Bahrain, Kuwait and Emirates). This is not the result of Shariah guidelines in these Islamic markets, but this is mainly due to the weak oscillations of returns which are very close to zero. In our future research, the authors could apply daily data and compare the results to those obtained in this paper by using monthly data. Originality/value This paper provides a practical framework in order to analyze the herding behavior concept for GCC Islamic stock markets. Its originality consists of linking the herding behavior to ethics and morality to verify whether the properties and guidelines of Islam are respected in Islamic stock markets. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no other paper has treated the case of herding behavior in Islamic stock markets and taking into account the possible influence of the conventional market on the Islamic stock market that may impact herding behavior.

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