How does abusive supervision hurt employees? The role of positive psychological capital

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
James B. Avey ◽  
Upasna Agarwal ◽  
Jadvir K. Gill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Abusive Supervision ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Psychological Capital ◽  
Working Adults ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this research was to understand the mediating role of employee positive psychological capital on the negative relationship between abusive supervision and employee outcomes.Design/methodology/approachThe research design consisted of a multi-wave study with a heterogeneous sample of working adults in the United States. Study variables included the independent variable of abusive supervision, the mediating variable of positive psychological capital and the dependent variables of psychological well-being, job satisfaction and general health.FindingsResults from 293 working adults in the United States suggest employee positive psychological capital is an explanatory mechanism as a mediator in the relationship between abusive supervision and outcomes. In other words, abusive supervisors reduce employee psychological capital leading to sub-optimal outcomes.Practical implicationsResults of this study suggest several practical implications, however one is primary. In sum, we found the deleterious effects of abusive supervisors occur through positive psychological capital. While it is often difficult to immediately terminate manager employment for abusive supervision, results here suggest firms can use psychological capital interventions to buffer the negative impact of abusive supervisors.Originality/valueIt is well understood that abusive supervision has a negative impact on employees. However, the underlying mechanisms of how and why this occurs is not well understood. While much research has speculated on why this happens prior to this study, few explanatory mechanisms have been subjected to empirical tests.

The future of maternity wear: Generation Z's expectations of dressing for pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Anne Weigle ◽  
Laura McAndrews
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Body ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Longitudinal Approach ◽  
Shopping Experience ◽  
Physical Changes ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to investigate Generation Z's physical expectations of being pregnant and their outlook for maternity wear shopping.Design/methodology/approachFemales in this cohort (n = 207) participated in an online survey that included questions about perceptions of pregnancy, physical self-concept and forecasted shopping behaviors.FindingsResults indicated that this group is concerned with physical changes of pregnancy and expect to treat each area of the body in a different way. Women's expected physical concerns of pregnancy predict how much they anticipate accentuating their pregnant body. Gen Z anticipates wearing loose maternity garments and they envision a thoughtful, in-store shopping experience for styles that are equally fashionable and comfortable, such as dresses.Research limitations/implicationsThis study should be extended to future generational cohorts like Generation Alpha, along with Gen Z outside of the United States and women in the United States who are non-white. Further studies should take a longitudinal approach to gauge changes in this cohort's expectations as they progress through pregnancy.Practical implicationsThis paper provides maternity wear retail brands and designers a foundation for product development and marketing geared toward this large cohort.Originality/valueThe study is the first to inquire about Gen Z's outlook on pregnancy, specifically their envisioned changes to each body area and the role of maternity garments to fulfill needs and concerns.

Perceived overqualification and job crafting: the moderating role of positive psychological capital

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 808-824
Author(s):  
Harun Sesen ◽  
Senay Sahil Ertan
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Positive Psychological Capital ◽  
Northern Cyprus ◽  
Perceived Overqualification ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between perceived overqualification and job crafting, which has the ability to drive satisfaction, loyalty and performance; drawing on the broaden-and-build theory, the study tests the positive psychological capital (PsyCap) moderation role in this relationship. Design/methodology/approach Data were obtained from 320 white-collar employees in Northern Cyprus. Data on perceived overqualification and positive PsyCap were gathered in the first survey, and job crafting was measured as a follow up. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling and hierarchical regression. Findings Perceived overqualification has a significantly negative effect on all dimensions of job crafting. However, considering PsyCap as a moderator, the study demonstrates that the negative impact of perceived overqualification on job crafting lessens when positive PsyCap is high rather than low. Research limitations/implications Self-reported surveys are used and results were collected from only Northern Cyprus. Practical implications The study has important practical implications for managing and reaping benefits from employees who perceive themselves as overqualified. Specifically, organizations need to implement efficient activities that increase positive PsyCap among these employees (e.g. inspirational videos and other learning), which can thereby boost their job-crafting behavior and result in better organizational performance. Originality/value This research is the first to investigate positive PsyCap among employees who feel overqualified. The findings further point to what can be done to encourage job-crafting behavior by using positive PsyCap to increase passion and motivation among overqualified employees.

Perceptions, reality and semantics: exploring perceptions of coaching and academic advising as distinct roles

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia Sepulveda ◽  
Matthew Birnbaum
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
United States ◽  
Academic Advising ◽  
Distinct Type ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Clear Understanding ◽  
Academic Coaching ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Practical Implications

PurposeCoaching in higher education has become increasingly common across the United States. Our qualitative study explores the perceptions of coaches and advisors, as they consider academic coaching as a role distinct from academic advising.Design/methodology/approachOur study adopts a qualitative research approach. Two focus groups were conducted with 14 coaching and academic advising professionals.FindingsOur findings identify at least three major themes when considering academic coaching as a role distinct from academic advising: (1) Potential role overlap, (2) Caseload disparities and (3) Philosophical differences. The indiscriminate use of the title of “coach” contributed to confusion, ambiguity and tension.Practical implicationsWithout a clear understanding of the coach role as a distinct type of support in higher education, confusion and ambiguity are likely to continue.Originality/valueNo studies have explored the perceptions of coaches and advisors, as they consider academic coaching as a role distinct in the United States.

The role of agency costs in the voluntary adoption of XBRL-based financial reporting

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-622
Author(s):  
Mehdi Khedmati ◽  
Farshid Navissi ◽  
Mohammed Aminu Sualihu ◽  
Zakiya Tofik-Abu
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Financial Reporting ◽  
Agency Costs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Matched Pair ◽  
Alternative Measure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Voluntary Adoption

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine whether and how firm's agency costs played a role in the voluntary adoption of the eXtensible Business Reporting Language (XBRL) under the SEC's voluntary filing program (VFP) that encouraged the voluntary adoption of the XBRL.Design/methodology/approachThis study employs a logistics regression and a sample of 140 firms that voluntarily participated in the VFP during its entire existence in the United States, and 140 matched-pair counterparts that did not voluntarily adopt the XBRL to investigate the role of agency costs in the voluntary adoption of XBRL-based financial reporting.FindingsWe find evidence consistent with the conjecture that a firm's low magnitude of agency costs plays a significant motivating role in the voluntary adoption of XBRL-based financial reporting. Our results continue to hold after using an alternative measure of agency costs and conducting two-stage least squares regressions. Supplementing these results, the study also shows that the level of agency costs of voluntary XBRL adopters remains statistically unchanged after the adoption while the level of agency costs associated with the firms that did not participate in SEC's VFP significantly decline after the adoption during the XBRL mandate.Practical implicationsThe findings of this study suggest that based on a firm's level of agency costs, regulators and policymakers, especially those in countries that are yet to mandate XBRL reporting, can, in advance, identify firms that are more likely to comply with their new financial reporting initiatives.Originality/valueThis paper provides first evidence on the role of agency costs in the voluntary adoption of XBRL using data from the United States.

scholarly journals Role of Antilipopolysaccharide Antibodies in Serum Bactericidal Activity against Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Healthy Adults and Children in the United States

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 1491-1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Estela Trebicka ◽  
Susan Jacob ◽  
Waheed Pirzai ◽  
Bryan P. Hurley ◽  
Bobby J. Cherayil
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
The United States ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Serovar Typhimurium

ABSTRACTRecent observations from Africa have rekindled interest in the role of serum bactericidal antibodies in protecting against systemic infection withSalmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium. To determine whether the findings are applicable to other populations, we analyzed serum samples collected from healthy individuals in the United States. We found that all but 1 of the 49 adult samples tested had robust bactericidal activity againstS. Typhimurium in a standardin vitroassay. The activity was dependent on complement and could be reproduced by immunoglobulin G (IgG) purified from the sera. The bactericidal activity was inhibited by competition with soluble lipopolysaccharide (LPS) fromS. Typhimurium but not fromEscherichia coli, consistent with recognition of a determinant in the O-antigen polysaccharide. Sera from healthy children aged 10 to 48 months also had bactericidal activity, although it was significantly less than in the adults, correlating with lower levels of LPS-specific IgM and IgG. The lone sample in our collection that lacked bactericidal activity was able to inhibit killing ofS. Typhimurium by the other sera. The inhibition correlated with the presence of an LPS-specific IgM and was associated with decreased complement deposition on the bacterial surface. Our results indicate that healthy individuals can have circulating antibodies to LPS that either mediate or inhibit killing ofS. Typhimurium. The findings contrast with the observations from Africa, which linked bactericidal activity to antibodies against anS. Typhimurium outer membrane protein and correlated the presence of inhibitory anti-LPS antibodies with human immunodeficiency virus infection.

US Republicans will block Supreme Court appointment

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Supreme Court ◽  
Civil Liberties ◽  
The United States ◽  
Divided Government ◽  
Federal Regulation ◽  
Role Of Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
To Come

Significance A new justice has the potential to change the tenor of the Supreme Court's rulings significantly for many years to come, on issues including the scope of federal regulation, campaign finance and the federal government's powers. Scalia was a vocal political and judicial conservative, and the upcoming political fight to appoint his successor will reflect the broader conservative-progressive debate about civil liberties, the scope of the Constitution and the role of government in society. Impacts The Obama administration is likely to see many of its administrative actions upheld, at least until his term ends next January. An open Supreme Court seat may boost turnout by conservative Republican voters worried about a moderate or liberal appointment. Appointment politics and numerous federal vacancies are likely to persist as a feature of divided government in the United States.

CFIUS issues final regulations on national security review of foreign investments in the United States under FIRRMA: broader reach, mandatory filings, and limited exceptions

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2/3) ◽  
pp. 143-149
Author(s):  
Sonali Dohale ◽  
Kara M. Bombach ◽  
Cyril T. Brennan ◽  
Renée A. Latour ◽  
Axel S. Urie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foreign Investment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Investment Risk ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Foreign Acquisition ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Risk Review ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose The article examines the sweeping changes to the review process undertaken by Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) as a result of the Foreign Investment Risk Review Modernization Act of 2018 (FIRRMA). The Article specifically reviews the long-awaited final sets of regulations, effective as of February 13, 2020, and analyzes their impact on the CFIUS process, as well as considers the implications of FIRRMA for parties to foreign acquisition, control, and investment transactions. Design/methodology/approach The Article begins with an overview of the CFIUS framework and a general explanation of FIRRMA. It then moves to an analysis of FIRRMA and the resulting changes to the prior CFIUS regime. The Article concludes with general considerations and provides recommendations for parties who may find themselves analyzing the potential applicability of CFIUS to foreign acquisition and investment transactions. Findings FIRRMA resulted in significant changes to the existing CFIUS regulatory framework. Practical implications Parties should learn the CFIUS changes as a result of FIRRMA, including the new mandatory filing requirements as well as implications for non-controlling investment transactions. Parties should include CFIUS analysis and planning in the earliest stages of deal planning and due diligence. Originality/value The article provides an in-depth review of the changes to CFIUS resulting from FIRRMA. The changes to the existing CFIUS landscape have resulted in new mandatory filing requirements and expanded jurisdiction over non-controlling investment and real estate transactions, which are discussed in the article.

German diplomacy averts Greek-Turkish conflict for now

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
The United States ◽  
Customs Union ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Common Position ◽  
The Eu

Significance The role of Germany, holder of the six-month EU presidency, has been crucial in averting war between Greece and Turkey. However, the EU has found it difficult to reach a common position on whether to impose sanctions against Turkish interests and has struggled to devise a clear strategy in the Eastern Mediterranean. Impacts Greece's military role in the Eastern Mediterranean will expand now that it is the most reliable US ally in the region. The EU will focus on a positive agenda with Turkey including the customs union and generous aid for migrants, at Germany's initiative. Greece will proceed with major arms purchases from France, the United States and other countries.

Job crafting and psychological capital: a multi-level study of their effects on innovative work behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 145-158
Author(s):  
Jin-Feng Uen ◽  
Rama Krishna Kishore Vandavasi ◽  
Kun Lee ◽  
Prasanthi Yepuru ◽  
Vipin Saini
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Job Crafting ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Innovative Work ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
Innovative Work Behaviour ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This study aims to test the cross-level effects of team job crafting on individual innovative work behaviour (IWB) and the mediating role of team psychological capital (PsyCap). Design/methodology/approach This longitudinal study tested a multilevel design in a sample of 163 employees, clustered into 45 teams. Job crafting and PsyCap were aggregated to the team level to examine the effects of team job crafting Time 1 on individual IWB Time 2. In addition, mediation analysis was tested to determine whether team-level job crafting Time 1 can affect individual IWB Time 2 through team PsyCap Time 2. Findings Results found that team job crafting was positively related to individual IWB, and the relationship was mediated by team PsyCap. Practical implications This study includes implications for adopting job crafting behaviour at the team level to improve individual IWB. Originality/value This cross-level study is the first to verify the effects of team job crafting on individual IWB and team PsyCap as a mediator. This study extends the literature on job crafting by using a multilevel design in the analysis.

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