FORENSIC ACCOUNTING EXPERTISE OF PAYMENT WITH PERSONNEL: PROBLEMS AND IMPROVEMENT

In modern conditions, forensic examination is of particular importance, which determines its further development as a scientific branch of knowledge and type of activity. Forensic accounting examination of labor and its payment includes determining the correctness of the calculation of wages to employees, planning the wage fund, the correctness of the application of forms of remuneration, calculation of wages (including incentive payments and additional wages, payment for holidays, weekends, downtime), the correctness of attributing to the composition of production costs (work performed, services rendered), payment or non-payment of wages. Forensic accounting expertise of payroll settlements with employees is one of the most demanded subtypes of expertise. However, problems remain in her methodology that need to be resolved. The aim of the study is to develop the theoretical foundations of forensic accounting expertise of payments to personnel. Due to the lack of standard methods, we propose the definition of the subject, object and tasks of forensic accounting expertise of settlements with employees on wages, the types of work of such an examination stage as research, as well as an algorithm for conducting expert research to identify cases of non-payment of wages to employees of the organization. These proposals will optimize the activities of the forensic expert-economist, contribute to the development of methods and organization of forensic accounting expertise, the correctness of calculations with employees on wages and their timely payment

Federal Accounting Standard (FSBU) 5/2019 – Inventories: An investigation of commodity operations during forensic auditing

Subject. This article focuses on accounting expertise that holds a unique position in the system of effective economic crimes and infringement prevention. Objectives. The article aims to identify the impact of the new Federal Accounting Standard (FSBU) 5/2019 – Inventories on the procedure for conducting a forensic accounting examination of commodity transactions in trade. Methods. For the study, we used a comparative analysis, systematization, induction and deduction. Results. Based on the research results, the article proposes a definition of the subject of forensic accounting examination of commodity transactions, and it reveals that the introduction of FSBU 5/2019 – Inventories into accounting practice contributed to the emergence of such examination objects as the fair value of goods and their impairment. The article also proposes to use in the activities of a forensic expert accountant the author-developed algorithms for conducting expert examinations. Conclusions and Relevance. The implementation of FSBU 5/2019 introduces new objects of forensic accounting examination of commodity transactions in trade, so the proposed algorithms for expert examination will contribute to optimizing the activities of the forensic expert accountant. The results of the study can be applied both in the theory and practice of forensic economic expertise.

Regulation of the Romanian Accountancy Profession – 100 Years Celebration. A History Lesson for Today’s Professionals

On July 15th 1921, the Official Journal of Romania witnessed the publication of the Law on the organization of the Body of Licensed and Expert Accountants. The longtime wish of higher school of business graduates thus became true, they established their first association in 1888. Since then, until the law was published, the regulation of the accountancy profession was the main topic of various discussions and attitudes, of several pleadings addressed to public authorities and debates held at the meetings of a multitude of institutes representing these graduates’ interests, grouped within the Union of Business Schools Graduates, subsequently the Body of Higher Schools of Business Graduates, which acquired legal personality in 1916. There were also other subjects, directly related to accountants’ activity, that drew the graduates’ attention, both before and after the law was published, such as: censors’ statute, accounting expertise, visas on trade registers; business education reform; the Body’s relations with authorities. A number of public figures linked their faith to asserting the accountancy profession, its regulation and the ongoing representation of its interests. We should mention here, among many other, Nicolae Butculescu, I. St. Rasidescu, Vasile M. Ioachim, Petru Drăgănescu-Brateş, Grigore Trancu-Iaşi, George Alesseanu, Spiridon Iacobescu, Alexandru Sorescu. An important activity of the Body was the organisation of congresses. They began taking place every two years, uninterruptedly, starting 1923 until 1939. The activity of the Body of Expert and Licensed Accountants was influenced by the political and social events of its time, especially since 1935. Beginning with 1940, its activity saw a significant decrease.

The effect of audit committee characteristics on forward-looking disclosure

Purpose This study aims to examine the effect of the audit committee characteristics on forward-looking disclosure. Design/methodology/approach The characteristics of audit committee that examined are audit committee expertise, audit committee meeting frequency and audit committee size. To measure the extent of forward-looking disclosure, this study did content analysis using a checklist of 22 forward-looking items. The samples of this research are 285 non-financial firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the year 2015. Ordinary least square regression is used for hypotheses testing. Findings The results of this study show that the audit committee accounting expertise, audit committee financial expertise, the frequency of audit committee meetings and the size of the audit committee have a significant positive effect on the forward-looking disclosure. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study examining the audit committee characteristics on forward-looking disclosure in the context of Indonesia, one of the emerging markets.

Corporate Social Responsibility, Audit Committee Expertise, and Financial Reporting: Empirical Evidence from Korea

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) involves multiple activities and is influenced by the cultural and legal environment of the country in which a firm is located. This study examines the role of audit committees’ (AC) financial expertise in the relationship between CSR and the earnings quality of Korean firms with high levels of CSR. Using a multivariate analysis, it investigates whether the ACs that include members with accounting expertise, finance expertise, or supervisory expertise individually affect a firm’s decision making. It also examines how ACs with diverse expertise contribute toward improving the financial reporting quality of firms with high levels of CSR. The results demonstrate that when there is a certified accountant in the AC of a firm that practices CSR based on ethical motivation, the earnings management through discretionary accruals is more strictly controlled. This is more effective when the AC comprises members with accounting and non-accounting expertise. This finding implies that the AC plays a positive role in improving the accounting information quality of firms with CSR excellence. Moreover, while the role of accounting experts in the AC is important for maintaining high earnings quality, combining other types of expertise creates synergy.

Performance of forensic accounting expert examination to determine income from illegal business activities: Specific methodological aspects

Subject. This article deals with the issues of determining the amount of income received from the implementation of illegal entrepreneurial activities, through the production of forensic accounting expertise. Objectives. The article aims to develop specific practical recommendations to use the forensic accounting expertise to determine income from illegal entrepreneurial activities in the investigation of illegal entrepreneurship. Methods. For the study, we used the methods of analysis, synthesis, systematization, and generalization. Results. The article presents a procedure for determining the income received by a commercial organization or an individual entrepreneur, in the process of forensic accounting expertise. It defines and proposes to apply a sequence of actions of the chartered accountant in solving the problem of determining the amounts of income from illegal entrepreneurial activities. Conclusions and Relevance. When investigating crimes related to the implementation of illegal business activities, it is impossible to do without the use of special economic knowledge. Forensic accounting expert examination is one of the most common forms of using such knowledge in the investigation of crimes under Art. 171 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation "Illegal Entrepreneurship". The methodology and organization of accounting expertise should be constantly developed and improved. The results of the study are of an applicable nature and can be used in the organization and production of forensic accounting expert examination in the practice of investigating crimes related to the implementation of illegal entrepreneurial activities.

Perícia contábil: a atuação do perito em processos trabalhistas / Accounting expertise: the performance of the expert in labor processes

A perícia consiste na busca e no alcance para obter provas, a fim de alcançar dados, com o intuito de esclarecer a Justiça sobre fatos ocorridos. Além disso, a perícia é elaborada através do parecer técnico de uma pessoa habilitada no CRC. A perícia trabalhista é uma das perícias em que o perito pode atuar para solucionar dados incorretos entre o empregador e o empregado. Assim sendo, o presente estudo teve por objetivo apresentar análise da atuação do perito contábil em processos trabalhistas, no âmbito da Justiça do trabalho, por meio de dados obtidos na Justiça do Trabalho e com um questionário evidenciando a atuação do perito-contador na visão dos profissionais. O trabalho classificou-se como uma pesquisa qualitativa e descritiva, sendo um estudo de caso múltiplos, com base no questionário enviado aos peritos. Durante a aplicação do trabalhado foi identificado a falta de dados que foi solicitado à Ouvidora da Justiça do Trabalho e a falta de retorno com as respostas do questionário enviado aos peritos. Após, foi realizada a coleta dos dados obtido através da ouvidoria e do questionário. A partir da descrição e análise dos resultados, foi possível concluir que a atuação do perito, nos processos, surge para contribui na tomada e para solucionar o litígio, e, ainda, auxilia na decisão do Juiz, pois o perito pode ser nomeado pelo Juiz ou por pelo menos uma das partes.

Audit Committee Accounting Expertise and Audit Quality – the Case of Going-Concern Opinions

This study examines whether audit committee accounting expertise and other audit committee characteristics promote or deter the likelihood of receiving going-concern reports from the auditors and whether such characteristics shield auditors from dismissals after the issuance of a going-concern report. The study finds no significant association between the likelihood of a going-concern report and audit committee accounting expertise or other audit committee characteristics. No significant association is also found for auditor dismissals following going-concern reports and audit committee accounting expertise. These results contrast with prior literature that examined data preceding the passage of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (hereafter SOX) or the period immediately thereafter. Additional analysis shows that audit committee accounting expertise is found to improve the information in going-concern audit opinions by reducing Type I errors, however. Overall, these findings shed light on the evolving role of audit committees in overseeing the auditors and have implications for regulators interested in improving audit quality and investors interested in improving the effectiveness of audit committees.

Determinasi Kemampuan Deteksi Kecurangan di Bidang Tindak Pidana Korupsi dengan Akuntansi Forensik sebagai Pemoderasi

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study were examine and analyze the effect of competence, professional skepticism, and experience on the ability of investigators in fraud detection with forensic accounting expertise as a moderating. The sampling method used was purposive sampling. The method of data analysis in this study was Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) using the WarpPLS 5.0 program. The results of this study are that competence has a significant effect, professional skepticism has no significant effect, and experience has a significant effect on the ability of investigators to detect fraud. Forensic accounting expertise weakens the influence of professional skepticism on firm performance, while forensic accounting expertise does not moderate the effect of competence and experience on investigators' ability to detect fraud. The contribution of this research strengthens the theory and previous research. ABSTRAK Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji dan menganalisis pengaruh kompetensi, skeptisme profesional, dan pengalaman terhadap kemampuan penyidik dalam deteksi kecurangan dengan keahlian akuntansi forensik sebagai pemoderasi. Objek penelitian ini adalah penyidik Komisi Pemberantasan Korupsi sebanyak 58 orang. Metode sampling yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling. Metode analisis data pada penelitian ini adalah Structural Equation Modelling Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) menggunakan program WarpPLS 5.0. Hasil penelitian ini adalah kompetensi berpengaruh signifikan, skeptisme profesional tidak berpengaruh signifikan, dan pengalaman berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemampuan penyidik dalam deteksi kecurangan. Keahlian Akuntansi Forensik memperlemah pengaruh skeptisme profesional terhadap terhadap kinerja perusahaan, sedangkan keahlian akuntansi forensik tidak memoderasi pengaruh kompetensi dan pengalaman terhadap kemampuan penyidik dalam deteksi kecurangan. Kontribusi penelitian ini memperkuat teori dan penelitian sebelumnya.

Tasks Of The Rights And Obligations Of An Expert Accountant In The Process Of Conducting A Forensic Accounting Examination

In the article the essence, legal-normal basics, designating necessity of judge-accounting expertise which is one type of expertise and formalization of its consequences were stated.