The protestant ethic and the spirit of democracy: what is the democratic effect of Calvinism?

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (9/10) ◽  
pp. 634-653
Author(s):  
Milan Zafirovski
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
Linear Effects

Purpose – The paper considers whether and how Calvinism as a specific type of religion, ideology, and social system impacts political democracy in modern society. In contrast to the previous sociological and related literature assuming only a positive or negative linear effect, the paper proposes that Calvinism exerts mixed positive-negative and non-linear effects on democracy. The purpose of this paper is to aim at making a contribution to the sociological theory and research on Calvinism and democracy and modern society in general. Design/methodology/approach – A combination of comparative and historical sociological methodology. Findings – The main proposition and finding is that whether Calvinism is likely to have a positive or negative impact on democracy is the function of its specific position within social structure and its concrete phase of development. Thus, different positions of Calvinism in social structure are linked to its differential consequences in aggregate for democracy, and various stages of its development to time-variable non-linear effects in sequence. Originality/value – This is a relatively novel finding innovating and expanding on the literature's assumption that Calvinism has a structurally uniform, either positive or negative, and linear, time-constant effect on democracy.

scholarly journals Forecasting stock price movement: new evidence from a novel hybrid deep learning model

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang Zhao ◽  
Zhonglu Chen
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Deep Learning ◽  
Hybrid Model ◽  
Stock Price ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Price Movement ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Deep Learning Model

PurposeThis study explores whether a new machine learning method can more accurately predict the movement of stock prices.Design/methodology/approachThis study presents a novel hybrid deep learning model, Residual-CNN-Seq2Seq (RCSNet), to predict the trend of stock price movement. RCSNet integrates the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, convolutional neural network (CNN) and the sequence-to-sequence (Seq2Seq) long–short-term memory (LSTM) model.FindingsThe hybrid model is able to forecast both linear and non-linear time-series component of stock dataset. CNN and Seq2Seq LSTMs can be effectively combined for dynamic modeling of short- and long-term-dependent patterns in non-linear time series forecast. Experimental results show that the proposed model outperforms baseline models on S&P 500 index stock dataset from January 2000 to August 2016.Originality/valueThis study develops the RCSNet hybrid model to tackle the challenge by combining both linear and non-linear models. New evidence has been obtained in predicting the movement of stock market prices.

Non-Linear Effects of Roll Damping Tanks on Ship Motions

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carsten Schumann ◽  
Ricardo Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Free Surface ◽  
Numerical Methods ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Ship Motions ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Roll Damping ◽  
Time Simulation ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Linear Effects

This article describes the application of two numerical methods of computing the flow in u-tube and free surface roll damping tanks. These methods account for the most important non-linear effects in tank flows. i) The programs based on these methods are integrated in a non-linear time simulation strip program. ii) Response curves of tanks are computed with the mentioned tank programs and the results are incorporated in a linear strip program. iii) With both strip programs (linear and non-linear), sea keeping computations are carried out and the results are compared.

Non Linear Effect on Wave-Induced Loads for Hull Structural Design: Bulk Carrier, Container Carrier, Vehicles Carrier

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kei Sugimoto ◽  
Yusuke Fukumoto ◽  
Junya Matsuwaki ◽  
Tatsuya Akamatsu ◽  
Shinsaku Ashida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrodynamic Pressure ◽  
Irregular Waves ◽  
Structural Safety ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Ship Motions ◽  
Bulk Carrier ◽  
Structural Rules ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Linear Effects

Abstract The structural rules of classification societies typically specify various loads corresponding to the most severe sea states which are expected to be encountered by a ship throughout her service life in order to ensure ship structural safety, and these rules also usually define a variety of simplified formulae to aid in the calculation of such loads. In most cases, such formulae have been developed using linear seakeeping codes and linear statistical predictions; such methods, however, do not typically take into account some complex phenomena due to theoretical and methodological limitations. For this reason, the use of values obtained through linear theory alone is often not sufficient to properly evaluate structural strength, and it is, therefore, necessary to consider other things such as non-linear effects and operational effects. Although the structural rules of classification societies normally take into account such effects, most of them generally treat such things simply as either a constant coefficient or as an implicit condition because of the difficulty of expressing such effects mathematically (i.e. as specific formulae) as well as a general lack of prior research related to such effects. In this paper, the authors present the results of tank tests and numerical calculations carried out in regular and irregular waves using a bulk carrier, a container carrier and a vehicles carrier, and discuss possible ways of improving the non-linear coefficients specified in the IACS Common Structural Rules (CSR) [1]. Load states, including their non-linear effects, were investigated by examining the behavior of ship motions and hydrodynamic pressure. In order to investigate the behavior of pressure in detail, the pressure acting upon the hull surfaces of the target ships was measured at over 300 locations using a FBG sensor, the latest in optical fiber sensor technology [2].

scholarly journals LPV robust servo control of aircraft active side-sticks

2020 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 599-609
Author(s):  
Guang Rui Zhou ◽  
Shi Qian Liu ◽  
Yuan Jun Sang ◽  
Xu Dong Wang ◽  
Xiao Peng Jia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Method ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
External Disturbance ◽  
Servo System ◽  
Slip Angle ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Civil Aircraft ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Lpv Control ◽  
The Impact

Purpose This paper aims to focus on the variable stick force-displacement (SFD) gradience in the active side stick (ASS) servo system for the civil aircraft. Design/methodology/approach The problem of variable SFD gradience was introduced first, followed by the analysis of its impact on the ASS servo system. To solve this problem, a linear-parameter-varying (LPV) control approach was suggested to process the variable gradience of the SFD. A H∞ robust control method was proposed to deal with the external disturbance. Findings To validate the algorithm performance, a linear time-variant system was calculated to be used to worst cases and the SFD gradience was set to linear and non-linear variation to test the algorithm, and some typical examples of pitch angle and side-slip angle tracking control for a large civil aircraft were also used to verify the algorithm. The results showed that the LPV control method had less settling time and less steady tracking errors than H∞ control, even in the variable SFD case. Practical implications This paper presented an ASS servo system using the LPV control method to solve the problem caused by the variable SFD gradience. The motor torque command was calculated by pressure and position feedback without additional hardware support. It was more useful for the electronic hydraulic servo actuator. Originality/value This was the research paper that analyzed the impact of the variable SFD gradience in the ASS servo system and presented an LPV control method to solve it. It was applicable for the SFD gradience changing in the linear and non-linear cases.

Non-linear effects of environmental regulations on economic outcomes

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 368-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiangtao Li ◽  
Jianyue Ji ◽  
Yi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Linear Relationship ◽  
Environmental Regulation ◽  
Labor Productivity ◽  
Environmental Regulations ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Economic Outcomes ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Linear Effects

Purpose There is no conclusive whether environmental regulation is a constraint or an incentive to the production development. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the non-linear effects of environmental regulations on economic outcomes from the combined perspective of labor productivity and environmental regulation costs. Design/methodology/approach Under the assumption of maximizing the utility of residents and maximizing the profit of firms, this research introduces a mathematical model that incorporates the promotion effect of environmental regulations on labor productivity and the costs of environmental regulations. On this basis, the authors analyze the non-linear relationship between environmental regulations and economic outcomes theoretically. This paper also conducts an empirical test using the panel data of 28 provinces in China from 1998 to 2015 through threshold regression. Findings Theoretical analysis shows that environmental regulations impose both the environmental regulation cost effect and the compensation effect on the labor productivity enhancement. The ultimate impact of environmental regulation on economic outcomes depends on the comparison of these two effects. Under the different intensities of environmental regulation, the magnitude of these two effects may not be equal. The empirical results further confirm the nonlinear relationship between environmental regulations and economic outcomes. Originality/value Previous studies have neglected the role of environmental regulations in improving labor productivity. This work’s main contribution is to propose a novel framework to study the non-linear relationship between environmental regulation and the growth of economic outcomes from perspective of labor productivity and the costs of environmental regulations.

scholarly journals Social stratification in the sociological theory of P. Bourdieu

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-43
Author(s):  
S. A. Baturenko
Keyword(s):  
Social Structure ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Sociological Theory ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
The Social ◽  
Modern System ◽  
Sociological Explanation

The relevance of the work is due to the transformations of the modern system of social stratification and opportunities for social mobility, as well as the need to find relevant approaches for their study. The article is devoted to reconstruction in a holistic form of the main provisions of the theory of social stratification of P. Bourdieu. His vision of the social structure of modern society is original and based on numerous empirical studies. The article analyzes the methodological foundations and features of the theory of social stratification of the French sociologist. Heuristic potential of one of modern constructivist methodological approaches to analysis of social stratification and social mobility is considered. P. Bourdieu significantly contributed to the fact that the sociological explanation of the modern system of social stratification is being transformed. He described the main characteristics of the social structure of a post-industrial society, the main trends in its development, developed proposals for using some categories necessary to explain it. Developing his own theory of habitus and the theory of social capital, P. Bourdieu proposes to explore the position of the individual, which is represented through a lifestyle. Bourdieu’s theory of social stratification can be applied to the problems of modern social inequality. The author of the article made an attempt to trace the research logic of the French sociologist, as well as show the relationship of various blocks of the theory of social stratification.

scholarly journals Observation of Hyperpositive Non-Linear Effects in Asymmetric Catalysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yannick Geiger ◽  
thierry achard ◽  
aline maisse-françois ◽  
Stephane Bellemin-Laponnaz
Keyword(s):  
Asymmetric Catalysis ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Quarter Century ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Chiral Amplification ◽  
Non Linear Effect ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Depth Study ◽  
Linear Effects

Asymmetric amplification is a phenomenon that plays a key role in the emergence of homochirality in life. In asymmetric catalysis, theoretical and experimental models have been investigated for understanding how chiral amplification is possible, in particular through non-linear effect. In the most remarkable cases, the degree of enantio-induction from a non-enantiopure catalyst can be as high as with an enantiopure reference system. Interestingly, it has been proposed a quarter century ago that chiral catalysts, when not enantiopure may be more enantioselective than their enantiopure counterparts, though such a case has never been observed to date. We show here than such hyperpositive non-linear effect in asymmetric catalysis is absolutely possible. A depth study into the underlying mechanism was carried out and our conclusion differs from the proposed models.<br>

Determinants of perceived internal service complexity

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corina Braun ◽  
Karsten Hadwich
Keyword(s):  
Service Quality ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hybrid Strategy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Internal Customers ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Internal Service Quality ◽  
Linear Effects

Purpose This paper aims to explore the determinants of perceived internal service complexity in internal service encounters. In this context, the nature of internal service complexity is considered, to identify its promoting and limiting factors, as well as its non-linear effects on internal service quality. Design/methodology/approach To acquire information on factors influencing internal service complexity, a broad literature review was conducted. Furthermore, to validate and verify these results, structural equation modeling’ was used in the context of a quantitative study with 705 internal customers. Findings The results revealed four promoting and seven limiting complexity determinants at organizational, interdepartmental and internal supplier-related levels. Moreover, the findings showed that an optimal, moderate level of internal service complexity maximizes internal service quality. Research limitations/implications As the findings are restricted to this study, further research should be conducted with regard to different types of companies and internal customers. Furthermore, future research should take variability over time into account. Executing a longitudinal approach to internal service complexity might therefore be appropriate. Practical implications Managers should note that exclusively reducing internal service complexity is insufficient; rather, a hybrid strategy of lowering and controlling is indispensable for an optimization. Based on the identified complexity determinants, a three-step guidance to optimize internal service is proposed. Originality/value Despite examining the construct complexity, previous research has neither analyzed internal service complexity nor studied its determinants. This paper provides an empirical model that analyzes inhibiting and promoting factors of internal service complexity as well as its non-linear effects on internal service quality.

Experiments on liquid jet instability

1970 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. F. Goedde ◽  
M. C. Yuen
Keyword(s):  
Wave Number ◽  
Liquid Jets ◽  
Liquid Jet ◽  
Audio Frequency ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Jet Instability ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Linear Effects ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Time Sequences

The capillary instability of vertical liquid jets of different viscosities have been examined by imposing audio-frequency disturbances. Real time sequences of photographs allow a direct measurement of growth rates of disturbances of various wavelengths. Results show that in general non-linear effects dominate the growth processes. This is in agreement with Yuen's analysis. The growth rate of the difference between the neck and the swell, however, agrees well with the linearized analysis of Rayleigh and Chandrasekhar. The non-linear effect causes a liquid jet to disintegrate into drops with ligaments in between. The sizes of the ligaments decrease with increasing wave-number. The subsequent roll up of the ligament into droplet, the eventual coalescing of the droplet with the main drop and drop oscillation have also been studied.

Two efficient computational technique for fractional nonlinear Hirota–Satsuma coupled KdV equations

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Prakash ◽  
Vijay Verma
Keyword(s):  
Fractional Order ◽  
Linear Time ◽  
Numerical Technique ◽  
Error Function ◽  
Computational Technique ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Coupled Equations ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
Homotopy Analysis ◽  
Sumudu Transform

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to apply an efficient hybrid computational numerical technique, namely, q-homotopy analysis Sumudu transform method (q-HASTM) and residual power series method (RPSM) for finding the analytical solution of the non-linear time-fractional Hirota–Satsuma coupled KdV (HS-cKdV) equations. Design/methodology/approach The proposed technique q-HASTM is the graceful amalgamations of q-homotopy analysis method with Sumudu transform via Caputo fractional derivative, whereas RPSM depend on generalized formula of Taylors series along with residual error function. Findings To illustrate and validate the efficiency of the proposed technique, the authors analyzed the projected non-linear coupled equations in terms of fractional order. Moreover, the physical behavior of the attained solution has been captured in terms of plots and by examining the L2 and L∞ error norm for diverse value of fractional order. Originality/value The authors implemented two technique, q-HASTM and RPSM to obtain the solution of non-linear time-fractional HS-cKdV equations. The obtained results and comparison between q-HASTM and RPSM, shows that the proposed methods provide the solution of non-linear models in form of a convergent series, without using any restrictive assumption. Also, the proposed algorithm is easy to implement and highly efficient to analyze the behavior of non-linear coupled fractional differential equation arisen in various area of science and engineering.

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