To be or not to be sustainable in an emerging market? Conjoint analysis of customers' behavior in purchasing denim jeans

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mônica Cavalcanti Sá de Abreu ◽  
Fabiana Nogueira Holanda Ferreira ◽  
João Felipe Barbosa Araripe Silva
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Hierarchical Bayes ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Sociodemographic Characteristics ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Offs

PurposeThis paper aims to investigate to what extent sustainable and nonsustainable attributes can be used to characterize different clusters of consumers in an emerging market, where economic conditions can increase the relevance of price. Consumers seem reluctant to engage frequently in pro-sustainable behavior, mainly for financial reasons. However, purchasing decisions can be understood as a multidimensional process.Design/methodology/approachThe authors conducted quantitative and descriptive research employing a choice-based conjoint/hierarchical Bayes (CBC/HB) experiment in malls in a low-income city in northeast Brazil with 1,287 potential buyers of denim jeans. The conjoint analysis therefore collected data on preferences in the course of actual decision-making. The authors then took the individual part-utility from each respondent and ran a cluster analysis to identify similar groups in the sample. The classification and regression tree (CART) method was used to determine the relationship between the conjoint attributes and the sociodemographic characteristics.FindingsThe data demonstrate that buying decisions constitute a complex process of interplay between many different factors, often involving trade-offs between a wide variety of nonsustainable and sustainable attributes. The survey confirmed that price is still of paramount importance when it comes to consumer choices. The authors also found that sustainable attributes played a relatively more significant role than brand or origin of production. The authors identify notable differences between groups of consumers in the “pro-sustainable” and “non-pro-sustainable” clusters and different levels of importance regarding the sociodemographic characteristics.Originality/valueAlthough price emerged as the most significant attribute, the research also demonstrates that there is a market in Brazil for products and practices based on a genuine commitment to the natural environment and social issues. The findings suggest that marketing managers and policymakers should consider different combinations of concerns over sustainability with product attributes and include sociodemographic variables rather than considering the textile market as uniform or thinking that there is no space for sustainability in fashion.

CareCross health: private healthcare for workers

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Cynthia Schweer Rayner
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Due Diligence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Preliminary Recommendation ◽  
The Impact

Subject area Impact investing, Social entrepreneurship. Study level/applicability MBA, EMBA, Executive Education. Case overview CareCross Health describes the impact due diligence leading up to an investment into CareCross Health by impact investor Palm Capital. The case follows the protagonist, Caitlin Stevens, CEO of Palm Capital, as she identifies CareCross Health as a potential investment target, performs an initial screening of the company and visits the company and its sites as part of an in-depth impact due diligence. Expected learning outcomes By the end of this case, the student should be able to consider the critical steps associated with conducting an impact due diligence; understand the challenges associated with conducting an impact due diligence, with a particular focus on due diligence in an emerging market scenario; analyse a potential impact investment, in this case CareCross Health, and make a preliminary recommendation on whether the investment is viable from an impact perspective; identify the trade-offs between private sector and public sector provision of services to low-income groups, and consider unintended consequences in analysing the impact of a social enterprise; and prepare possible scenarios and weigh the potential outcomes of various arrangements to ensure alignment of investor objectives. Supplementary materials Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes. Subject code CSS 1: Accounting and Finance.

Regulatory focus and construal level theory on low-income consumer indebtedness: Evidence from an emerging market

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia de Oliveira Campos ◽  
Marconi Freitas da Costa
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Regulatory Focus ◽  
Task Complexity ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Psychological Distance ◽  
Construal Level Theory ◽  
Construal Level ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Low Income Consumers

PurposeThis study aims to further analyse the decision-making process of low-income consumer from an emerging market by verifying the influence of regulatory focus and construal level theory on indebtedness.Design/methodology/approachAn experimental study was carried out with a design 2 (regulatory focus: promotion vs prevention) × 2 (psychological distance: high vs low) between subjects, with 140 low-income consumers.FindingsOur study points out that the propensity towards indebtedness of low-income consumer is higher in a distal psychological distance. We found that promotion and prevention groups have the same propensity to indebtedness. Moreover, we highlight that low-income consumers are prone to propensity to indebtedness due to taking decisions focused on the present with an abstract mindset.Social implicationsFinancial awareness advertisements should focus on providing more concrete strategies in order to reduce decision-making complexity and provide ways to reduce competing situations that could deplete self-regulation resources. Also, public policy should organize educational programs to increase the low-income consumer's ability to deal with personal finances and reduce this task complexity. Finally, educational financial programs should also incorporate psychology professionals to teach mindfulness techniques applied to financial planning.Originality/valueThis study is the first to consider regulatory focus and construal level to explain low-income indebtedness. This paper provides a deeper analysis of the low-income consumers' decision process. Also, it supports and guides future academic and decision-making efforts.

An aggregated and dynamic analysis of innovations in campus sustainability

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camille Washington-Ottombre ◽  
Siiri Bigalke
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Sustainability Assessment ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Campus Sustainability

Purpose This paper aims to compose a systematic understanding of campus sustainability innovations and unpack the complex drivers behind the elaboration of specific innovations. More precisely, the authors ask two fundamental questions: What are the topics and modes of implementation of campus sustainability innovations? What are the external and internal factors that drive the development of specific innovations? Design/methodology/approach The authors code and analyze 454 innovations reported within the Sustainability Tracking Assessment and Rating System (STARS), the campus sustainability assessment tool of the Association for the Advancement of Sustainability in Higher Education. Using descriptive statistics and illustrations, the paper assesses the state of environmental innovations (EIs) within STARS. Then, to evaluate the role of internal and external drivers in shaping EIs, the authors have produced classification and regression tree models. Findings The authors’ analysis shows that external and internal factors provide incentives and a favorable context for the implementation of given EIs. External drivers such as climatic zones, local income and poverty rate drive the development of several EIs. Internal drivers beyond the role of the agent of change, often primarily emphasized by past literature, significantly impact the implementation of given EIs. The authors’ work also reveals that EIs often move beyond traditional mitigation approaches and the boundaries of campus. EIs create new dynamics of innovation that echo and reinforce the culture of a higher education institution. Originality/value This work provides the first aggregated picture of EIs in the USA and Canada. It produces a new and integrated understanding of the dynamics of campus sustainability that complexifies narratives and contextualizes the role of change agents.

Impact investing in South Africa: managing tensions between financial returns and social impact

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eunivicia Matlhogonolo Mogapi ◽  
Margaret Mary Sutherland ◽  
Anthony Wilson-Prangley
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Social Impact ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Financial Returns ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
Impact Investing ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
The Impact

Purpose Impact investment is an emergent field worldwide and it can play an especially important role in Africa. The aim of this study was to examine how impact investors in South Africa manage the tensions between financial returns and social impact. Design/methodology/approach The research was based on 15 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders in the impact investment community in South Africa to understand the related challenges, trade-offs and tensions. Findings There are two opposing views expressed as to whether the tensions between financial return and social impact result in trade-offs. It is proposed that impact investors embrace this duality and seek to approach it through a contingency and a paradox view. The tensions can be approached by focussing on values alignment, contracting processes, engaged leadership and sector identification. The authors integrate the findings into a proposed framework for effective tension management in an impact investment portfolio. Research limitations/implications This study was limited to selected South African interviewees. It would be valuable to extend the study to other African countries. Practical implications The issue of values alignment between investors, fund managers and investee firms is an important finding for practice. As is the four-part iterative framework for sensing the operating environment, defining impact, organising internally and defining the investment approach. Originality/value This study contributes empirical evidence to scholarship around organisational tensions, especially work in hybrid organisations. It affirms the value of a nuanced application of paradox theory. It examines these tensions through the lived experience of impact investing professionals in an emerging market context.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Analysis of Cryptosporidium Species/Genotypes and Relationships with Other Zoonotic Pathogens in Surface Water from Mixed-Use Watersheds

2012 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 434-448 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Wilkes ◽  
Norma J. Ruecker ◽  
Norman F. Neumann ◽  
Victor P. J. Gannon ◽  
Cassandra Jokinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Infection Risk ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Odds Ratios ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Zoonotic Pathogens

ABSTRACTNearly 690 raw surface water samples were collected during a 6-year period from multiple watersheds in the South Nation River basin, Ontario, Canada.Cryptosporidiumoocysts in water samples were enumerated, sequenced, and genotyped by detailed phylogenetic analysis. The resulting species and genotypes were assigned to broad, known host and human infection risk classes. Wildlife/unknown, livestock, avian, and human host classes occurred in 21, 13, 3, and <1% of sampled surface waters, respectively.Cryptosporidium andersoniwas the most commonly detected livestock species, while muskrat I and II genotypes were the most dominant wildlife genotypes. The presence ofGiardiaspp.,Salmonellaspp.,Campylobacterspp., andEscherichia coliO157:H7 was evaluated in all water samples. The greatest significant odds ratios (odds of pathogen presence when host class is present/odds of pathogen presence when host class is absent) forGiardiaspp.,Campylobacterspp., andSalmonellaspp. in water were associated, respectively, with livestock (odds ratio of 3.1), avian (4.3), and livestock (9.3) host classes. Classification and regression tree analyses (CART) were used to group generalized host and human infection risk classes on the basis of a broad range of environmental and land use variables while tracking cooccurrence of zoonotic pathogens in these groupings. The occurrence of livestock-associatedCryptosporidiumwas most strongly related to agricultural water pollution in the fall (conditions also associated with elevated odds ratios of other zoonotic pathogens occurring in water in relation to all sampling conditions), whereas wildlife/unknown sources ofCryptosporidiumwere geospatially associated with smaller watercourses where urban/rural development was relatively lower. Conditions that support wildlife may not necessarily increase overall human infection risks associated withCryptosporidiumsince mostCryptosporidiumgenotypes classed as wildlife in this study (e.g., muskrat I and II genotype) do not pose significant infection risks to humans. Consequently, from a human health perspective, land use practices in agricultural watersheds that create opportunities for wildlife to flourish should not be rejected solely on the basis of their potential to increase relative proportions of wildlife fecal contamination in surface water. The present study suggests that mitigating livestock fecal pollution in surface water in this region would likely reduce human infection risks associated withCryptosporidiumand other zoonotic pathogens.

scholarly journals Multicenter Study of the Relationship between Carbapenem MIC Values and Clinical Outcome of Patients with Acinetobacter Bacteremia

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya-Sung Yang ◽  
Yung-Chih Wang ◽  
Shu-Chen Kuo ◽  
Chung-Ting Chen ◽  
Chang-Pan Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Susceptibility Testing ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
Regression Tree Analysis ◽  
Log Rank Test ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) offer different recommendations for carbapenem MIC susceptibility breakpoints for Acinetobacter species. In addition, the clinical efficacy of the intermediate category remains uncertain. This study was designed to determine the optimal predictive breakpoints based on the survival of patients with Acinetobacter bacteremia treated with a carbapenem. We analyzed the 30-day mortality rates of 224 adults who received initial carbapenem monotherapy for the treatment of Acinetobacter bacteremia at 4 medical centers over a 5-year period, according to the carbapenem MICs of the initial isolates. The 30-day mortality was about 2-fold greater in patients whose isolates had carbapenem MICs of ≥8 mg/liter than in those with isolates with MICs of ≤4 mg/liter. The differences were significant by bivariate analysis (53.1% [60/113] versus 25.2% [28/111], respectively; P < 0.001) and on survival analysis by the log rank test (P < 0.001). Classification and regression tree analysis revealed a split between MICs of 4 and 8 mg/liter and predicted the same difference in mortality, with a P value of <0.001. Carbapenem treatment for Acinetobacter bacteremia caused by isolates with carbapenem MICs of ≥8 mg/liter was an independent predictor of 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 4.218; 95% confidence interval, 2.213 to 8.039; P < 0.001). This study revealed that patients with Acinetobacter bacteremia treated with a carbapenem had a more favorable outcome when the carbapenem MICs of their isolates were ≤4 mg/liter than those with MICs of ≥8 mg/liter.

Consumer preferences for wine attributes in an emerging market

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ritu Mehta ◽  
Nivedita Bhanja
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Orthogonal Design ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
Indian Origin ◽  
Depth Interviews

Purpose The growing wine market in India presents a tremendous opportunity for marketers to formulate a strategy targeted at the Indian consumers. The purpose of this paper is to identify the attributes that are important for young wine drinkers in their selection of wine, the preferred option within the identified attributes and the relative importance consumers place on the identified attributes. Design/methodology/approach In-depth interviews were carried out to identify the attributes of primary importance in the wine selection process. Subsequently, conjoint analysis was conducted on the data collected through a survey of 252 respondents which ranked purchase intention of profiles derived from an orthogonal design. Findings In-depth interviews revealed five factors as important in the choice of wine, namely, price, brand, taste, origin and type of the wine. The results of conjoint analysis showed price as the most important factor, followed by the type of the wine. Red was the most preferred type. Brand, taste and origin follow up in that order of importance with millennials preferring to buy familiar brands, sweet wines and of Indian origin. Originality/value The study contributes to the wine consumer behaviour research by identifying the attributes that are important for marketing of wine to the large segment of Indian millennial consumers. The findings will help marketers to better position their wines in the Indian market. The study will also aid in the development of product, branding and pricing decisions.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Determinants of Vancomycin Efficacy in Enterococcal Bacteremia

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammed Taufiq Bin Jumah ◽  
Shawn Vasoo ◽  
Sanjay R. Menon ◽  
Partha Pratim De ◽  
Michael Neely ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Vancomycin Therapy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Regression Tree Analysis ◽  
Gradient Diffusion ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Mic Value ◽  
Enterococcal Bacteremia

ABSTRACTWhile pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic targets for vancomycin therapy are recognized for invasive methicillin-resistantStaphylococcus aureusinfections, scant data are available to guide therapy for other Gram-positive infections. A retrospective single-center cohort of patients withEnterococcusbacteremia hospitalized between 1 January 2009 and 31 May 2015 were studied. The average vancomycin AUC0–24was computed using a Bayesian approach. The MIC was determined by gradient diffusion (Etest; bioMérieux), and the average AUC0–24/MIC value over the initial 72 h of therapy was calculated. We assessed 30-day all-cause mortality as the primary outcome. Classification and regression tree analysis (CART) was used to identify the vancomycin AUC0–24/MIC value associated with 30-day mortality. Fifty-seven patients with enterococcal bacteremia (32E. faecium, 21E. faecalis, and 4 otherEnterococcusspp.) were studied. The median vancomycin MIC was 0.75 mg/liter (range, 0.38 to 3 mg/liter). All-cause 30-day mortality occurred in 10 of 57 patients (17.5%). A CART-derived vancomycin AUC/MICEtestvalue of ≥389 was associated with reduced mortality (P= 0.017); failure to achieve this independently predicted 30-day mortality (odds ratio, 6.83 [95% confidence interval = 1.51 to 30.84];P= 0.01). We found that a vancomycin AUC/MICEtestvalue of ≥389 achieved within 72 h was associated with reduced mortality. Larger, prospective studies are warranted to verify the vancomycin pharmacodynamic targets associated with maximal clinical outcomes and acceptable safety.

Moving the Needle on Evaluating Multivariate Screening Accuracy

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Yaacov Petscher ◽  
Sharon Koon
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Regression Tree ◽  
Classification And Regression Tree ◽  
Stanford Achievement Test ◽  
School Year ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Universal Screener ◽  
Screening Assessment ◽  
Screening Accuracy

The assessment of screening accuracy and setting of cut points for a universal screener have traditionally been evaluated using logistic regression analysis. This analytic technique has been frequently used to evaluate the trade-offs in correct classification with misidentification of individuals who are at risk of performing poorly on a later outcome. Although useful statistically, coefficients from a multiple logistic regression can be difficult to explain to practitioners as it pertains to classification decisions. Moreover, classifications based on multivariate assessments are challenging to understand how performance on one assessment compensates for performance on another. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate and compare the use of logistic regression with classification and regression tree (CART) models in the identification of students who are at risk of reading comprehension difficulties. Data consisted of 986 Grade 1 students and 887 Grade 2 students who were administered a screening assessment at the middle of the school year as well as the 10th edition of the Stanford Achievement Test. Results indicated that CART performs comparably with logistic regression and may assist researchers and practitioners in explaining classification rules to parents and educators.

scholarly journals All aboard the corporate socially and environmentally responsible cruise ship

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheree-Ann Adams ◽  
Xavier Font ◽  
Davina Stanford
Keyword(s):  
Conjoint Analysis ◽  
Consumer Preferences ◽  
Hierarchical Bayes ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Bayes Estimation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Price Duration ◽  
First Time ◽  
Sawtooth Software ◽  
Policies And Practices

Purpose The purpose of the study was to examine the relative importance of corporate social and environmental responsibility (CSER) in comparison to standard, price, duration, destination, brand and disruption using choice-based conjoint analysis (CBC). Design/methodology/approach CBC was used as the data collection survey technique, and counts analysis for preference and hierarchical Bayes estimation (HB) for importance levels data analysis methods, from Sawtooth Software Inc. Findings Results show that 2:1 Royal Caribbean Cruise Line cruise consumers prefer companies with CSER policies and practices. However, their actual product choice selection of cruise package attributes revealed that consumers overall placed less importance on CSER when choosing cruises. Experienced consumers were more brand image-conscious than those new to cruising, and consumers who were less price-sensitive were most willing to choose companies with CSER policies and practices. Research limitations/implications The information provided is specifically on “what” cruise consumer preferences and importance attributes are but does not explicitly explain “why” the respondents made the choices they did. This was at the time a limitation of the software used to conduct the study. Practical implications The Conjoint Analysis CBC Sawtooth Software pre-2014 version choice simulators do not facilitate questions that provide answers as to “why” respondents make the choices they do in the market simulations. Social implications The knowledge contribution is of value to both academia and industry, as the quantitative statistical data on the cruise consumers’ choice preferences are of value in understanding and identifying solutions/approaches towards “opening the bottleneck” that exists between private sector sustainable development practices and consumer lifestyle changes. Originality/value This was the first time that CBC/HB was applied within academia to examine the cruise consumers’ choice preferences in a UK context and also the first time that CSER was applied as a direct variable in a cruise package to determine the preference and important values of a brand in a consumer behaviour decision-making context.

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