Bullying behaviours among mentally disordered offenders in a medium secure unit

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the nature and prevalence of bullying behaviours and victimisation experiences among mentally disordered offenders within a medium secure unit (MSU). Design/methodology/approach – In all, 35 adult male patients completed the Direct and Indirect Patient behaviour Checklist-Hospital Version (DIPC-H). Findings – Indirect aggression was reported more frequently than direct aggression, although there was no statistically significant difference between the prevalence estimates. The most prevalent DIPC-H categories were the pure victim and not involved categories followed by bully/victim and pure bully. Membership of the pure bully category was predicted by being on a particular ward. Research limitations/implications – Given that the study was a preliminary investigation into the nature and prevalence of bullying behaviours in a MSU, the sample size is limited. Consequently, it is difficult to generalise the findings. It would be useful for future research to focus on differences between levels of security using larger sample sizes to enable a greater understanding of the prevalence of bullying in secure settings and associated factors. Practical implications – Further evidence is provided by the current research that indirect bullying and victimisation behaviours are reported more frequently by patients. The importance of anti-bullying procedures and interventions in secure settings is emphasised and recommendations that can be applied across various forensic settings are described. Better-informed interventions can then be implemented with the aim to manage bullying behaviours in secure settings. The one “pure bully” in the current study was on a rehabilitation ward. This highlights that such behaviours occur on lesser secure wards and serves as an important reminder to ensure that staff do not become complacent. Originality/value – As there is only one published study to date that has focused on bullying behaviours in a MSU, the current study will contribute to the dearth of literature in this area and assist professionals working in secure settings to better understand the nature and prevalence of bullying behaviours among mentally disordered offenders.

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“A new horizon?”: evaluation of an integrated Substance Use Treatment Programme (SUTP) for mentally disordered offenders

Advances in Dual Diagnosis ◽

10.1108/add-03-2015-0002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 90-101 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Helen Miles

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Substance Use Treatment ◽

Treatment Programme ◽

Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽

Male And Female ◽

Content Type ◽

Mentally Disordered ◽

Significant Difference ◽

One Year

Purpose – The treatment of substance use amongst mentally disordered offenders (MDOs) remains a challenge for secure forensic mental health services. The purpose of this paper is to present an integrated three-stage substance use treatment programme (SUTP) for male and female MDO’s in medium security. Design/methodology/approach – In total, 45 (72.6 per cent) MDO’s were referred (39 males/6 females). Standardised outcome measures were administered pre-SUTP, post-SUTP and at one year follow-up. Abstinence rates and location was determined via case notes at three year follow-up. Findings – All MDO’s had a past history of substance use, approximately three-quarters reporting problematic use prior to admission. Over half completed all three SUTP stages, less than 5 per cent dropping out during active treatment. The SUTP supported abstinence throughout the one year follow-up period and significantly improved MDO’s adaptive beliefs about substances and craving by one year follow-up amongst attendees. At three years, most MDO’s were in the community and almost three-quarters were abstinent. There was no significant difference in abstinent rates between community and hospital. There was a non-significant trend suggesting SUTP attendance supported abstinence. Both male and female participants appear to have benefited from treatment and satisfaction was high, reflecting the specific aims and objectives of treatment. Research limitations/implications – The small non-randomised sample from one area limits the generalisability of findings and statistical power. Originality/value – Findings indicate further support for the limited evidence base that small but clinically meaningful and maintained changes to problematic substance use are possible following integrated substance use treatment for male and female MDO’s.

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Service innovations: the Orchard Clinic: Scotland's first medium secure unit

Psychiatric Bulletin ◽

10.1192/s0955603600001641 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 27 (03) ◽

pp. 105-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

D. Nelson

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Forensic Psychiatry ◽

Psychiatric Care ◽

Government Policies ◽

Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽

Mentally Disordered ◽

Care Services ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Secure Unit ◽

The Government

The development of forensic psychiatry provision in Scotland lags behind that in other parts of the United Kingdom. Until recently, there were no medium secure units in the country and mentally disordered offenders (MDOs) requiring such care had to be managed in intensive psychiatric care unit (IPCU) settings. In November 2000, The Orchard Clinic, a medium secure unit sited at the Royal Edinburgh Hospital, was opened. This paper discusses the background to this development, the government policies setting out plans for the care, services and support of MDOs in Scotland, progress and work of the new unit to date and plans for developments in other parts of Scotland.

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Service innovations: the Orchard Clinic: Scotland's first medium secure unit

Psychiatric Bulletin ◽

10.1192/pb.27.3.105 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 105-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

D. Nelson

Keyword(s):

United Kingdom ◽

Forensic Psychiatry ◽

Psychiatric Care ◽

Government Policies ◽

Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽

Mentally Disordered ◽

Care Services ◽

The United Kingdom ◽

Secure Unit ◽

The Government

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Matching in the Kolm triangle: interiority and participation constraints of matching equilibria

Journal of Economic Studies ◽

10.1108/jes-06-2019-0254 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 47 (5) ◽

pp. 1039-1050

Author(s):

Wolfgang Buchholz ◽

Richard Cornes ◽

Dirk Rübbelke

Keyword(s):

Public Good ◽

Future Research ◽

Content Type ◽

The Public ◽

Income Distributions ◽

Good Economy ◽

Triangle Method ◽

Matching Mechanism ◽

Good Provision ◽

The One

PurposeIn this paper we show how the Kolm triangle method, which is a standard tool for visualizing allocations in a public good economy, can also be used to provide a diagrammatical exposition of matching mechanisms and their effects on public good supply and welfare. In particular, we describe, on the one hand, for which income distributions interior matching equilibria result, and on the other hand, for which income distributions the agents voluntarily participate in a matching mechanism. As a novel result, we especially show that the “participation zone” is larger than the “interiority zone”Design/methodology/approachWe employ the Kolm triangle approach, which has – compared to most other graphical methods for representing allocations in a public good economy – the advantage that it allows for showing the aggregate budget constraint, the levels of considered agents' private consumption, and the level of public good supply directly in the same diagram.FindingsThe Kolm triangle method can be used to visualize important effects of matching in an elegant way, so basically the increase of public good supply through matching. The interiority of matching depends on the income distribution and especially, on how the “interiority zone” is shrinking when the matching rate increases. Moreover, we were able to delimit the “participation zone” in the Kolm triangle. An important and novel insight is that the participation zone is larger than the interiority zone, which means that also corner matching equilibria in which only one agent makes a positive flat contribution to the public good may make both considered agents better off.Research limitations/implicationsCorner matching equilibria in which only one agent makes a positive flat contribution to the public good may improve all considered agents' welfare. How this welfare effect can be generalized to the case of different utility functions and matching rates will be an issue of future research.Practical implicationsThe examined matching mechanism finds application in many policy fields where public good undersupply is pending. International climate policy is one of these fields of application, for example.Originality/valueThe Kolm triangle method has been particularly helpful to describe the Nash equilibrium in the case of non-cooperative public good provision and to compare this outcome with Pareto efficient public good allocations. Furthermore, the Kolm triangle approach facilitates the analysis of mechanisms for attaining an efficient public good allocation like the Lindahl equilibrium as well as the study of preconditions and limitations faced by such mechanisms. An important and novel insight of our study is that the participation zone is larger than the interiority zone.

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Mentally disordered offenders in Zimbabwe and in England and Wales: a socio-demographic study

Medicine Science and the Law ◽

10.1258/rsmmsl.47.3.253 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 47 (3) ◽

pp. 253-261 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

S.B. Menezes ◽

F. Oyebode ◽

M.S. Haque

Keyword(s):

Standard Deviation ◽

Patient Survey ◽

Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽

Developed Country ◽

Case Register ◽

England And Wales ◽

Mentally Disordered ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Hospital Patients ◽

Mentally Disordered Offender

Our aim was to compare socio-demographic, clinical and criminal characteristics of mentally disordered offender patients in a special institution in a developing and a developed country. Zimbabwe data from 1980-1990 was obtained from a hospital patient survey, in a written semi-structured format. The English special (high security) hospital patients' data for the same period was obtained from the case register. The sample size for Zimbabwe was 367 patients (337 males, 30 females) and for England and Wales it was 1,966 patients (1,643 males, 323 females). The average age for Zimbabwean patients was 36 years, with standard deviation of 9.7; for England and Wales the average age was 29.7 with standard deviation of 9.6. There was significant difference in marital status in the two countries. Seventy-eight per cent of patients were single in England and Wales, compared with 49% in Zimbabwe. There were 20% illiterate patients in Zimbabwe, compared with 4% in England and Wales. Thirty-seven per cent of the patients in England and Wales had a diagnosis of personality disorder, compared with 6% in Zimbabwe. There were 53% of homicides in Zimbabwe, compared with 20% in England and Wales. Employment in the two countries was similar: 34% in Zimbabwe and 33% in England and Wales. There were differences in the socio-demographic characteristics in the two countries, except for employment status. Differences were also noticed in the diagnoses of the patients, types of crime and the methods of assault.

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Offenders with Mental Illness in Prison

10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199948154.013.26 ◽

2016 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sarah M. Manchak ◽

Robert D. Morgan

Keyword(s):

Mental Illness ◽

Mentally Ill ◽

Justice System ◽

Mental Illnesses ◽

Future Research ◽

Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽

Prison Management ◽

Mentally Disordered ◽

Prison Environment ◽

Offenders With Mental Illness

This essay describes trends in the number of mentally disordered offenders in prison and the unique challenges posed by them in terms of prison management and service delivery. The essay first explores why persons with mental illnesses are overrepresented in the criminal justice system, then discusses efforts to rehabilitate this population should not take place within the prison environment (and, if they do, what changes in current practices are necessary to adapt to the prison setting). How the challenges posed by mentally ill inmates are managed is also covered, with critical discussions of these strategies. Finally, an analysis of the changes that are needed to improve conditions for inmates with mental illness in prisons is presented, with a description of one promising program for treating these offenders. Suggestions for future research with this population that will help inform and improve prison conditions for offenders with mental illness are also provided.

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Attitudes toward cheating among business students at a private Kenyan university

Journal of International Education in Business ◽

10.1108/jieb-01-2019-0001 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Maria Rosario Catacutan

Keyword(s):

Undergraduate Students ◽

Student Behavior ◽

Business Students ◽

Content Type ◽

Ethics Instruction ◽

Significant Difference ◽

The One ◽

Attitudes Toward Cheating ◽

Ethics Courses ◽

One Way Anova

Purpose This study aims to investigate attitudes toward cheating among business students at a private university in Kenya and examine if a significant difference exists in cheating perceptions among students who have completed one or two ethics courses, and those who have done none. Design/methodology/approach A total of 554 undergraduate business students participated in this research. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the one-way ANOVA. Findings The results found that students perceived cheating in exam-related situations as quite serious, while cheating on written assignments was not considered a serious offence. Results of the one-way ANOVA indicate that there was a significant difference in the cheating perceptions ratings for the three groups. Post hoc comparisons using the Tukey HSD test indicate that the mean score for students who have done two ethics courses was significantly different from that of students who have done only one ethics course. Practical implications This study has a number of implications for educators and administrators. Ethics instruction cannot achieve its desired effect on student behavior without institutional support. Administrators also need to be cognizant of the influence that school environment has on student cheating. Faculty and university administrators can influence students’ behavior in the way they practice academic integrity in their teaching and administrative functions. Originality/value To the best of the author’s knowledge, this research is the first study to explore academic cheating at a private Kenyan university where ethics instruction is taught to undergraduate students.

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Criminal Responsibility Scale: Development and Validation of a Psychometric Tool Structured in Clinical Vignettes for Criminal Responsibility Assessments in Brazil

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2020.579243 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 ◽

Author(s):

Leonardo Fernandez Meyer ◽

Cláudia Cristina Studart Leal ◽

Alexandre de Almeida Souza Omena ◽

Katia Mecler ◽

Alexandre Martins Valença

Keyword(s):

Rating Scale ◽

Criminal Responsibility ◽

Youden Index ◽

Future Research ◽

Medical Institute ◽

Mentally Disordered Offenders ◽

Mentally Disordered ◽

Clinical Vignettes ◽

Psychometric Tool ◽

Responsibility Scale

Criminal responsibility assessment is undertaken by psychologists or psychiatrists to assess offenders' legal capacities, which vary among countries or regional legislations. There are two psychometric tools (i.e., checklists) validated for criminal responsibility assessment: the Roger Criminal Responsibility Scale, and the rating scale of criminal responsibility for mentally disordered offenders. Despite the existence of psychometric tools structured in clinical vignettes for evaluating legal capacities, none serve the purpose of assessing criminal responsibility. This study aims to validate a novel psychometric tool structured in vignettes for the assessment of criminal responsibility called the “Criminal Responsibility Scale.” We applied the tool to 88 defendants referred for criminal responsibility assessment in a forensic medical institute in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from December 2017 to December 2018. The validity of the Criminal Responsibility Scale and subscales were evaluated using confirmatory factor analysis. The two-factor solution proved satisfactory and met the needs for practical application of the tool (Kaiser–Meyer–Oklin = 0.82; p < 0.001). Moreover, the inter-rater reliability was evaluated by comparing the tool's final score with that of the expert's conclusion in each case and was found to be satisfactory (k = 0.667–1.0), with a resulting cutoff point of 30.50 (±2) and a Youden index of 0.509. Hence, the Criminal Responsibility Scale is an effective psychometric tool for assessments of criminal responsibility that may encourage future research in assessments of legal capacity with clinical vignette-based psychometric instruments.

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The implications of the revised code of corporate governance on firm performance

Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies ◽

10.1108/jaee-11-2012-0048 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 350-380 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Abdifatah Ahmed Haji ◽

Sanni Mubaraq

Keyword(s):

Corporate Governance ◽

Firm Performance ◽

Ownership Structure ◽

Market Performance ◽

Negative Relationship ◽

Future Research ◽

Data Sets ◽

Data Set ◽

Content Type ◽

The One

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of corporate governance and ownership structure attributes on firm performance following the revised code on corporate governance in Malaysia. The study presents a longitudinal assessment of the compliance and implications of the revised code on firm performance. Design/methodology/approach – Two data sets consisting of before (2006) and after (2008-2010) the revised code are examined. Drawing from the largest companies listed on Bursa Malaysia (BM), the first data set contains 92 observations in the year 2006 while the second data set comprises of 282 observations drawn from the largest companies listed on BM over a three-year period, from 2008-2010. Both accounting (return on assets and return on equity) and market performance (Tobin’s Q) measures were used to measure firm performance. Multiple and panel data regression analyses were adopted to analyze the data. Findings – The study shows that there were still cases of non-compliance to the basic requirements of the code such as the one-third independent non-executive director (INDs) requirement even after the revised code. While the regression models indicate marginal significance of board size and independent directors before the revised code, the results indicate all corporate governance variables have a significant negative relationship with at least one of the measures of corporate performance. Independent chairperson, however, showed a consistent positive impact on firm performance both before and after the revised code. In addition, ownership structure elements were found to have a negative relationship with either accounting or market performance measures, with institutional ownership showing a consistent negative impact on firm performance. Firm size and leverage, as control variables, were significant in determining corporate performance. Research limitations/implications – One limitation is the use of separate measures of corporate governance attributes, as opposed to a corporate governance index (CGI). As a result, the study constructs a CGI based on the recommendations of the revised code and proposes for future research use. Practical implications – Some of the largest companies did not even comply with basic requirements such as the “one-third INDs” mandatory requirement. Hence, the regulators may want to reinforce the requirements of the code and also detail examples of good governance practices. The results, which show a consistent positive relationship between the presence of an independent chairperson and firm performance in both data sets, suggest listed companies to consider appointing an independent chairperson in the corporate leadership. The regulatory authorities may also wish to note this phenomenon when drafting any future corporate governance codes. Originality/value – This study offers new insights of the implications of regulatory changes on the relationship between corporate governance attributes and firm performance from the perspective of a developing country. The development of a CGI for future research is a novel approach of this study.

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Design, manufacture and construct procurement model for volumetric offsite manufacturing in the UK housing sector

Construction Innovation ◽

10.1108/ci-10-2019-0108 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Jennifer Charlson ◽

Nenpin Dimka

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

Housing Association ◽

Geographical Location ◽

Future Research ◽

Housing Sector ◽

Manufactured Housing ◽

Content Type ◽

Significant Difference ◽

West Midlands ◽

The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this study is to gain insight into procurement routes and forms of contract used for volumetric offsite manufacturing (VOSM) in the housing sector of the UK West Midlands. Seminal literature and government reports have established the potential of offsite technologies to improve the supply of quality housing in the UK. However, the lack of a structured procurement route, common to manufacturing approaches in construction, has significantly contributed to delays in large scale adoption. Design/methodology/approach To achieve the research intention, an exploratory study was undertaken. A literature review of seminal literature and government papers was conducted to establish and benchmark current trends in context. Data was collected using focus groups and interviews with a housing association and housing VOSMs. Grounded theory was used to analyse data and inductively generate themes leading to an original procurement model. The issues identified in the delivery of volumetric housing were categorised into three themes. Findings The findings suggest a limited familiarity with offsite manufacturing (OSM) by housing providers. Albeit, a willingness to adopt these technologies to deliver housing were demonstrated by trial attempts. However, due to limited knowledge, the approach to procurement is by adapting existing procurement models, which are not ideal and obstruct the potential benefits of using offsite technologies primarily because of the significant difference in processes. Also, geographical location influenced procurement decisions when comparing cost with conventional procurement and the dearth of specific government incentives to deliver housing using offsite technologies. This study proposes a procurement model for VOSM. Practical implications The results have implications for decisions about procurement routes and contractual terms used by housing providers delivering volumetric offsite manufactured housing at scale. Although this study focussed on the West Midlands region, most of the issues identified were not geographically unique. Originality/value This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge on potential barriers to the adoption of OSM in the housing sector of the UK. The findings will be of value to stakeholders involved in delivering housing and offers a useful contextual basis for future research.

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