The determinants of corporate cash holdings: evidence from Shariah-compliant and non-Shariah-compliant corporations

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faisal Alnori ◽  
Abdullah Bugshan ◽  
Walid Bakry
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Cash Holdings ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Operating Cash Flow ◽  
The Difference

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the difference between the determinants of cash holdings of Shariah-compliant and non-Shariah-compliant firms, for non-financial corporations in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC).Design/methodology/approachThe data include all non-financial firms listed in six GCC markets over a period 2005–2019. The IdealRatings database is used to identify Shariah-compliant firms in the GCC. To examine the determinants of cash holdings, a static model is used. To confirm the applicability of the method applied, the Breusch–Pagan Lagrange Multiplier (LM) and Hausman (1978) are used to choose the most efficient and consistent static panel regression.FindingsThe results show that, for Shariah-compliant firms, the relevant determinants of cash holdings are leverage, profitability, capital expenditure, net working capital and operating cash flow. For non-Shariah-compliant firms, the only relevant determinants of cash holdings are leverage, net working capital and operating cash flow. The findings suggest that the cash holding decisions of Shariah-compliant firms can be best explained using the pecking order theory. This reveals that Shariah-compliant firms use liquid assets as their first financing option, due to the Shariah regulations.Research limitations/implicationsFuture studies may investigate the optimal levels of cash holdings and compare the adjustment speeds toward target cash holdings of both the Shariah-compliant firms and their conventional counterparts.Originality/valueThis study is the first to investigate the difference between the determinants of cash holdings of Shariah-compliant and non-Shariah-compliant firms.

scholarly journals The Determinants of Corporate Cash Holdings: Do Firm Characteristics and Industry Matter?

2018 ◽  
pp. 866-877
Author(s):  
Jing-Hui Kwan ◽  
Wee-Yeap Lau
Keyword(s):  
Emerging Market ◽  
Cash Holdings ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Firm Characteristics ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Sectoral Differences ◽  
Dynamic Panel Regression ◽  
Hospitality Firms ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Corporate Cash Holdings

We join a recent surge of corporate cash literature by using a sample of hospitality firms to gain a new understanding of corporate cash holdings. Existing literature predominantly refers to US-listed firms and focus on either hotels or restaurants and not the hospitality industry as a whole. Therefore, we provide a comparative study of cash holdings behaviour between hospitality and non-hospitality firms in an emerging market context. Using a sample of public listed hospitality firms in Malaysia firms from 2002 to 2013, dynamic panel regression techniques are used to study the relationships between firm characteristics and cash levels. Also, the non-parametric Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney test was carried out to examine the time and sectoral differences in cash holdings. The results reveal that firm characteristics do matter in hospitality firms. We also show that industry representation drives the difference in cash holdings between hospitality and non-hospitality firms. We find that firm size, capital expenditures, and liquid assets substitutes are negatively related to cash level. The results support trade-off theory and the pecking order theory. This study incrementally explains the cash holdings behaviour of hospitality firms in emerging market, such as Malaysia. This paper points to an avenue of investigation for future cash holdings research to include firm characteristics and industry as part of the cash holdings determinants.

Working capital requirements of manufacturing SMEs: evidence from emerging economy

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-385 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harsh Pratap Singh ◽  
Satish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Capital Requirements ◽  
External Factors ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Financial Leverage ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Operating Cash Flow

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze the effects of various factors like profitability, growth opportunity, financial leverage, assets tangibility, operating cash flows, age and size of firm on working capital requirements (WCR) of manufacturing SMEs in India. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a panel data regression model with fixed and random effect estimations. The data utilized in this study includes financial data of 254 manufacturing SMEs operating in India for the period 2010 to 2014. Findings The overall results of the study indicate that operating cash flow, financial leverage, profitability, sales growth and asset tangibility are the key drivers of WCR for Indian manufacturing SMEs. Profitability of firm and sales growth are found to be positively related to WCR. In contrast, asset tangibility, operating cash flow and financial leverage are found to be negatively related to WCR. Research limitations/implications This paper investigates firm-specific factors while ignoring external factors like GDP growth, business indicators and industry type. Further research can be done to assess the effect of these external factors on WCR. Originality/value This research contributes to the working capital literature by providing empirical evidence on determining factors of WCR in manufacturing SMEs.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF WORKING CAPITAL MANAGEMENT ON FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE AND OPERATIONAL CASH FLOWS OF COMPANIES ACCEPTED IN TEHRAN SECURITIES EXCHANGE

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-632
Author(s):  
Ali Asghar Sameni ◽  
Razieh Fakour
Keyword(s):  
Financial Performance ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Capital Management ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Working Capital Management ◽  
Operating Profit ◽  
Operating Cash Flow ◽  
The Difference

Purposes: Working capital management can have a huge impact on financial performance and operational cash flows. In this research, the effect of working capital management components on financial performance and operating cash flows have been investigated. Methodology: The data used in this study are financial statements of companies listed in Tehran securities exchange for the period 2007 to 2011. Results: The difference between sales and operating profit as a benchmark for measuring performance and the difference between operating cash flow and operating profit as a measure of operating cash flow has been used. Regression results show that there is no meaningful relationship between the components of working capital management with financial performance and operating cash flow. Implications/Applications: Net income represents the change in a business's financial circumstances incurred through that business choosing to run its revenue-producing operations for one specific time period. Because the business cannot choose to run its revenue-producing operations without incurring expenses while doing so, net income is equal to revenues minus expenses. Expenses are often divided up into additional categories for ease of comprehension. Revenues minus cost of sales is equal to gross profit; gross profit minus operating expenses is equal to operating profit. Novelty/Originality: The novelty of this study is a balance between current assets and current liabilities, as well as maintaining a balance between profitability and liquidity which can serve a great purpose in the economy.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Defisit Pendanaan Internal Terhadap Struktur Modal

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-29
Author(s):  
Andik Susanto ◽  
Novy Rachma Herawati
Keyword(s):  
Capital Structure ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Debt Ratio ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Dividend Payments ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Internal Funding

Companies  manage its capital structure in order to provide benefits to the company so as to encourage management to manage the capital structure so that the composition of debt or equity can be adjusted with the aim of management in selecting the composition. This research focuses on the pecking order theory by taking a sample of 33 property, real estate, and building construction companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange with the observation year 2015 to 2017. The purpose of this study is to see if there is consistency of research, as well as the previous studies to answer the research gap of extended pecking order theory model to see the effects of internal funding deficit and the debt ratio to the addition of forming internal funding deficit (dividends payment, additional working capital, investment and net cash flow) for additional debt ratio that can be used as a factor affecting changes in capital structure. The final results in this study support the hypothesis that the entire internal funding deficit has a positive effect on additional debt ratio. Dividend payments, additional working capital, net cash flow, and investment have a positive effect. So the company can be said to support the pecking order theory. Keywords—: capital structure; pecking order theory; internal funding deficit; dividend payments; additional working capital.

scholarly journals PENGUJIAN PECKING ORDER HYPOTHESIS DAN MANAGERIAL HYPOTHESIS

2010 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Go, Lisa Safira ◽  
Mudji Utami
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Managerial Ownership ◽  
Pecking Order ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Internal Cash Flow ◽  
Pecking Order Hypothesis

This research examines hypotesis that suitable with capital expenditure behavior of services industry in Indonesia. Pecking Order Theory argued that capital expenditure affected mainly from internal cash flow. However, managerial hypothesis argued that managerial ownership also affect capital expenditure amongst firms and on several cases the effect more keen that internal cash flow. The research uses 25 firms from Jakarta Stock Exchange from 2000-2005. The result showed lower managerial ownership will tend to increase the over-investment by managers, therefore the relationship between managerial ownership to capital expenditure. Meanwhile the research alos found a negative relationship between dividend to capital expenditure and align with Pecking Order Hypothesis.

scholarly journals Faktor- Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Cash Holding

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-41
Author(s):  
Fany Resti Fauzie ◽  
Anita Wijayanti ◽  
Purnama Siddi
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Cash Flow ◽  
Financial Management ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Cash Holdings ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cash Holding ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Working Capital

Increasing business competition pushes company to optimize financial management properly, especially on cash. Efforts should be made to manage cash by knowing the factors that affect the cash that must be owned by the company so that the use of cash can be utilized optimally. This study aims to determine the effect of Cash Flow, Capital Expenditure, Net Working Capital and Leverage on Cash Holding in Food and Beverage sub-sector manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2015-2018. The sampling technique using purposive sampling, so as to obtain a sample of 44. Data analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression using SPSS version 22. Based on the results of data analysis conducted shows that there is an influence of Cash Flow, Net Working Capital, Leverage Cash Holdings, while Capital Expenditure does not affect Cash Holdings. The benefits of this research are as a consideration for management in making decisions related to the factors that influence Cash Holding, as well as a consideration for investors if they want to invest in a company Keywordsi: Cash Holding, Cash Flow, Capital Expenditure, Leverage, Net Working Capital

Analysis of corporate cash holdings of firms in Malaysia

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaista Wasiuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Stock Prices ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Cash Holdings ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Order Theory ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Pecking Order Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Cash Holdings

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to understand the motives behind the levels of cash holdings and the theory that may be able to explain why these firms hold so much cash. Design/methodology/approach – Annual financial data and stock prices of 192 firms from six different sectors on the Bursa Malaysia are collected for the period 2000-2007. Analysis using the non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test is carried out to analyze industrial and time differences in cash holdings. The ordinary least square (OLS) regression technique is used to understand the relationships between various attributes with the level of cash holdings. Due to issues of endogeneity, the generalized method of moments method is also applied. Findings – Significant differences are found to exist in the level of cash holdings between firms and across time. It is found that firms adjust to a target level of cash holdings, although this is done relatively slowly. Also, significance of firm characteristics and their relationships with cash holdings indicate that other than the pecking order theory, the trade-off theory and the agency theory can help explain the level of cash holdings of firms in Malaysia. Originality/value – Most studies on cash holdings have been carried out in developed countries. Malaysia is an advanced emerging market with significant state control and firm structure being largely family-oriented. Hence, a study on a different market with different types of firm structures will contribute significantly to the existing literature on corporate cash holdings.

Determinants of Corporate Cash Holdings

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 416-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yogesh Maheshwari ◽  
K.T. Vigneswara Rao
Keyword(s):  
Panel Data ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Capital Expenditure ◽  
Cash Holdings ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Financial Policies ◽  
Panel Data Regression ◽  
Strong Positive Relationship ◽  
Development Expenditure ◽  
Corporate Cash Holdings

This article aims at examining the financial determinants of corporate cash holdings. The study employs panel data regression method. It uses the fixed-effects method based on Hausman test results for the estimation of panel data model. This study has implications that are beneficial for the business managers to have a better understanding and appreciation of the role and importance of the determinants of corporate cash holdings in formulating and evaluating the corporate financial policies. The results of the study indicate a strong positive relationship between cash holdings and cash flow, dividend payment, market-to-book ratio, net debt issuance and net equity issuance of the sample firms. It is also found that the cash holdings of these firms are negatively affected by net working capital, leverage, research and development expenditure as well as capital expenditure of the firm. The article will help researchers as well as managers to understand as to what motivates the firms to hold cash, given the fact that despite being often termed as a non-earning asset, firms generally hold more cash than their normal working capital requirement.

scholarly journals Simulation evidence on the properties of alternative measures of working capital accruals

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 378-394
Author(s):  
Javad Izadi Zadeh Darjezi ◽  
Homagni Choudhury ◽  
Alireza Nazarian
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Estimation Error ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Working Capital ◽  
Accrual Quality ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Uk

Purpose This paper aims to investigate the specification and power of tests based on the DD and modified DD model through the UK data between years 2000 and 2013, and make comparisons with tests using working capital accruals creating a measure of accruals quality as the standard deviation of the residuals value from firm-specific regressions base on working capital accruals on last, current and one-year-ahead cash flows from operations. Design/methodology/approach This study focuses both on the DD model and modified DD model to find out which of them can more accurately capture total working capital accrual estimation error and accrual quality. According to the DD model, the past, current and future net cash from operating activities as the three years’ operating cash inflows or outflows become omitted and correlated variables. In this study, the authors continue to document residuals from the DD and MDD models to demonstrate properties that are more consistent with behaviours of accruals estimation errors. Therefore, in this study, the authors are looking to compare the results from both the MDD and DD models and find which one of them is more effective in explaining the working capital accruals in the UK. Findings The authors find that adding additional explanatory variables may add additional explanatory power of variables to the DD model and extent to which accruals map into cash flow insights based on the UK data. This study is empirically well fitting with the internal workings of cash flows. As investors fixate only on the accounting earnings, they may fail to reflect fully on information contained within cash flow components and working capital accruals of current and future earnings. Originality/value The authors compare different equation to cover more items of working capital accruals. In addition, after examining earnings and accrual quality, the findings show that the average UK company behaviour was quite similar to the behaviour that was founded earlier for both models in the USA. Furthermore, this study results show that more volatility of sales, cash flow, accruals and earnings make a lower accrual quality. The results demonstrate that both models can capture the power to predict working capital accruals. Moreover, we find that adding additional explanatory variable of employee growth rate adds additional explanatory variables to DD model.

scholarly journals FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI CASH HOLDINGS PERUSAHAAN DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA

2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Suherman Suherman
Keyword(s):  
Cash Flow ◽  
Stock Exchange ◽  
Cash Holdings ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Sales Growth ◽  
Financial Firms ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Cash Conversion Cycle ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Negative Effect

The purpose of this study is to examine determinants of cash holdings of non-financial firms listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange between 2012 and 2015. Sample of this research covers 328 firms (1312 observations). This research employs fixed effect model. The results show that net working capital and sales growth have positive effects on cash holding, while firm size has negative effect. Cash flow, cash flow variability, cash conversion cycle, liquidity, leverage do not affect the cash holdings.

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