Research Watch: therapists’ working conditions and their implications for service users’ social inclusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-11
Author(s):  
Sue Holttum
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Additional Stress ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight possible implications of therapists’ working conditions on social inclusion of service users. Design/methodology/approach A search was carried out for recent papers on cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) therapists. Findings One study highlighted that over half of their sample of 201 UK therapists in Improving Access to Psychological Therapy (IAPT) services reported burnout. In a second study, in interviews with ten IAPT workers in inner London services, therapists said they had to fight for extra time to adapt CBT for people who had learning disabilities, and the additional stress made them feel less positive about working with these clients. A third study, on therapists working with people with multiple sclerosis, highlights the importance of adapting CBT for people with physical conditions. Originality/value Taken together, these three papers highlight concerning implications of current working conditions for many therapists working in IAPT services. They highlight that sources of stress include services’ rigid focus on targets and inability to make expected adjustments. With regard to the UK, this may be due to the current national service model, but it has implications for the social inclusion of some service users.

scholarly journals PROFILE SURVEY OF WASTE PICKERS IN BRAZIL: REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF A COLLECTION VEHICLE AND OPTIMIZED ROUTING

2013 ◽  
pp. 231-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naiara Francisca Ramos ◽  
Armando Borges Castilhos Jr. ◽  
Fernando Antonio Forcellini ◽  
Odacir Dionísio Graciolli
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Structure ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Support System ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The Social ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Operational Structure ◽  
Waste Pickers

This study presents information collected from waste pickers in the southern, south-eastern and north-eastern regions of Brazil to guide the development of a collection vehicle and a support system for the definition of collecting routes. The study had three objectives: to specify the profile of waste pickers of recyclable materials in the three surveyed regions; to diagnose the working conditions of individuals linked to associations and cooperatives of waste pickers and to identify the physical and operational structure of the waste picker organizations. To reach these objectives questionnaires were issued to waste pickers linked to associations and cooperatives that collect recyclables using human- or animal-powered vehicles and to the waste picker organizations themselves. Based on the results of this study, we are able to provide the requirements for the development of the collection vehicle, to draw a profile of the waste pickers in the three study regions and have better understanding of the working and physical conditions and the organizational structure of waste picker entities. It can be concluded that waste pickers suffer several forms of deprivation, resulting in the marginalization, prejudice and exclusion of individuals who conduct this work, making it essential to promote actions that contribute to the social inclusion of waste pickers in their productive segment.

Research Watch: talking therapy for anxiety and social difficulties may improve social inclusion after diagnosis with schizophrenia

2014 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-12
Author(s):  
Sue Holttum
Keyword(s):  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Social Situations ◽  
Anxiety Group ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychological Therapies ◽  
Intervention Service ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Social Difficulties

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to summarize two 2013 papers on psychological therapies for people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Design/methodology/approach – The first paper is a report of a small study of cognitive behaviour therapy for anxiety in people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia attending an early intervention service. The second paper is a review of several studies looking at therapies to help people understand what others are feeling and thinking, and so cope better in social situations. Findings – Out of 11 people referred to the anxiety group, seven stayed until the end. Their self-rated anxiety and depression decreased significantly. The review of therapies for social situations suggests that there is a need for more than just training in understanding other people. It is probably necessary to offer a package of therapy that involves role-play and practising skills in actual situations, and possibly involving friends or family members. Originality/value – These papers report on therapies that have only recently begun to be considered for people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. It seems much more attention needs to be paid to helping people with anxiety when they have this diagnosis, and also to helping people cope in social situations so that they can participate in important social activities and work.

scholarly journals Coping with cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis, adapting it for another culture, and community inclusion

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 107-113
Author(s):  
Sue Holttum
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Qualitative Studies ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Community Groups ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight what helps and what is difficult about cognitive behaviour therapy for psychosis (CBTp) in relation to recovery and social inclusion, how it can be adapted for a non-western culture, and how inclusion in communities in which people feel comfortable can help their recovery. Design/methodology/approach – Three journal articles are described. The first summarises six small qualitative studies involving interviews with UK service users about what they found helpful and challenging about CBTp. The second article reports on a pilot trial of CBTp adapted for the culture in Pakistan, where families are seen as more involved in service users’ care. The third article describes USA-based participants’ engagement with different communities as part of their recovery. Findings – UK service users appreciated feeling equal to their therapist in CBTp, receiving an understandable explanation of their difficulties, and support for gradual steps towards activities they valued. However, it was difficult revisiting traumatic pasts to understand their difficulties, and UK mental health culture may hamper taking an active role in treatment. In Pakistan, CBTp can be successfully adapted to include a key family member and local spiritual beliefs. In a USA context, service users developed competencies in community groups they valued, and these could be minority or service user communities where people felt comfortable and could make a contribution. Originality/value – The experiences of service users of CBTp are rarely collated from several qualitative studies, and important themes came from doing so. It may be important to understand current barriers to doing CBTp homework and the effect of some aspects of mental health services on people’s readiness to take an active role. Studies of adapting CBTp for non-western cultures are rare, but it seemed successful in Pakistan, adopting a bio-psycho-spiritual-social model. The qualitative study of people’s engagement in US community groups highlights the importance of not dismissing engagement in minority groups for people’s recovery, rather than only the “wider” community.

scholarly journals The characteristics and treatment needs of fire setters with intellectual disability: descriptive data and comparisons between offence type

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 82-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashlee Curtis ◽  
Keith R. McVilly ◽  
Andrew Day ◽  
William R. Lindsay ◽  
John L. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Sex Offenders ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Treatment Needs ◽  
Sexual Offences ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Offending Behaviour ◽  
The Uk

Purpose Fire setters who have an intellectual disability (ID) are often identified as posing a particular danger to the community although relatively little is known about their characteristics, treatment and support needs. The paper aims to discuss this issue. Design/methodology/approach This study describes the characteristics of 134 residents of low, medium and high security ID facilities in the UK who have either an index offence of arson, a violent index offence or a sexual index offence. Findings Index arson offenders who had an ID had multiple prior convictions, a history of violent offending and a high likelihood of having a comorbid mental disorder. There were many shared characteristics across the three groups. Practical implications The current study suggests that offenders who have ID who set fires have treatment needs that are similar to those of violent and sex offenders. It follows that fire setters who have an ID may also benefit from participating in more established offending behaviour treatment programs, such as cognitive behaviour therapy programs, developed for other types of offender. Originality/value This study is one of the few which has investigated the characteristics and treatment needs of persons who have an ID who set fires. In particular, it is one of the first to compare the characteristics and treatment needs for persons with ID who set fires, to those who have committed violent and sexual offences.

scholarly journals Understanding Black and Minority Ethnic service user's experience of racism as part of the assessment, formulation and treatment of mental health problems in cognitive behaviour therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Beck
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Engagement Process ◽  
Minority Ethnic

AbstractExperiences of racism can be a cumulative risk factor for developing mental health problems. Cognitive Behaviour Therapists working with Black and Minority Ethnic (BME) service users should be confident in their ability to establish the necessary rapport to ask about these experiences and be able to incorporate this information into longitudinal formulations and as part of maintenance cycles. This paper sets out guidelines as to how to do this as part of a wider engagement process.

scholarly journals Adherence and competence assessment in studies of CBT for psychosis: current status and future directions

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Fowler ◽  
R. Rollinson ◽  
P. French
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Making Sense ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Careful Assessment

All good quality trials of psychological interventions need to check formally that therapists have used the techniques prescribed in the published therapy manuals, and that the therapy has been carried out competently. This paper reviews methods of assessing adherence and competence used in recent large-scale trials of Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT) for psychosis in the UK carried out by our research groups. A combination of the Cognitive Therapy Rating Scale and specific versions of the Cognitive Therapy for Psychosis Adherence Scales provides an optimal assessment of adherence and competence. Careful assessment of the competence and adherence can help identify the procedures actually carried out with individuals within trials. The basic use of such assessments is to provide an external check on treatment fidelity on a sample of sessions. Such assessment can also provide the first step towards moving research towards making sense of CBT for psychosis as a complex intervention and identifying which techniques work for which problems of people with psychosis, at which stages of disorder?

scholarly journals Employing neo-Durkheimian institutional theory in cross-cultural accounting research

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 1270-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Mark Linsley ◽  
Alexander Linsley ◽  
Matthias Beck ◽  
Simon Mollan
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Theory ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Accounting Research ◽  
Mary Douglas ◽  
The Social ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to propose Neo-Durkheimian institutional theory, developed by the Durkheimian institutional theory, as developed by anthropologist Mary Douglas, as a suitable theory base for undertaking cross-cultural accounting research. The social theory provides a structure for examining within-country and cross-country actions and behaviours of different groups and communities. It avoids associating nations and cultures, instead contending any nation will comprise four different solidarities engaging in constant dialogues. Further, it is a dynamic theory able to take account of cultural change. Design/methodology/approach The paper establishes a case for using neo-Durkheimian institutional theory in cross-cultural accounting research by specifying the key components of the theory and addressing common criticisms. To illustrate how the theory might be utilised in the domain of accounting and finance research, a comparative interpretation of the different experiences of financialization in Germany and the UK is provided drawing on Douglas’s grid-group schema. Findings Neo-Durkheimian institutional theory is deemed sufficiently capable of interpreting the behaviours of different social groups and is not open to the same criticisms as Hofstede’s work. Differences in Douglasian cultural dialogues in the post-1945 history of Germany and the UK provide an explanation of the variations in the comparative experiences of financialization. Originality/value Neo-Durkheimian institutional theory has been used in a wide range of contexts; however, it has been little used in the context of accounting research. The adoption of the theory in future accounting research can redress a Hofstedian-bias in accounting research.

Cognitive behaviour therapies for children and families

2012 ◽  
pp. 1777-1787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Graham
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Behaviour Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Mental Activity ◽  
Behaviour Therapy ◽  
New Information ◽  
Effective Combination ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cognitive Behaviour ◽  
Mental Schemas ◽  
Behavioural Theories

Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) is derived from both behavioural and cognitive theories. Using concepts such as operant conditioning and reinforcement, behavioural theories treat behaviour as explicable without recourse to description of mental activity. In contrast, mental activity is central to all concepts derived from cognitive psychology. Both sets of theories have been of value in explaining psychological disorders and, in the design of interventions they have proved an effective combination. Central to that part of cognitive theory that is relevant to CBT is the concept of ‘schemas’, first described in detail by Jean Piaget. A schema is a mental ‘structure for screening, coding, and evaluating impinging stimuli’. The origin of mental schemas lies in the pre-verbal phase when material is encoded in non-verbal images that, as the child's language develops, gradually become verbally labelled. They form part of a dynamic system interacting with an individual child's physiology, emotional functioning, and behaviour with their operation depending on the social context in which the child is living. There are similarities but also differences between schemas and related concepts in psychoanalysis, such as Freudian ‘complexes’ and Kleinian ‘positions’. Schemas can be seen as organized around anything in the child's world, especially objects, beliefs, or emotions. They develop from past experience. The processing of new information in relation to such schemas can usefully be seen as involving the evaluation of discrepancies between information that is received and information that is expected. If there is a discrepancy, (the information not corresponding with that expected), then during the coding process information may be distorted so that it no longer creates discomfort, or, more adaptively, it may be incorporated into a modified schema.

European Collaboration of Healthcare and Art with Focus on Social Inclusion and Wellbeing

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 31-39
Author(s):  
Anita Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Social Engagement ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
European Collaboration ◽  
Arts And Health ◽  
The Social ◽  
Tate Modern

This article examines the health benefits, for healthcare service users with various disabilities, of participating in a European collaborative art project. The first section describes the organisations involved and the background for the project. The findings – based on evaluations, testimonies and interviews – suggest that the project promoted wellbeing; stimulated a changed notion of social identity; and also contributed to social engagement and inclusion. The second section starts with considering the role of the Community Learning Programme at Tate Modern Gallery in delivering inclusive workshops, and evaluates it with respect to service users’ needs; this section concludes by questioning the social role of galleries and museums and explores how these could contribute significantly to the health and wellbeing of local communities by promoting arts and health programmes.

Mental health, social inclusion and the development of vocational services in the NHS – what can be learnt?

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Bertram
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Descriptive Case Study ◽  
Personal Bias ◽  
Vocational Goals

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the learning from a historical NHS vocational service development that focused on: mental health, employment and social inclusion – in an inner city area – involving service users, staff and commissioners. Design/methodology/approach It is a descriptive case study. A range of historical documents was content analysed and described through a first-person narrative: service user consultations, service specifications, audit records, outcome frameworks, internal service evaluations and published literature. Findings When vocational NHS service developments are grounded in what service users say helps them (person-centred, networked and co-ordinated approaches) the evidence indicates people can achieve their vocational goals. Research limitations/implications The range of documents described is factual, although the learning insights from some of the service developments are based on personal judgements. The author was the responsible manager – personal bias is high. There is not enough robust evidence to warrant generalisation. Practical implications When employment and social inclusion are prioritised, as core business in NHS, outcomes and health impact can increase. Greater detail is needed from healthcare policy makers – focusing on who exactly should undertake this work and what the key commissioning social inclusion performance indicators are. Originality/value The bulk of literature on employment support focuses on promoting evidence from one model: individual placement and support. Evidence here indicates a broader range of activity (education, training and volunteering) can have value and health impact.

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