Dysphagia

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-413
Author(s):  
Charles C. Broz ◽  
Rhonda K. Hammond
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Career Choice ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
And Training

Purpose – The purpose of this study was to survey current culinary, hospitality and nutrition students to determine their level of knowledge about dysphagia, or swallowing impairment, and the dysphagia diet. In addition, the study provided a means by which to gauge current students’ awareness of health-care foodservice as a career option. Design/methodology/approach – A pilot study conducted in 2009 indicated that health-care foodservice workers were unaware of many of the risks associated with the dysphagia diet. A second study was conducted in 2012 to obtain an idea of the perceptions and knowledge levels of culinary, hospitality and nutrition students about dysphagia. Subjects included students across the three disciplines at two large universities in the Midwestern USA, and a private culinary school on the east coast of the USA. The instrument consisted of a traditional paper survey containing 18 questions. A total sample size of n = 139 surveys was collected and analyzed. Findings – Results of the survey suggests that current university students are lacking in some areas of knowledge concerning dysphagia patients and their dietary needs. Education and training are indicated, as the number of patients suffering from some degree of dysphagia is only going to increase as the US population ages. Findings also indicate that many introductory-level students are unaware of health-care foodservice as a viable career choice in industry. Research limitations/implications – The primary limitations to this research were the relatively small sample size, and the fact that most students surveyed were not interested or aware of health-care foodservice as a viable industry career choice. This study would be greatly enhanced by contacting professors/instructors at several universities representing the Northeast, Midwest, and east and west coasts of the USA. Educating future foodservice professionals at the introductory level would allow industry leaders to make students aware of this large and necessary sector of the foodservice industry. Likewise, there is no doubt that food preparers, food deliverers and foodservice managers in health care will come in contact with a patient with some level of dysphagia as our population ages. More research to strengthen this body of data is indicated, as are similar studies across broader ranges of the population. Practical implications – The occurrence of dysphagia is growing as the US population ages. That fairly little research has been done is somewhat alarming. There is a need for standardization of recipe formulas, benchmarking viscosities of dietary liquids and solids and training of food preparers. The symptom is found in very large populations in the USA, as well as in Europe. Also, the fact that dysphagia has so many potential causes makes the symptom that much more of a health issue. More research is certainly called for to better prepare potential institutional foodservice employees for the next 20 years. Originality/value – Millions of Americans currently suffer from at least some degree of dysphagia. This number is expected to increase as the Baby Boomer generation reaches retirement age. The USA will be populated by more elderly people than ever before, and will thus host more individuals suffering from swallowing impairment. Health-care foodservice, including hospital and long-term care foodservice will certainly become a viable career choice for current students of culinary arts, nutrition and hospitality.

Improving the American health system: moving from inglorious socialism to the free market

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 482-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raj Aggarwal ◽  
Jerry Bohinc
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
Free Market ◽  
Social Implications ◽  
Regulatory Capture ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Care System

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present the three critical changes needed to reform the US health care system – these changes will drive cascades of other beneficial changes. These three changes include the use of transparent market prices, alignment of incentives and systematic assessment and ratings of quality. Design/methodology/approach – The paper used an analysis based on the literature on the comparison between non-market and market systems. The current US health care system is similar to the Soviet economic system, and the paper proposes moving it gradually to where it can respond to market-based signals. Findings – The US health care system needs to adopt transparent and real pricing, independent quality assessment of health provider organizations and portable electronic patient records. These changes will lead to continuing cascades of innovation and improvement. Research limitations/implications – The recommended changes will be opposed by vested interest groups, and so will be easier with regulatory guidance and encouragement. It would also be useful to protect against “regulatory capture” by interested parties during the change process. Practical implications – Health care in the USA will gradually become better and cheaper. Health organizations will become more transparent. Regulators would have to set up and supervise private quality ratings agencies. Social implications – Social implications of this paper include greater labor mobility and higher productivity, as well as increased competitiveness of the USA. Originality/value – In spite of numerous writings on the subject, this issue has not been analyzed in this way. This paper is unique in the way in which it layouts the process of movement to a market-based system for the US health care system.

Leveraging supply chain infrastructure to advance patient safety in community health-care settings

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-275
Author(s):  
Anne W. Snowdon ◽  
Deborah Tallarigo
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Supply Chain ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Medical Error ◽  
Community Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Care Settings ◽  
The Usa

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the opportunity for supply chain processes and infrastructure to reduce the risk of medical error and create traceability of adverse events in community care settings. Patient safety has become an important area of focus over the past few decades, with medical error now accounting for the third most common cause of death in Canada and the USA. The majority of patient safety studies to date have focused specifically on safety in hospital settings; however, deaths and harm experienced by patients in the community (home care, long-term care, complex care and rehabilitation settings) are not well understood. Design/methodology/approach This paper discusses the evidence that adverse events occur at similar, if not more, frequent rates in community care settings. Findings The authors propose that above and beyond current efforts to increase awareness and promote a “safety culture” in health-care settings, system infrastructure should be designed in a way that enables clinicians to provide the safest care possible. There is currently no line of sight across the health-care continuum. The authors suggest that improving system infrastructure would reduce the occurrence of adverse events. Originality/value Such visibility across the continuum of care holds the potential to transform health-care in Canada from a fragmented system, where information is inadequately captured and transferred from provider to provider, to a system that provides complete, accurate and up-to-date information regarding patient care, procedures, medications and outcomes so as to provide the best and safest care possible. System visibility achieves quality and safe care, which is transparent and accountable and achieves value for patients.

scholarly journals Iran and COVID-19: Domestic Preparedness and International Sanctions

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 451
Author(s):  
M Muttaqien
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care System ◽  
National Health ◽  
Economic Stability ◽  
National Health Care ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The One ◽  
The Relationship

Iran adalah salah satu negara yang angka korban yang terpapar dan meninggal karena COVID-19 termasuk sangat tinggi. Paper ini membahas tentang bagaimana Iran di tengah sanksi Amerika Serikat berusaha menghadapi pandemi ini. Strategi Iran dalam mengatasi pandemi dideskripsikan dengan temuan bahwa negara ini telah menyusun tindakan  sistematis untuk menghadapi wabah dengan mengkombinasikan antara optimalisasi sistem kesehatan yang sudah ada dengan langkah-langkah ekstra-ordinary yang diinisiasi oleh Garda Revolusi Islam Iran. Dalam mengimplementasikan strategi tersebut ada beberapa problem dan tantangan yang harus diatasi yaitu ketidakdisiplinan warga, ketimpangan antara jumlah pasien dan infrastruktur layanan kesehatan, kesulitan menerapkan karantina wilayah, dan sanksi ekonomi AS. Iran juga menghadapi dilemma antara menjaga supaya ekonomi tetap stabil di satu sisi, dan kebijakan yang mengikuti protocol kesehatan demi keselamatan manusia dengan konsekuensi penurunan ekonomi. COVID-19 menjadikan masyarakat Iran bersatu untuk menghadapinya ditengah sanksi dan perseteruan dengan Amerika Serikat. Selain itu, wabah ini juga menyatukan dua negara yang selama ini menjadi rival utama AS yaitu Iran dan China.Kata-Kata Kunci: COVID-19, Iran, Sanksi, Domesstik, Internasional Iran is one of the worst affected countries due to COVID-19. This paper examines how Iran handles the COVID-19 pandemic while coping with imposed sanctions by The USA. Iran’s strategy to overcome the pandemic described in this paper as a systematic action by combining an optimized national health care system and an extra-ordinary action initiated by the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. The strategy is not easy to implement because of the indisciplinary of the Iranian public; the gap between the number of patients and health infrastructures; difficulties in implementing zone quarantine; and economic sanctions conducted by the US. This research also found that Iran has faced a dilemma between maintaining economic stability on the one hand, and implementing health protocols strictly, which have consequences on economic declines. Domestically, this pandemic has united Iranian people in the situation that tension between the US and Iran is high, and internationally this pandemic has strengthened the relationship between Iran and China, the two countries which has a rivalry with the US. Keywords: COVID-19, Iran, Sanction, Domestic, International

scholarly journals Person-Centered Health Care: An Approach That Integrates Acute and Long-Term Care

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 704-704
Author(s):  
Yuchi Young ◽  
Barbara Resnick
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
The United States ◽  
World Population ◽  
Term Care ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Aged Society

Abstract The world population is aging. The proportion of the population over 60 will nearly double from 12% in 2015 to 22% in 2050. Global life expectancy has more than doubled from 31 years in 1900 to 72.6 years in 2019. The need for long-term care (LTC) services is expanding with the same rapidity. A comprehensive response is needed to address the needs of older adults. Learning from health systems in other countries enables health systems to incorporate best long-term care practices to fit each country and its culture. This symposium aims to compare long-term care policies and services in Taiwan, Singapore, and the USA where significant growth in aging populations is evidenced. In 2025, the aging population will be 20% in Taiwan, 20% in Singapore and 18 % in the USA. In the case of Taiwan, it has moved from aging society status to aged society, and to super-aged society in 27 years. Such accelerated rate of aging in Taiwan is unparalleled when compared to European countries and the United States. In response to this dramatic change, Taiwan has passed long-term care legislation that expands services to care for older adults, and developed person-centered health care that integrates acute and long-term care services. Some preliminary results related to access, care and patterns of utilization will be shared in the symposium. International Comparisons of Healthy Aging Interest Group Sponsored Symposium.

Asset recovery in corruption cases

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Leasure
Keyword(s):  
Vice President ◽  
Comparative Case Study ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Case Study Analysis ◽  
Asset Recovery ◽  
The Us ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Republic

Purpose – Asset recovery proceedings increasingly target corrupt foreign officials who acquire lavish assets as a result of capital gained through criminal acts. One extremely difficult issue arising in asset recovery proceedings is whether the capital used to acquire the assets can be traced to a criminal act. The purpose of this paper is to critique US tracing procedure through comparative analysis. Design/methodology/approach – A prominent series of cases brought by the USA and France against assets owned by Teodoro “Teodorín” Nguema Obiang, second Vice President of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea, produced mixed results on the tracing element. This paper utilizes a qualitative comparative case analysis to examine the US and French cases. Findings – The US results reflect serious weaknesses in the US law as compared to more effective French asset recovery procedure. Originality/value – Though this paper is certainly a comparative case study analysis, nearly identical facts and two different jurisdictions reaching separate conclusions bring us in the legal community as close as we can realistically come to quasi-experimental research. Comparative research in this area is severely lacking and sorely needed. The mechanisms identified in the French system clearly show flaws that are present in the US system.

The workplace culture in addiction psychiatry in Finland as described by healthcare personnel

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eeva Lyyra ◽  
Mervi Roos ◽  
Tarja Suominen
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Dual Diagnosis ◽  
Workplace Culture ◽  
Service Development ◽  
Practice Environment ◽  
Addiction Psychiatry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Substance Addiction ◽  
Number Of Patients

Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe the workplace culture and factors associated with it from the viewpoint of the personnel providing care to patients with dual diagnosis. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected from six organizations using an electronic survey in 2019. The respondents (n = 75) worked in addiction psychiatry in specialized health care and provided care to patients. The data were statistically analyzed. Findings Workplace culture was evaluated as positive. Stress was experienced occasionally (Md = 2.58, Q1 = 1.96, Q3 = 3.03), job satisfaction levels were moderate (Md = 4.83, Q1 = 4.28, Q3 = 5.44) and the practice environment was evaluated as neutral (Md = 4.46, Q1 = 4.00, Q3 = 5.04). Gender, age in years, employment relationship, work time, staffing, number of patients and the participants’ experience in health care and experience in their current workplace had statistically significant associations with workplace culture. Originality/value In Finland, there have been attempts to reform service structures that also influence mental health and substance addiction services. Workplace culture is one approach to promote service development. Yet, there has been no research on workplace culture in the context of the care of patients with dual diagnosis. The results of this study bring knowledge about how health-care personnel perceives stress, job satisfaction and their practice environment in addiction psychiatry, which can be used to further develop services and workplace culture.

Macroeconomic conditions are only an illusion, not the solution, to firm sustainability: unveiling the new dimension of stakeholder well-being

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zahid Irshad Younas ◽  
Mahvesh Khan ◽  
Mamdouh Abdulaziz Saleh Al-Faryan
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Macroeconomic Performance ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Macroeconomic Conditions ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
The One

Purpose The purpose of the study is to explore the misconception that in developed countries, macroeconomic performance lead to sustainable firms or improves stakeholder well-being. The results may be the opposite or even worse. Design/methodology/approach This study examined this misconception using balanced panel data from 1,122 firms from different sectors of the US economy and data on macroeconomic performance from the World Bank. Findings The results of the one-step generalised method of moments indicate that most macroeconomic performance indicators had significant and negative impacts on firm sustainability and stakeholder well-being. Practical implications From a societal perspective, the results illustrate that the fruits of macroeconomic performance of the US economy do not reach stakeholders through firms’ sustainability. Thus, linking the economy’s macroeconomic performance with firm sustainability is vital for sustainably uplifting society and for stakeholder well-being. Originality/value From a policy perspective, this study reveals that the greater focus on macroeconomic performance in the USA over the past decades has resulted in lower firm sustainability because of the malfunctioning of social, economic, environmental and governance factors. This has negatively influenced stakeholder well-being in the country.

The US brewing industry, strategic windows and survival

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 434-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynn A. Walter ◽  
Linda F. Edelman ◽  
Keneth J. Hatten
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Capabilities ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Brewing Industry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Operational Capabilities ◽  
Select Group ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

Purpose – This paper aims to investigate how dynamic capabilities enabled survival in a select group of brewers, during one of the lengthiest and most severe industry consolidations in history. In doing so, we advance Abell’s (1978) theory of strategic windows through integration with the resource-based view of the firm. Design/methodology/approach – Using a mixed method approach, we first apply case study methods to develop hypotheses around the timing and level of operational capability required for survival. In the second phase, we test these hypothesized estimations on the USA Brewing population. Findings – Indicate that brewers which had advanced distribution and manufacturing operational capabilities before the strategic window of opportunity closed had higher survival rates. Practical implications – This study reinforces the importance of making timely strategic investments in capabilities. Originality/value – The integration of strategic window and capability theories advances our understanding of the roles that capabilities and time play in determining firm survival.

The Cottage: providing medical respite care in a home-like environment for people experiencing homelessness

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Angela Gazey ◽  
Shannen Vallesi ◽  
Karen Martin ◽  
Craig Cumming ◽  
Lisa Wood
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Treatment Compliance ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Hospital Inpatient ◽  
City Hospital ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Usa

Purpose Co-existing health conditions and frequent hospital usage are pervasive in homeless populations. Without a home to be discharged to, appropriate discharge care and treatment compliance are difficult. The Medical Respite Centre (MRC) model has gained traction in the USA, but other international examples are scant. The purpose of this paper is to address this void, presenting findings from an evaluation of The Cottage, a small short-stay respite facility for people experiencing homelessness attached to an inner-city hospital in Melbourne, Australia. Design/methodology/approach This mixed methods study uses case studies, qualitative interview data and hospital administrative data for clients admitted to The Cottage in 2015. Hospital inpatient admissions and emergency department presentations were compared for the 12-month period pre- and post-The Cottage. Findings Clients had multiple health conditions, often compounded by social isolation and homelessness or precarious housing. Qualitative data and case studies illustrate how The Cottage couples medical care and support in a home-like environment. The average stay was 8.8 days. There was a 7 per cent reduction in the number of unplanned inpatient days in the 12-months post support. Research limitations/implications The paper has some limitations including small sample size, data from one hospital only and lack of information on other services accessed by clients (e.g. housing support) limit attribution of causality. Social implications MRCs provide a safe environment for individuals to recuperate at a much lower cost than inpatient admissions. Originality/value There is limited evidence on the MRC model of care outside of the USA, and the findings demonstrate the benefits of even shorter-term respite post-discharge for people who are homeless.

Cross-country findings on tacit knowledge sharing: evidence from the Brazilian and Indonesian IT workers

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 742-762 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata Borges ◽  
Monica Bernardi ◽  
Renata Petrin
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Tacit Knowledge ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Tacit Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
It Workers

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to compare the factors that can influence the tacit knowledge sharing (KS) in two different cultures by investigating information technology professionals (IT) in Brazil and Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach A survey method was used and a standard questionnaire was applied. The sample size comprised 115 respondents from Brazil and 86 participants from Indonesia. A partial least squares analysis was used to assess the structural and confirmatory models and test the hypotheses. Findings The results indicate that, in both cultures, IT workers who are committed to the organization are more likely to engage in tacit KS behavior. Similarly, strong social ties play an important role in the willingness to share tacit knowledge. Also, there are major differences between the organizational cultures; for instance, whereas Brazilians seem to be influenced by team-oriented cultures, Indonesians seem to be indifferent. Research limitations/implications Limitations include the small sample size as only two cultures were chosen to assess the differences and the representation of just one professional category (IT). Originality/value This paper provides theoretical contributions as the literature lacks a macro-level analysis on the KS comparison between countries. The results advance the comprehension of tacit KS phenomenon by testing in a cross-country comparison the mediation effect of organizational commitment. To practitioners, this research presents important empirical contributions indicating how organizational culture, social environment, personality traits and employee commitment impact an individual’s willingness to share tacit knowledge with their coworkers.

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