Cambodia legal capacity aid could help Chinese firms

Significance In all areas other than fundamental rights Cambodia was the lowest of the 15 countries surveyed in the East Asia and Pacific region. However, in September, Phnom Penh signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with Beijing to provide Chinese technical assistance for judicial reform. Impacts Despite Chinese aid, corruption in Cambodia will slow the development of an effective and efficient commercial legal system. Chinese businesses with Cambodian interests will likely benefit from Beijing's support for the shaping of Cambodian law. Deeper Cambodia-China political ties will match deeper legal and economic links. Western governments and multilateral institutions will lose influence over Cambodian politics and legal reform. Cambodia's opposition will thus be less able to call on the West for political support.

Subject Judicial reform in China. Significance The Central Politics and Law Commission (CPLC) -- the Party organ that oversees the judicial system and internal security apparatus -- announced on January 21 that judicial reforms will be trialled in eleven of China's 33 provinces. Within days, it was announced that a new circuit court -- China's first -- will launch on February 2. Despite real risks, President Xi Jinping appears to see reform as urgent, in part because the status quo also carries risks. Impacts Foreign interlocutors will be able to participate more in China's legal reform, especially in commercial and economic matters. Xi's call for an end to corrupt interference could affect cases of contract dispute, land purchase or intellectual property. Foreign businesses engaged in specific legal disputes in China may use the reform drive to their advantage. Legal activists in China will take recent announcements as a cue to press their case, demanding more than the Party will allow.


Significance The ‘Abraham Accords’ have secured the United Arab Emirates (UAE) bipartisan political support in Washington, but also feed into the growing regional ‘cold war’ between the UAE and Turkey in theatres stretching from the Horn of Africa into the Eastern Mediterranean. Impacts The Emirati example might spur Saudi efforts to take measures to placate a possible incoming Biden administration, regarding Yemen or Qatar. Economic dependence will constrain business-focused Dubai from pressing Abu Dhabi for a less confrontational approach on Tehran and Doha. The UAE would face regional political pushback if Israel resumes its ‘frozen’ plan to annex areas of the West Bank.


Significance New US President Joe Biden plans to reopen the Palestinians’ diplomatic mission in the United States, shuttered by his predecessor Donald Trump during a comprehensive breakdown of ties in 2018. The PA seeks to use a short window of intense anti-Trump sentiment to change basic US assumptions and has promised elections this year to burnish its democratic credentials. Impacts Restored US aid could produce an immediate economic upswing in the West Bank and Gaza. Israel could further extend its COVID-19 vaccination programme to Palestinians as a low-cost goodwill gesture. Dominant PA leaders who have staked their entire political lives on a two-state solution will cling to it despite receding prospects. The PA has proven resilient so far, but if it began to crack, lack of political support means it could disintegrate quickly.


2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mayumi Nakamura

AbstractIn many countries, the size of a law firm is closely related to the specializations and incomes of the lawyers it employs, and can be considered an index for disparities among lawyers. Gender and school prestige may affect the size of the first firm that lawyers join. Moreover, since the lawyer population has quadrupled over the last 20 years in Japan, mainly due to judicial reform, I hypothesize that this population increase has changed how gender and school prestige affect the size of the first firm law school graduates decide to join. To test this, I conducted a secondary statistical analysis on the effect of gender and school prestige on the size of the first firm that lawyers joined, using survey data collected by the Japan Federation of Bar Associations in 2010. Findings suggest that there were no significant differences in the size of women’s and men’s first employer, but that school prestige was significant. Moreover, the importance of school prestige has increased over the years.


Significance Articles containing the bogus quotes were shared across social media globally. The case illustrates how disinformation is created and spread for malign influence, and its ease of entry into social media discourse, which makes it so difficult to untangle and counter. Impacts Political polarisation within the United States is impeding a 'whole of society' response. Russian and Chinese disinformation campaigns will claim the two nations are falsely accused victims of bullying by envious foes. Artificial intelligence-created synthetic media such as deepfakes will enable a step-change in the sophistication of 'infowars'.


Significance These are: artificial intelligence, semiconductors, quantum computing, genetics, biotechnology, neuroscience and aerospace. Impacts It is not always useful to view technological competition between China and the West as a ‘race’. China will likely burn significant capital just to achieve parity with advanced countries, and may never achieve it. Low margins will encourage protectionism and import substitution, with an impact on efficiency and productivity.


Author(s):  
W. George Darling ◽  
Melinda A. Lewis

The Lower Greensand (LGS) forms the second most important aquifer in the London Basin but, being largely absent beneath the city itself, has received much less attention than the ubiquitous overlying Chalk aquifer. While the general directions of groundwater flow in the Chalk are well established, there has been much less certainty about flow in the LGS owing to regionally sparse borehole information. This study focuses on two hitherto uncertain aspects of the confined aquifer: the sources of recharge to the west-central London Basin around Slough, and the fate of LGS water where the aquifer thins out on the flank of the London Platform in the Gravesend–Medway–Sheppey area on the southern side of the basin. The application of hydrogeochemical techniques including environmental isotopes indicates that recharge to the Slough area is derived from the northern LGS outcrop, probably supplemented by downward leakage from the Chalk, while upward leakage from the LGS in North Kent is mixing with Chalk water to the extent that some Chalk boreholes on the Isle of Sheppey are abstracting high proportions of water with an LGS fingerprint. In doing so, this study demonstrates the value of re-examining previously published data from a fresh perspective.Thematic collection: This article is part of the Hydrogeology of Sandstone collection available at: https://www.lyellcollection.org/cc/hydrogeology-of-sandstone


2017 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyan Qian ◽  
Allan Walker ◽  
Xiaojun Li

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop a preliminary model of instructional leadership in the Chinese educational context and explore the ways in which Chinese school principals locate their instructional-leadership practices in response to traditional expectations and the requirements of recent reforms. Design/methodology/approach In-depth interviews were conducted with 22 selected primary school principals in Shenzhen and Guangzhou. A qualitative analysis was conducted to categorize the major leadership practices enacted by these principals. Findings An initial model of instructional leadership in China with six major dimensions is constructed. The paper also illustrates and elaborates on three dimensions with the greatest context-specific meanings for Chinese principals. Originality/value The paper explores the ways in which Chinese principals enact their instructional leadership in a context in which “the west wind meets the east wind”; that is, when they are required to accommodate both imported reform initiatives and traditional expectations. The paper contributes to the sparse existing research on principals’ instructional leadership in non-western cultural and social contexts.


2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 707-720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayodeji Emmanuel Oke

Purpose The ability of construction contractors to engage in construction bond agreement with guarantors depends on capital, experience, capacity and continuity. Using these criteria, the purpose of this paper is to provide insights into the bonding capacity of Nigerian contractors. Design/methodology/approach Factors required for bonding were examined based on a set of questions addressed to managers of contracting firms and personnel involved in issuing bonds and guarantees in commercial banks and insurance companies. The scorecard approach was employed to determine the bonding capability of the contractors. Findings Contractors’ financial strength and past performance on previous projects are the two important factors considered by guarantors in granting bond to contractors. However, the condition surrounding the bond, the legal capacity of the guarantor to issue bond and the identity of the guarantor are mostly considered by contractors in approaching a potential guarantor. Using the scorecard approach, about one-third of contractors have the necessary requirements to engage in construction bond agreement with guarantors. This ability of contractors is affected by years of experience of the firm but not by their location nor years of experience of their manager. Practical implications It is necessary for contracting firms to increase their capital base through merging, borrowing, etc., and also engage experienced professionals and workers in the execution of construction projects, as this will eventually improve their bonding ability. Social implications The study is limited to construction contractors registered with Ondo and Lagos State Governments and guarantors that are banks and insurance companies in Nigeria. Originality/value The paper specified various areas of concerns for Nigerian contracting firms in their bid to enhance their bonding ability. This will help them in overcoming various challenges and bottlenecks that may arise in securing bonds and guarantees from guarantors.


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