Prospects for Russian politics to end-2017

Subject Prospects for Russian politics to end-2017. Significance President Vladimir Putin is likely to announce in late summer that he will run for re-election in March 2018. Regional elections in September will provide indications of strategies for boosting turnout in the presidential contest. Electoral activity amid ongoing economic problems creates scope for popular protest, which the authorities can contain, and for competition in governing circles that will become more visible in Putin's next term. Hopes that US and EU sanctions may ease or end have all but disappeared.

Subject The Russian president's options for winning September elections. Significance The September 2016 elections to Russia's parliament, the State Duma, are the first to coincide with a severe economic crisis since President Vladimir Putin came to power. The authorities are determined to prevent social discontent escalating into the kind of protests seen after the last polls in December 2011, which unsettled Putin's plans for re-election in March 2012. Popular support for Putin remains high, and 'loyal opposition' parties such as the Communists are blaming economic problems on Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev instead. Impacts Signs that the recession is slowing will reduce the scope for a protest vote. Putin is keen to get EU sanctions lifted by July, not least for the electoral benefits. Buoyed by growing popular support, the Communist Party may evolve into a more active political force.


Subject Prospects for Russian politics in 2017 Significance The authority of President Vladimir Putin was tested at home and abroad in 2016. While the economy continued to struggle, he enjoyed successes with the parliamentary elections and his robust interventionism in Syria, where Russia established itself as the key external player. His success abroad has bolstered his domestic popularity.


Subject The United Russia party's search for a meaningful role. Significance President Vladimir Putin has reaffirmed the central role of the governing United Russia party but instructed it to improve its performance. He was speaking on day two of a December 7-8 party congress held in the aftermath of reverses in regional elections and falling popular support. The party duly promised to mend its ways with a training school to raise standards and new ethics procedures, but offered no new policy ideas. Impacts Putin snubbed United Russia by being re-elected as an independent but has turned back to the party in hope of reinvigorating it. United Russia has no collective voice on foreign policy issues such as Ukraine or Western sanctions; it must stick to its assigned role. The Kremlin will watch United Russia's regional governors closely and assess their ability to contain local grievances. If United Russia is failing, the Kremlin may have to examine alternative mechanisms for picking Putin's successor.


Subject Prospects for Russian politics to end-2021. Significance The Russian leadership's main focus in the second half of this year is deciding and achieving what it deems an acceptable level of victory for the United Russia party in September's parliamentary and regional elections. United Russia's popularity is at a record low but strategists in the Kremlin will ensure it wins a strong majority. The unofficial opposition has been crushed and the official opposition remains inert and directionless.


Significance The legislation is the most radical and comprehensive reform of centre-regional relations since Vladimir Putin became president in 1999. Formalising and consolidating a steady process of political centralisation, it further shifts powers from the regional heads and assemblies to the president and the federal executive. Impacts After years of attempts to forge a Russia-wide ethos, local identity politics will become more visible. The September regional elections are another opportunity to pre-select regional leaders before they are approved by voters. Regional leaders removed and replaced ahead of the elections may include the Communist head of Khakassia, Valentin Konovalov.


Subject The Orthodox Church and Russian politics. Significance As the Russian government prepares for September parliamentary elections, it can count on staunch support from the Orthodox Church. The clerical leadership is vocally supportive of President Vladimir Putin, and shares his vision of a separate, conservative Russia. In turn, the church benefits from state beneficence and welcomes Putin's attacks on 'Western' civil liberties. Impacts The church's influence may dilute the appeal of the Communist Party, with overlapping demographics. Church establishment ties to Putin will undermine its credibility among liberal-minded Russians, and some clerics too. Amid economic hardship, church leaders will preach such non-materialistic values as patriotism and traditional family attitudes.


Subject Prospects for Russian politics in 2016. Significance This has been another challenging year for President Vladimir Putin. Russian foreign policy adventures have plunged relations with the West to a new low, the economy continues to struggle and the assassination of Boris Nemtsov has exposed elite-level divisions. However, although the economic situation has forced the Kremlin to restrain budgetary spending, Russia's opposition is weak and demoralised.


Subject Prospects for Russian politics in 2018. Significance With no significant challenge emerging ahead of the March 2018 presidential election, Vladimir Putin is set to win one more term. He will probably run as an independent rather than seek the backing of the United Russia party. A handful of other candidates will be allowed to compete: the heads of three parliamentary parties plus media personality Xenia Sobchak.


Significance Opposition to the retirement age increase is widespread, with frequent street protests, Communist successes in the regional elections and talk of a referendum. President Vladimir Putin initially stayed out of the debate but finally stepped in on August 29, offering some concessions but backing the thrust of the reform in a television address to the nation. Impacts The pension reform controversy shows the limits to Putin's vision of a purely technocratic, apolitical government. The issue also highlights the deficiencies of state-controlled narratives when people do not want to listen. The Communist Party has a rare chance to grow into a stronger force but is unlikely to seize this opportunity under its current leadership.


Subject Different lessons from regional elections in Russia. Significance Two different trends emerged from the September 10 local elections. All the regional governors approved by President Vladimir Putin, most of them recent interim appointees, were elected without serious competition. At a lower level, the opposition Yabloko and United Democrats scored surprisingly well in municipal elections in Moscow. Impacts Opposition leader Alexey Navalny may have lost ground by distancing himself from the Moscow elections only to see opposition wins. The mayor of Moscow showed a subtle approach to the 2018 mayoral election by welcoming the city's new political diversity. Confirmation of Putin's choice of governor in Sevastopol is unlikely to end power struggles among local political factions.


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