Pandemic will worsen Latin American education outlook

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Return To Education ◽  
American Education ◽  
Classroom Learning ◽  
Fiscal Deficits ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World

Significance As of October 2020, only 13 countries in the region had fully reopened schools, UNICEF says. While in other parts of the world schools have gradually returned to in-classroom learning, in LAC many schools still remain closed. Impacts The longer schools remain closed, the more likely vulnerable individuals will never return to education. Families in the informal sector will struggle to send their children back to school given the expense it represents. Increasing education budgets will be essential post-pandemic but will be a challenge given soaring fiscal deficits.

Integrative/ distributive negotiations in Latin America: latent class analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 463-480
Author(s):  
Enrique Ogliastri ◽  
John Ickis ◽  
Ramiro Casó
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Theory ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interpersonal Orientation ◽  
The World

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to test the universality of the behavioral theory of negotiation developed in the United States, particularly the integrative/distributive models, and to find negotiators' prototypes in international negotiations conducted in a Latin American country.Design/methodology/approachAn open questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of 104 resident foreigners (expatriates) who reported the negotiation patterns of Costa Ricans. The qualitative data were coded in 52 variables (inte-rater reliability Fleiss' Kappa K= 0.65). A total of ten variables were selected to measure distributive/integrative patterns of negotiations. Latent class analysis (LCA) uncovered the latent structure of negotiations.Findings(1) The distributive (70% found in the sample) and integrative (30%) negotiation models hold in this culture. (2) The incorporation of handling emotions and interpersonal orientation in the integrative model seem to be an important theoretical and practical trend.Research limitations/implications(1) A larger sample size is needed to compare with data from other countries of the region and the world. (2) The use of emotions and interpersonal orientation in the integrative negotiation paradigm require further investigation. As practical implications, detailed negotiation advice is offered to Costa Ricans as well as to expatriates working there.Originality/valueTo identify negotiation patterns in an understudied region of the world, the distributive/integrative models of the behavioral theory of negotiations are a key focus with which to extend the literature. There are important elements of culture within the negotiation patterns, in line with trends of an evolving paradigm of integrative crosscultural negotiations.

Managing the women managers: a case study of paper bag makers

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Anupma Srivastava ◽  
Amita Marwha
Keyword(s):  
Women Workers ◽  
Human Resource ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Urban Poor ◽  
Subject Area ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Management Students

Subject area Human resource management. Study level/applicability It is appropriate for graduate students majoring in human resource or business management. Students who are interested in studying Asian economies in the world, as they are the most growing economies in the world and at the same time have a shocking number of people employed in the informal sector. Case overview This case study talks about women workers who face a glass ceiling at the management level and deplorable working conditions at the informal level. This case involves women in the paper bag-making business, a part of the urban informal sector. The paper bag-making business provides employment and income generation for the urban poor. The focus in this study is on women production workers, rather than entrepreneurs or professional managers. Focus of the study will be on the change in the pattern of income distribution within the family-based household, the degree of bargaining power derived from productive work and income and impact of technology on the plight of unskilled women force and how technology and vocational training can lead to utilization of manpower being wasted because of lack of synergy between technology and the informal sector in India. Expected learning outcomes Four key points of selection, training, assessment and leadership all have been addressed in this case study, and the relevance of these points is important from the point of view of management students who have to understand the linkages and the hidden costs these informal sector occupations come with and then to device an appropriate strategy to bring and use these human resources to their full capacity by utilizing the existing resources instead of adding new ones, which in development economics is known as Solow residual. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email [email protected] to request teaching notes.

Labour informality may increase in Latin America

2016 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Labour Productivity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Surplus Labour ◽  
Low Levels

Subject The informal sector in Latin America. Significance The scale of informality in Latin American labour markets is widely seen as the main reason for the region's low levels of labour productivity; consequently, policymakers seek ways to induce a transfer of labour towards the formal sector where, in addition, workers come within the tax net. However, in spite of a decade of growth in the region, levels of informality have remained stubbornly high. Impacts A reduction in informality could increase the number of taxpayers and thus revenues. Tighter migration policies in the United States could limit options for surplus labour to relocate elsewhere. Lower birth rates will slow the number of new entrants into the labour market overall.

Informality will limit tax options in Bolivia and Peru

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Income Tax ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Common Features ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Market Liberalisation ◽  
Latin American Countries

Subject Labour informality and the tax base. Significance Peru and Bolivia are among the Latin American countries with the highest levels of informality in their employment structures. Informality takes various forms, but one of its common features is escape from the tax net. In the pursuit of raising government incomes, various policies are being adopted to draw firms into formality and make them pay income tax and social security contributions. Impacts A large informal sector is likely to persist longer in Peru and Bolivia than most other countries in Latin America. A protracted downturn in tax revenues from extractives may force authorities to tap into alternative sources of revenue. The scale of illicit activity, not least in drug-related activities, will continue to be an obstacle to reducing informality. Political opposition will militate against radical labour market liberalisation.

The investment attributes of Mexico REITs as a listed property investment vehicle

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Jufri Marzuki ◽  
Graeme Newell
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Emerging Economies ◽  
Portfolio Optimisation ◽  
Portfolio Risk ◽  
Property Market ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Risk Return ◽  
Latin American Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Asset Portfolio

PurposeMexico REITs are a significant and important REIT market, both in a regional and in emerging property market context. As one of the few emerging economies in the world with an active REIT market, Mexico REITs are specifically designed to provide an effective pathway to participate in the investment opportunities offered by the Mexico commercial property market for both domestic and international investors. Importantly, Mexico REITs provide additional property investment benefits such as a high degree of transparency, governance and liquidity. The main focus of this research is to highlight the significance of Mexico REITs and assess their performance dynamics, as well as the added-value benefits of Mexico REITs in mixed-asset investment portfolios.Design/methodology/approachUsing monthly total returns, the risk-adjusted performance and portfolio diversification potential of Mexico REITs over April 2011–December 2019 were assessed. A constrained mean-variance portfolio optimisation framework was used to develop a three-asset portfolio scenario using the historical returns, risk and correlation of Mexico REITs and the other two major financial assets.FindingsDespite being more volatile than the mainstream asset classes, Mexico REITs delivered the strongest risk-adjusted performance versus stocks and bonds over April 2011–December 2019, which was made possible by the high premium of their total return performance. Notably, Mexico REITs offered excellent diversification potential with bonds, whilst demonstrating a marginal positive correlation with the stock market. These investment attributes of Mexico REITs have brought immediate benefits towards their ability to add value to the Mexico mixed-asset portfolio fabric across a wide portfolio risk–return spectrum.Practical implicationsWhilst their initial establishment in 2004 was considered unsuccessful, the ongoing regulatory improvements have been pivotal in providing a supportive investment environment to nurture the organic growth of Mexico REITs. This now sees the Mexico REIT market as an exemplar of success for REIT establishments amongst its peers in the Latin American region, as well as for emerging economies worldwide. Mexico REITs are now an important REIT market, as the second largest emerging REIT market in the world. The empirical investigation of this research has established the investment attributes of Mexico REITs as a listed property investment vehicle. The strong risk-adjusted performance of Mexico REITs compared to stocks and bonds sees Mexico REITs contributing to the mixed-asset portfolio across the portfolio risk–return spectrum. This is particularly important as it provides insights into the broader strategic implications of Mexico REITs as an effective, transparent and tax-efficient conduit for high-quality Latin American property exposure in a liquid format.Originality/valueThis paper is the first published empirical research that elucidates the investment attributes of Mexico REITs, highlighting their significance, risk-adjusted and portfolio performance enhancement role as an emerging REIT market. The main outcome of this research enables empirically validated, more informed and practical property investment decision-making regarding the strategic role of Mexico REITs in an investment portfolio.

Latin America informal labour brings benefits and woes

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Structural Characteristic ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Informal Sector ◽  
Formal Sector ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Illegal Activity ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Barriers To Access ◽  
Informal Labour

Subject Defining the informal sector in Latin America. Significance Although variable across the region, the so-called ‘informal sector’ has long been a structural characteristic of most Latin American societies. However, its measurement has long proved problematic as, indeed, has its definition. Business organisations have argued that informality needs to be tackled by reducing the barriers to access to the ‘formal’ sector, while others have maintained that it is a problem of reinforcing property rights. Impacts Informality will encourage further migration, often overseas. The divide between extra-legal and illegal activity will remain blurred, like that between self-employment and informality. Countries with large informal sectors will be obliged to embrace them rather than reject them.

Mexico will retain passive foreign policy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
American States ◽  
Social Council ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
The World ◽  
International Investors

Significance The same day, it was confirmed that Mexico’s lead USMCA negotiator, Jesus Seade, is seeking to head the World Trade Organization. Mexico will join the UN Security Council for 2021-22 and has been re-elected to the UN Economic and Social Council. Impacts For international investors, the USMCA will not make up for AMLO’s perceived hostility towards businesses. AMLO’s trip underscores the importance of US relations, which will continue to be a critical factor in all Mexico’s international dealings. Pragmatism will dominate Mexico’s interactions with Latin American states, despite any shared leftist or nationalist ideologies. The need for economic diversification will continue to drive relations with other regions, particularly Europe and Asia.

The relevance of green practices worldwide: an overview

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-108
Author(s):  
Gisela Aguilar Dorantes ◽  
Tomás Eloy Salais Fierro ◽  
Gloria Camacho Ruelas
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Theoretical Aspect ◽  
Industrialized Countries ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Extra Energy ◽  
Green Practices ◽  
The World

Purpose The paper consists of a literature review about the green supply chain management (GSCM), a concept which has been gaining ground around the organizations worldwide. The traditional supply chain (SC) was forced to evolve in GSCM as an option for companies to improve their economical, operational and environmental performance. The purpose of this paper is to highlight how green practices (GP) have a powerful dependence to the SC execution from companies around the world. A GP can be briefly defined as the actions being consciously done being responsible to the environment. Design/methodology/approach The paper is exploratory. The topic was delimited through a review of similar papers, analyzing the different type of tools and the GP considered in each paper. For last, a conclusion will be exposed. Findings The “green movement” within the SC is increasing fast around the world, since the increasing awareness of industrialized countries are recurring in practices that impact directly to the environment. Therefore, costs of extra energy consumption are generated, as well as the imminent worrying reputation among customers due to the lack of responsibility to the environment. Research limitations/implications The document only covers the topic from a theoretical aspect through a literature review. Originality/value This paper covers not only strategies related to GSCM and GP from European and Asian countries are approached, but also Latin American performance, exposing briefly the adoption of GSCM.

scholarly journals Historic urban landscape: an approach for sustainable management in Cuenca (Ecuador)

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 308-327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Rey-Perez ◽  
María Eugenia Siguencia Ávila
Keyword(s):  
Urban Development ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Urban Landscape ◽  
World Heritage ◽  
Heritage Management ◽  
Sustainable Urban Development ◽  
City Development ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
The City

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to present a methodology developed on the basis of the Historic Urban Landscape (HUL) notion applied for the city of Cuenca in Ecuador. The identification of cultural values – among all the actors involved in the city – draws up a series of sustainable urban development strategies. Design/methodology/approach This methodology is based on the city analysis from the local community and multiple disciplines such as geomorphology, environment, urban planning, historic cartography, architecture, archaeology, anthropology, and economy. Further qualitative data collection methods included 16 workshops with 168 citizens, specific surveys, mapping, and on-site observations. The challenge of this methodology is not only its implementation in the world heritage city of Cuenca in Ecuador, but also the integration of the management of the historic centre within the overall city development plan. Findings The application of the HUL concept has allowed the identification of a series of strategies for the urban development where the points of view coming from different stakeholders were gathered. The project reveals the existence of values and attributes, so far overlooked in the actual heritage management system. In addition, a Geographic Information System database has been created with all the information related to Cuenca with the possibility of making it available for the community in the future. Research limitations/implications The project has been developed within one year with scarce economic resources: that is the reason why the planned activities took longer than expected. Social implications Social participation has played a key role in the development of the project. Originality/value This research process in Cuenca has led to its incorporation as a Latin-American pilot city for a programme developed by the World Heritage Institute of Training and Research for the Asia and the Pacific Region.

The traveling researchers’ sisterhood

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Zapata-Sepúlveda ◽  
Phiona Stanley ◽  
Mirliana Ramírez-Pereira ◽  
Michelle Espinoza-Lobos
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Women In Academia ◽  
Personal Experiences ◽  
The World ◽  
Embodied Experiences ◽  
Auto Ethnography ◽  
Under Construction ◽  
Psychosocial Approaches ◽  
Globalized World

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a collaborative (auto)ethnography that has emerged from the meeting of four academic researchers working with and from the heart in various Latin American contexts. Design/methodology/approach – Our “I’s” have mingled with our very varied participations in different themes, latitudes, and disciplines – health, education and psychosocial approaches. We have worked, variously, in both English and Spanish. At the core of this piece are our own biographies, motivations, senses, academic dreams, international contexts, and the injustices and suffering felt in our bodies. Findings – We seek to reflect from our experience of traveling as young researchers and as women with Latin souls. Through our stories, we show how crossing cultures as part of our research and work gives us both a privileged position but also the constant stress and questioning that goes beyond the intellectual and appears in our embodied experiences of interculturality. Research limitations/implications – The limitation of this piece of research is that it is based on personal experiences, that although there may be people who feel identified with these experiences, these are not generalizable or transferable. Practical implications – Performative autoethnography is an instance to understand the world like a crisol with different faces; self, social, cultural and methodology, which allows us to understand the world from a holistic perspective. Social implications – With this paper, we hope to contribute for other women in academia to see themselves reflected in the experience of moving through a globalized world. Originality/value – Through both living in and reflecting on this process, we show how our experiences provide us with new, intercultural “worlds under construction.”

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