Mexico will retain passive foreign policy

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Content Type ◽  
American States ◽  
Social Council ◽  
Un Security Council ◽  
The World ◽  
International Investors

Significance The same day, it was confirmed that Mexico’s lead USMCA negotiator, Jesus Seade, is seeking to head the World Trade Organization. Mexico will join the UN Security Council for 2021-22 and has been re-elected to the UN Economic and Social Council. Impacts For international investors, the USMCA will not make up for AMLO’s perceived hostility towards businesses. AMLO’s trip underscores the importance of US relations, which will continue to be a critical factor in all Mexico’s international dealings. Pragmatism will dominate Mexico’s interactions with Latin American states, despite any shared leftist or nationalist ideologies. The need for economic diversification will continue to drive relations with other regions, particularly Europe and Asia.

The World Economy

2003 ◽  
Vol 185 ◽  
pp. 9-16
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Euro Area ◽  
World Trade ◽  
World Economy ◽  
Oil Industry ◽  
Private Sector Investment ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Dollar Depreciation

The outlook for world growth this year has deteriorated since April, due to a sharp contraction in world trade in the first quarter of the year and failure to sustain the revival in private sector investment seen in the fourth quarter of 2002. We have as a consequence revised our projections for world growth this year down by ¼ percentage point. This reflects sharp downward revisions of ½–¾ percentage points in the Euro Area and Canada, both of whose exchange rates have continued to appreciate in effective terms, while the outlook for the US and Japan is broadly unchanged. Growth in Japan and the Euro Area stagnated in the first half of 2003, with recessions in Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Austria appearing likely. The US and Canada, on the other hand, continued to expand, albeit more slowly than in the second half of 2002. Following two years of exceptional weakness, Latin American growth has started to revive, although Venezuela is still suffering from the 2 month stoppage in the oil industry earlier this year and Argentina has lost competitiveness due to a strong appreciation against the dollar. Growth has slowed in several Asian economies, notably South Korea, but China continues to expand rapidly, spurred by the competitiveness impact of the dollar depreciation and infrastructure preparations for the 2008 Olympics. This has helped sustain export growth from the rest of Asia despite the more widespread slowdown in world trade.

scholarly journals Public Strategy and Eco-Social Engagement in Latin American States: An Analysis of Complex Networks Arising from Their Constitutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 8558
Author(s):  
Arturo Luque González ◽  
Fernando Casado Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Citizen Participation ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Positive Trend ◽  
American States ◽  
The World ◽  
And Gender ◽  
And Control

Over the past four decades, Latin American states have drafted relatively new constitutions in comparison with other regions of the world. These transformations, in some cases, have helped governments leave behind the former authoritarian regimes, or in others, have simply established a more democratic system incorporating a forward-looking approach to rights. For example, stronger individual and collective rights have been forged, together with new avenues for citizen participation. Certainly, many of the new constitutions grant a much broader base of rights, including collective political and territorial rights for indigenous communities, protections against ethnic, racial, and gender discrimination, and greater guarantees of privacy and control over information. Consequently, some Latin American constitutions are held up as among the best in the world. For this study, the constitutional texts of 22 Latin American countries were analyzed with the aim of understanding their regulatory changes and impacts, pointing out the existing inequalities they address, as well as the clear positive trend established in terms of the generation of greater social engagement.

Government Regulation on Trial: Expropriation Claims against Latin American States at icsid

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 407-416
Author(s):  
Tafadzwa Pasipanodya
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
Member States ◽  
Foreign Investors ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
American States ◽  
The World ◽  
The 1960S

In the 1960s, all Latin American member states of the World Bank rejected a resolution recommending an international agreement that would create a center for arbitration in which private foreign investors could settle their disputes with member states. Nevertheless, the resolution was approved and the icsid Convention was born. Ironically, Latin American states – which later became party to the icsid Convention – have had to defend themselves against more expropriation claims before icsid than any other region. This paper analyzes these expropriation claims with a twofold goal. First, to highlight the cases against Latin American states that have been most influential in defining expropriation. And, second, to draw attention to those cases that have revived apprehension about Latin American states’ consent to be adjudged by icsid tribunals.

Integrative/ distributive negotiations in Latin America: latent class analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 463-480
Author(s):  
Enrique Ogliastri ◽  
John Ickis ◽  
Ramiro Casó
Keyword(s):  
Latent Class Analysis ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
The United States ◽  
Behavioral Theory ◽  
Class Analysis ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Interpersonal Orientation ◽  
The World

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to test the universality of the behavioral theory of negotiation developed in the United States, particularly the integrative/distributive models, and to find negotiators' prototypes in international negotiations conducted in a Latin American country.Design/methodology/approachAn open questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of 104 resident foreigners (expatriates) who reported the negotiation patterns of Costa Ricans. The qualitative data were coded in 52 variables (inte-rater reliability Fleiss' Kappa K= 0.65). A total of ten variables were selected to measure distributive/integrative patterns of negotiations. Latent class analysis (LCA) uncovered the latent structure of negotiations.Findings(1) The distributive (70% found in the sample) and integrative (30%) negotiation models hold in this culture. (2) The incorporation of handling emotions and interpersonal orientation in the integrative model seem to be an important theoretical and practical trend.Research limitations/implications(1) A larger sample size is needed to compare with data from other countries of the region and the world. (2) The use of emotions and interpersonal orientation in the integrative negotiation paradigm require further investigation. As practical implications, detailed negotiation advice is offered to Costa Ricans as well as to expatriates working there.Originality/valueTo identify negotiation patterns in an understudied region of the world, the distributive/integrative models of the behavioral theory of negotiations are a key focus with which to extend the literature. There are important elements of culture within the negotiation patterns, in line with trends of an evolving paradigm of integrative crosscultural negotiations.

Porfirian Commercial Propaganda: Mexico in the World Industrial Expositions

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gene Yeager
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Gilded Age ◽  
The United States ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Latin American Countries ◽  
Trade And Investment

Students of late nineteenth century history have long dismissed the world industrial expositions as glittering, but not highly significant reflections of the gilded age. What emerges from the literature of the period, however, is a sense of the overriding commercial importance of these exhibitions. Nineteenth-century observers consistently linked the fairs to the general growth of world trade and to the expanding commercial hegemony of the United States. More specifically, contemporaries agreed that the expositions served to develop trade and investment ties with Latin America. Among the Latin American countries represented in the expositions, Mexico was the most important and consistent participant.

Tech and consolidation will support Canada’s oil sands

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Sands ◽  
Bargaining Power ◽  
Carbon Tax ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Asset Sales ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The World ◽  
Oil Deposits ◽  
International Investors ◽  
Uncertain Future

Significance Canada’s oil sands are some of the biggest oil deposits in the world, holding hundreds of billions of barrels, but face an uncertain future. Dogged by high costs and environmental questions, international investors have mostly turned their backs on the heavy-oil projects. In their place, a small group of Canadian producers has consolidated production and will forge the longer-term outlook for the industry. Impacts Further oil sands asset sales from international majors such as Chevron could create more opportunities for consolidation. Fewer, but larger, operators will give producers more bargaining power with their service and equipment providers. Growing oil sands production will deliver more carbon tax revenue, alleviating some strain on Alberta’s public finances.

Prospects for global trade in 2020-24

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Trade ◽  
Job Creation ◽  
Value Chains ◽  
Global Trade ◽  
Trading System ◽  
Content Type ◽  
China Trade ◽  
The Us ◽  
Multilateral Trading System ◽  
The World

Subject Prospects for global trade in 2020-24. Significance US-China competition and a ‘populist backlash’ against trade in advanced nations are intensifying fears that the world is entering de-globalisation. World trade volumes are expected to grow modestly in 2019 and 2020, while the US-China trade conflict roils the multilateral trading system and global value chains, harming investment and job creation.

Unilateralism and protectionism in the World Trade Organization: the interpretation of the chapeau within GATT Article XX

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-231
Author(s):  
Philip Joseph Wells
Keyword(s):  
World Trade Organization ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Unilateral Action ◽  
The Social ◽  
The World ◽  
Original Insight ◽  
Developed Nations ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a holistic and cohesive overview of the development of GATT, Article XX; critically focussing, in particular, on whether the interpretation of the provision permits developed member states to embark on unilateral and protectionist actions. Design/methodology/approach – The methodology for this paper was to assess and review the developing jurisprudence of the World Trade Organization (WTO) that relates to the use of Article XX. The paper adopts a chronological critique to analyse the development of the law; included in this is academic theory that underpins and proffers an explanation for the development. Findings – This paper suggests that while Article XX exists as a potential target to permit unilateral action by developed nations, it does not create a guise for unilateralism and protectionism due to the interpretation afforded to the “Chapeau”. Practical implications – The paper demonstrates an expansive collection of WTO jurisprudence and case authorities to illustrate the overarching interpretation of Article XX; in doing so, it allows those associated with the WTO to gain a practical overview of the holistic workings of Article XX. Social implications – Through demonstration of Article XX, and its interpretation, this paper outlines the social values and norms most likely to enjoy a privileged status to override WTO obligations. This paper also espouses what social values may develop in the future to be classified within Article XX. Originality/value – This paper provides an original insight by considering holistically, rather than narrowly, the interpretation of Article XX.

Prospects for the global economy to end-2019

2019 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fiscal Policy ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
World Economy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World

Subject Prospects for the global economy to end-2019. Significance The world economy is likely to grow by around 3% this year. This is the lower end of the 3.0-3.5% range expected six months ago. World trade is weakening amid the US-China conflict and productivity is not picking up. China is expanding fiscal policy and others may follow, perhaps Germany and the United States. Monetary tightening is off the table and some countries may loosen policy. However, this will mainly shore up growth rather than raising it.

Vaccines will drive financial markets over US politics

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Financial Markets ◽  
World Trade ◽  
Divided Government ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Us Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World

Significance Divided government provides scope for volatility at a perilous time for the pandemic-ravaged US economy, but markets are putting greater weight on the prospect of a vaccine accelerating the global recovery. Tech stocks have fallen as investors take their gains and opt for 'reflation trades' predicated on a recovery in sectors hit hard by the pandemic. Impacts Apple, Amazon, Alphabet, Microsoft and Facebook make up over 20% of the US stock market; firm fundamentals guard against a sharp sell-off. China’s renminbi has risen to the highest to the dollar since the US-China tariff battle ramped up in early 2018; more strength is likely. China’s export orders grew only marginally in October and import growth slowed, signposting that the world trade recovery could plateau.

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