Integrative/ distributive negotiations in Latin America: latent class analysis

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to test the universality of the behavioral theory of negotiation developed in the United States, particularly the integrative/distributive models, and to find negotiators' prototypes in international negotiations conducted in a Latin American country.Design/methodology/approachAn open questionnaire was administered to a convenience sample of 104 resident foreigners (expatriates) who reported the negotiation patterns of Costa Ricans. The qualitative data were coded in 52 variables (inte-rater reliability Fleiss' Kappa K= 0.65). A total of ten variables were selected to measure distributive/integrative patterns of negotiations. Latent class analysis (LCA) uncovered the latent structure of negotiations.Findings(1) The distributive (70% found in the sample) and integrative (30%) negotiation models hold in this culture. (2) The incorporation of handling emotions and interpersonal orientation in the integrative model seem to be an important theoretical and practical trend.Research limitations/implications(1) A larger sample size is needed to compare with data from other countries of the region and the world. (2) The use of emotions and interpersonal orientation in the integrative negotiation paradigm require further investigation. As practical implications, detailed negotiation advice is offered to Costa Ricans as well as to expatriates working there.Originality/valueTo identify negotiation patterns in an understudied region of the world, the distributive/integrative models of the behavioral theory of negotiations are a key focus with which to extend the literature. There are important elements of culture within the negotiation patterns, in line with trends of an evolving paradigm of integrative crosscultural negotiations.

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Understanding preferences of German flower consumers: the desire for sustained beauty

International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management ◽

10.1108/ijrdm-10-2017-0229 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 560-576

Author(s):

Meike Rombach ◽

Nicole Widmar ◽

Elizabeth Byrd ◽

Vera Bitsch

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Consumer Preferences ◽

Federal State ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Cut Flower ◽

Cut Flowers ◽

Content Type ◽

Relative Preference ◽

Best Worst Scaling

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide insights for flower retailers, horticultural practitioners and marketing managers into the prioritisation of cut flower attributes by German residents.Design/methodology/approachApplying a best–worst scaling approach, this analysis identified the relative ranking of importance amongst product attributes relevant to German consumers when buying fresh cut flowers. A latent class analysis determined four flower consumer segments for further study. The study builds on a sample of 978 consumers and is consistent with the most recent German census in terms of age, gender, income and federal state.FindingsThe best-worst analysis showed that intrinsic flower attributes, in particular appearance, freshness and scent were found to be more important to German consumers than the extrinsic attributes studied, namely, price, country of origin and a certification indicating fair trade. The latent class analysis determined four consumer segments that desire either budget, luxury or ethical flowers or more information about flowers. For all identified consumer segments, appearance was the attribute of greatest importance. The segments that desired luxury or ethical flowers, as well as the segment that desires more information were interested in appearance, but also had relatively large shares of preferences dedicated to flower freshness guarantees. The preference for freshness guarantees in addition to appearance may be interpreted jointly as a desire for not only beautiful and aesthetically pleasing flowers, but for sustained beauty.Originality/valueInternationally, the study fills a research gap by exploring consumer’s relative preference for cut flower attributes. In contrast to existing studies on consumer preferences for flowers in Germany, the present study builds on a sample that was targeted in terms of age, gender, net household income and federal state to the most recent German census.

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A national study of the availability of law enforcement agency wellness programming for officers: A latent class analysis

International Journal of Police Science & Management ◽

10.1177/14613557211064050 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146135572110640

Author(s):

Bruce G Taylor ◽

Weiwei Liu ◽

Elizabeth A. Mumford

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

United States ◽

Substance Use ◽

Law Enforcement ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

Wellness Programs ◽

The United States ◽

Substance Use Treatment ◽

Class Analysis

The purpose of this study is to understand the availability of employee wellness programs within law enforcement agencies (LEAs) across the United States, including physical fitness, resilience/wellness, coping skills, nutrition, mental health treatment, and substance use treatment. The research team investigated whether patterns of LEA wellness programming are identifiable and, if so, what characteristics describe these patterns. We assess using latent class analysis whether there are distinct profiles of agencies with similar patterns offering different types of wellness programs and explore what characteristics distinguish agencies with certain profiles of wellness programming. Data were from a nationally representative sample of 1135 LEAs: 80.1% municipal, 18.6% county and 1.3% other agencies (state-level and Bureau of Indian Affairs LEAs). We found that many agencies (62%) offer no wellness programming. We also found that 23% have comprehensive wellness programming, and that another group of agencies specialize in specific wellness programming. About 14% of the agencies have a high probability of providing resilience coping skill education, mental health and/or substance use treatment services programming. About 1% of the agencies in the United States limit their programming to fitness and nutrition, indicating that fitness and nutrition programs are more likely to be offered in concert with other types of wellness programs. The analyses revealed that agencies offering broad program support are more likely to be large, municipal LEAs located in either the West, Midwest or Northeast (compared with the southern United States), and not experiencing a recent budget cut that impacted wellness programming.

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Latent class analysis and individuals' preferences mapping: the new consumption orientations and perspectives for craft beer in North-West Italy

British Food Journal ◽

10.1108/bfj-03-2021-0278 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Stefano Massaglia ◽

Valentina Maria Merlino ◽

Simone Blanc ◽

Aurora Bargetto ◽

Danielle Borra

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Large Scale ◽

Latent Class ◽

Consumer Preferences ◽

Demographic Characteristics ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Content Type ◽

North West ◽

Craft Beer ◽

Definition Of

PurposeIn Italy, the craft beer (CB) market has undergone a trend of exponential growth in recent years, showing, at the same time, differences among different geographical areas. This research aimed to define the consumer preferences towards different CB attributes by involving a sample of individuals from Piedmont (from North-West Italy). Furthermore, the experimentation was designed to distinguish heterogeneous individuals' consumption profiles each characterised by different CB preferences, drinking habits and socio-demographic characteristics.Design/methodology/approachThe exploration of individuals' preferences towards 12 CB quality attributes was made throughout a choice experiment based on the Best-Worst Scaling (BWS) methodology approach. In addition, the BWS results were employed in the latent class analysis to identify the best sample segmentation in relation to attributes preferences.FindingsThe “Brand knowledge”, “I have already tried it” were the most important attributes for CB choice. On the contrary, the “Type of packaging” and “Price” were the least important for CB choice. The “Loyal”, “Attentive to quality composition” and “Territorial brand” clusters were defined in function of CB consumers preferences and described in terms of individuals consumption habits and socio-demographic characteristics.Originality/valueThe BWS methodology allowed the definition of a preference index for each selected CB attributes. These indications could have concrete importance on production and marketing choices in an increasingly extended and globalised market, also at large-scale distribution level. Furthermore, the definition of different consumption profiles allowed to highlight the heterogeneity of consumption (preferences and habits) towards CB.

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Who Are Gun Owners in the United States? A Latent Class Analysis of the 2019 National Lawful Use of Guns Survey

Sociological Perspectives ◽

10.1177/07311214211028619 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 073112142110286

Author(s):

Claire Boine ◽

Kevin Caffrey ◽

Michael Siegel

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

The United States ◽

The Body ◽

Political Affiliation ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Second Amendment ◽

Family Tradition ◽

Group 12 ◽

Symbolic Meanings

We used data from the 2019 National Lawful Use of Guns Survey to segment the gun-owning population into different subcultural categories. Performing a latent class analysis, we introduce six types of indicators: (1) the types of firearm owned, (2) the reported primary reason for owning a firearm, (3) involvement in various gun-related activities, (4) Second Amendment activism, (5) the extent to which those in one’s social network own guns, and (6) measures of symbolic meanings attached to firearms. We introduce gender, race, U.S. region, and political affiliation as covariates. We find six classes of gun owners. The largest group (28 percent) is composed of family protectors who go to the shooting range and feel empowered by their guns. The second largest category (19 percent) is made up of incidental gun owners motivated by protection or family tradition. The third group (18 percent) consists of Second Amendment activists who engage in multiple gun-related activities and are resistant to social change. The fourth category (13 percent) contains target shooters. The fifth group (12 percent) is made up of hunters. The sixth category (11 percent), self-protectors, has a majority of women (51 percent). Our findings add to a very recent body of literature on variations in the meanings that guns have for people. In particular, we demonstrate that there are stark cultural differences between gun owners and that the body of existing research on this topic has mostly focused on the Second Amendment activists, who only represent about 18 percent of all gun owners.

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Work values: a latent class analysis of Korean employees

Higher Education Skills and Work-based Learning ◽

10.1108/heswbl-10-2021-0188 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Jinju Lee ◽

Yunsoo Lee ◽

Soo Jung Kim ◽

Ji Hoon Song

Keyword(s):

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Human Resource Development ◽

Human Resource ◽

Work Values ◽

Latent Class ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

National Level ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Content Type ◽

Class 1

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to identify latent classes of work values that influence the career choices of Korean workers through a person-centred approach. Because work values may be diverse in individuals, investigating the various combinations of those values will help understand individual's decisions to take, maintain and leave a job.Design/methodology/approachThe authors used a total of 15,103 datasets collected at the national level in South Korea. Data were analyzed by using latent class analysis (LCA); a three-step approach was employed to address classification.FindingsAs the results of this study, Class 3, “seeking balanced work values rather than income,” presented the highest level of job satisfaction, whereas Class 1, “seeking job security and income,” exhibited the lowest.Originality/valueEmploying an assessment tool to identify the distinct combinations of work values that individuals possess and then providing them with appropriate training and development programs and customized Human Resource (HR) policies aligned with the classes will be essential tasks for HRD (Human Resource Development)/HRM (Human Resource Management) practitioners.

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Patterns of high-intensity drinking among young adults in the United States: A repeated measures latent class analysis

Addictive Behaviors ◽

10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.06.004 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 74 ◽

pp. 134-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Megan E. Patrick ◽

Yvonne M. Terry-McElrath ◽

John E. Schulenberg ◽

Bethany C. Bray

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Young Adults ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

High Intensity ◽

Repeated Measures ◽

Latent Class ◽

The United States ◽

Class Analysis

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Predominant typologies of psychopathology in the United States: A latent class analysis

Journal of Psychiatric Research ◽

10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.07.028 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 (11) ◽

pp. 1649-1657 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Renée El-Gabalawy ◽

Jack Tsai ◽

Ilan Harpaz-Rotem ◽

Rani Hoff ◽

Jitender Sareen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Latent Class ◽

The United States ◽

Class Analysis

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Latent class analysis of bladder urothelial carcinoma to reveal sub-classes defined by alterations to chromatin and signal transduction networks.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2016.34.2_suppl.469 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 34 (2_suppl) ◽

pp. 469-469

Author(s):

Alex Fichtenholtz ◽

Alyna Khan ◽

Jeffrey S. Ross ◽

Siraj Mahamed Ali ◽

Vincent A. Miller ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Latent Class Analysis ◽

Urothelial Carcinoma ◽

Latent Class ◽

The United States ◽

Response To Therapy ◽

Tumor Type ◽

Class Analysis ◽

Bladder Urothelial Carcinoma ◽

High Level

469 Background: 70,000 new cases of bladder urothelial carcinoma are diagnosed in the United States each year. Previous studies of this disease suggest two divergent pathways of carcinogenesis, with ~70% of cases being driven by alterations in signal transduction pathways (FGFR3, HRAS) and the remainder featuring alterations in cell cycle genes (TP53, RB1). Other studies focus on the high prevalence of alterations in chromatin remodeling genes (ARID1A, CREBBP, EP300) in this tumor type. The relationship between chromatin modifier alterations and the two bladder TCC sub-classes is not yet understood. Methods: Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) on 638 clinically confirmed cases of advanced bladder urothelial carcinoma was performed using the FoundationOne platform. The coding exons of 287 cancer-related and 47 introns of 19 genes frequently rearranged in cancer were sequenced and analyzed for base substitutions, insertions, deletions, copy number alterations and select gene fusions. The resultant alteration profiles were analyzed for their information content with an entropy-based approach and the profiles were subjected to hierarchical latent class analysis (LCA). Results: CGP of 488 male and 150 female UCs of median age 66 (min: 29, max: 87) resulted in 3241 detected alterations across 302 unique genes, for a mean of ~5.1 known or likely somatic alterations per sample. The most commonly altered genes were TP53, CDKN2A/B, ARID1A, KDM6A, and MLL2. Information was concentrated in the 33 most frequently altered genes. Multiple high level clusters were defined by combinatorial patterns of alterations in TP53, CDKN2A/B, RB1, and FGFR3. Sub-classes were defined by mutually exclusive alterations in the chromatin modifiers KDM6A, MLL2, and ARID1A. Conclusions: We present a global picture of UC sub-classes that encompasses previously identified local relationships including the mutual exclusivities between FGFR3 and TP53, RB1 and CDKN2A/B, and KDM6A and MLL2. In the context of clinically relevant genomic alterations that auger response to targeted therapies, identification of sub-classes of UC may further delineate response to therapy.

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