Advances in additive manufacturing of shape memory polymer composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-398
Author(s):  
Irina Tatiana Garces ◽  
Cagri Ayranci
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Optimized Design ◽  
Material Particle ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Material Printing

Purpose A review on additive manufacturing (AM) of shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) is put forward to highlight the progress made up to date, conduct a critical review and show the limitations and possible improvements in the different research areas within the different AM techniques. The purpose of this study is to identify academic and industrial opportunities. Design/methodology/approach This paper introduces the reader to three-dimensional (3 D) and four-dimensional printing of shape memory polymers (SMPs). Specifically, this review centres on manufacturing technologies based on material extrusion, photopolymerization, powder-based and lamination manufacturing processes. AM of SMPC was classified according to the nature of the filler material: particle dispersed, i.e. carbon, metallic and ceramic and long fibre reinforced materials, i.e. carbon fibres. This paper makes a distinction for multi-material printing with SMPs, as multi-functionality and exciting applications can be proposed through this method. Manufacturing strategies and technologies for SMPC are addressed in this review and opportunities in the research are highlighted. Findings This paper denotes the existing limitations in the current AM technologies and proposes several directions that will contribute to better use and improvements in the production of additive manufactured SMPC. With advances in AM technologies, gradient changes in material properties can open diverse applications of SMPC. Because of multi-material printing, co-manufacturing sensors to 3D printed smart structures can bring this technology a step closer to obtain full control of the shape memory effect and its characteristics. This paper discusses the novel developments in device and functional part design using SMPC, which should be aided with simple first stage design models followed by complex simulations for iterative and optimized design. A change in paradigm for designing complex structures is still to be made from engineers to exploit the full potential of additive manufactured SMPC structures. Originality/value Advances in AM have opened the gateway to the potential design and fabrication of functional parts with SMPs and their composites. There have been many publications and reviews conducted in this area; yet, many mainly focus on SMPs and reserve a small section to SMPC. This paper presents a comprehensive review directed solely on the AM of SMPC while highlighting the research opportunities.

scholarly journals Recent progress in shape memory polymer composites: methods, properties, applications and prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 327-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Lei ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Haibao Lu ◽  
Kai Yu
Keyword(s):  
Shape Memory ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Recent Progress ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Systematic Understanding ◽  
Composite Properties

Abstract Shape memory polymers (SMPs) can be programmed to a temporary shape, and then recover its original shape by applying environmental stimuli when needed. To expands the application space of SMPs, the shape memory polymer composites (SMPCs) were fabricated either to improve the mechanical properties, or to incorporate more stimulus methods. With the deepening of research, the filler arrangement can also be used to reshape the composites from a two dimensional sheet to a three dimensional structure by a strain mismatch. Recently, SMPCs show more and more interesting behaviors. To gain systematic understanding, we briefly review the recent progress and summarize the challenges in SMPCs. We focus on the reinforcement methods and the composite properties. To look to the future, we review the bonding points with the advanced manufacturing technology and their potential applications.

scholarly journals Micro-buckling of carbon fibers in shape memory polymer composites under bending in the glass transition temperature region

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 96-108
Author(s):  
Nilesh Tiwari ◽  
AbdulHafiz A. Shaikh
Keyword(s):  
Glass Transition ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Minimum Energy ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Fiber Volume ◽  
Half Wavelength ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract The influence of a wide temperature range in the glass transition region of a shape memory polymer (SMP) matrix on micro-buckling of the fiber reinforcements in shape memory polymer composites (SMPC) under large bending deformation is described. Analytical expressions to estimate the strain energy, neutral strain surface, critical buckling surface and half wavelength of the buckled fibers in the SMPC are presented based on the minimum energy method. This study considers the reinforced fibers as three-dimensional elastic bodies and the matrix as a temperature stimulated flat plate. A comprehensive study was performed to understand the dynamic temperature behavior of the micro-buckled fibers and corresponding results were validated by previous works in the literature. The effects of fiber volume fraction and thickness of the SMPC plates on the half wavelength are also discussed along with the simultaneous influence of temperature on the parameters computed in the minimum energy analysis.

Additive manufacturing of shape memory polymers: effects of print orientation and infill percentage on mechanical properties

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 744-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Villacres ◽  
David Nobes ◽  
Cagri Ayranci
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Longitudinal Axis ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Material Extrusion ◽  
Fused Deposition

Purpose Material extrusion additive manufacturing, also known as fused deposition modeling, is a manufacturing technique in which objects are built by depositing molten materials layer-by-layer through a nozzle. The use and application of this technique has risen dramatically over the past decade. This paper aims to first, report on the production and characterization of a shape memory polymer material filament that was manufactured to print shape memory polymer objects using material extrusion additive manufacturing. Additionally, it aims to investigate and outline the effects of major printing parameters, such as print orientation and infill percentage, on the elastic and mechanical properties of printed shape memory polymer samples. Design/methodology/approach Infill percentage was tested at three levels, 50, 75 and 100 per cent, while print orientation was tested at four different angles with respect to the longitudinal axis of the specimens at 0°, 30°, 60° and 90°. The properties examined were elastic modulus, ultimate tensile strength and maximum strain. Findings Results showed that print angle and infill percentage do have a significant impact on the manufactured test samples. Originality/value Findings can significantly influence the tailored design and manufacturing of smart structures using shape memory polymer and material extrusion additive manufacturing.

scholarly journals Lightweight Microlattice With Tunable Mechanical Properties Using 3D Printed Shape Memory Polymer

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Yang ◽  
Manish Boorugu ◽  
Andrew Dopp ◽  
Howon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Temperature Shift ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Mechanical Metamaterials ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Varying Environments

Metamaterials are architected artificial materials engineered to exhibit properties not typically found in natural materials. Increasing attention has recently been given to mechanical metamaterials with unprecedented mechanical properties including high stiffness, strength, or/and resilience even at extremely low density. These unusual mechanical performances emerge from the three-dimensional (3D) spatial arrangement of the micro-structural elements designed to effectively distribute mechanical loads. Recent advances in additive manufacturing in micro-/nano-scale have catalyzed the growing interest in this field. This work presents a new lightweight microlattice with tunable and recoverable mechanical properties using a three-dimensionally architected shape memory polymer (SMP). SMP microlattices were fabricated utilizing our micro additive manufacturing technique called projection micro-stereolithography (PμSL), which uses a digital micro-mirror device (DMD™) as a dynamically reconfigurable photomask. We use a photo-crosslinkable and temperature-responsive SMP which can retain its large deformation until heated for spontaneous shape recovery. In addition, it exhibits remarkable elastic modulus changes during this transition. We demonstrate that mechanical responses of the micro 3D printed SMP microlattice can be reversibly tuned by temperature control. Mechanical testing result showed that stiffness of a SMP microlattice changed by two orders of magnitude by a moderate temperature shift by 60°C. Furthermore, the shape memory effect of the SMP allows for full restitution of the original shape of the microlattice upon heating even after substantial mechanical deformation. Mechanical metamaterials with lightweight, reversibly tunable properties, and shape recoverability can potentially lead to new smart structural systems that can effectively react and adapt to varying environments or unpredicted loads.

scholarly journals Design of Shape Memory Thermoplastic Material Systems for FDM-Type Additive Manufacturing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4254
Author(s):  
Paulina A. Quiñonez ◽  
Leticia Ugarte-Sanchez ◽  
Diego Bermudez ◽  
Paulina Chinolla ◽  
Rhyan Dueck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Shape Memory ◽  
Thermomechanical Processing ◽  
Material Selection ◽  
Shape Memory Polymer ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Materials Development ◽  
Thermoplastic Material ◽  
Polymer Systems ◽  
Injection Molded

The work presented here describes a paradigm for the design of materials for additive manufacturing platforms based on taking advantage of unique physical properties imparted upon the material by the fabrication process. We sought to further investigate past work with binary shape memory polymer blends, which indicated that phase texturization caused by the fused filament fabrication (FFF) process enhanced shape memory properties. In this work, two multi-constituent shape memory polymer systems were developed where the miscibility parameter was the guide in material selection. A comparison with injection molded specimens was also carried out to further investigate the ability of the FFF process to enable enhanced shape memory characteristics as compared to other manufacturing methods. It was found that blend combinations with more closely matching miscibility parameters were more apt at yielding reliable shape memory polymer systems. However, when miscibility parameters differed, a pathway towards the creation of shape memory polymer systems capable of maintaining more than one temporary shape at a time was potentially realized. Additional aspects related to impact modifying of rigid thermoplastics as well as thermomechanical processing on induced crystallinity are also explored. Overall, this work serves as another example in the advancement of additive manufacturing via materials development.

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