3D printing of geopolymer-based concrete for building applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1783-1788
Author(s):  
Asif Ur Rehman ◽  
Vincenzo M. Sglavo
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Modulus Of Rupture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Structural Applications ◽  
Jet Printing ◽  
Printing System ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Alkali Activated

Purpose Three-dimensional (3D) printing technology allows geometric complexity and customization with a significant reduction in the structural environmental impact. Nevertheless, it poses a serious threat to the environment when organic binders are used. Binder jet printing of alkali-activated geopolymer precursor can represent a successful and environmental-friendly alternative. Design/methodology/approach The present work reports about the successful 3D printing of metakaolin-based alkali-activated concrete, with dimensional integrity and valuable mechanical behavior. Findings The geometric behavior was studied as a function of alkali activator flow rate, and the minimum geometric deviation with complete saturation was recorded at 103 mg/s. The printed specimen is characterized by a modulus of rupture as high as 4.4 MPa at 135 mg/s. Practical implications The 3D printed geopolymer-based concrete can be potentially used in a wide range of structural applications from construction to thermal insulation elements. Originality/value The analysis of the 3D geopolymer-based concrete printing system and material conducted in this paper is original.

3D printing: an emerging technology for sensor fabrication

Sensor Review ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Bogue
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sensor Fabrication ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Complex Shapes ◽  
Printed Sensors ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

Purpose This study aims to provide a technical insight into sensors fabricated by three-dimensional (3D) printing methods. Design/methodology/approach Following an introduction to 3D printing, this article first discusses printed sensors for strain and allied variables, based on a diverse range of principles and materials. It then considers ultrasonic and acoustic sensor developments and provides details of a sensor based on 3D printed electronic components for monitoring food quality in real-time. Finally, brief concluding comments are drawn. Findings Several variants of the 3D printing technique have been used in the fabrication of a range of sensors based on many different operating principles. These exhibit good performance and sometimes unique characteristics. A key benefit is the ability to overcome the limitations of conventional manufacturing techniques by creating complex shapes from a wide range of sensing materials. Originality/value 3D printing is a new and potentially important sensor fabrication technology, and this article provides details of a range of recently reported developments.

A review on the role of 3D printing in the fight against COVID-19: safety and challenges

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sapam Ningthemba Singh ◽  
Vavilada Satya Swamy Venkatesh ◽  
Ashish Bhalchandra Deoghare
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Medical Supplies ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Purpose During the COVID-19 pandemic, the three-dimensional (3D) printing community is actively participating to address the supply chain gap of essential medical supplies such as face masks, face shields, door adapters, test swabs and ventilator valves. This paper aims to present a comprehensive study on the role of 3D printing during the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, its safety and its challenges. Design/methodology/approach This review paper focuses on the applications of 3D printing in the fight against COVID-19 along with the safety and challenges associated with 3D printing to fight COVID-19. The literature presented in this paper is collected from the journal indexing engines including Scopus, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed, Web of Science, etc. The main keywords used for searches were 3D printing COVID-19, Safety of 3D printed parts, Sustainability of 3D printing, etc. Further possible iterations of the keywords were used to collect the literature. Findings The applications of 3D printing in the fight against COVID-19 are 3D printed face masks, shields, ventilator valves, test swabs, drug deliveries and hands-free door adapters. As most of these measures are implemented hastily, the safety and reliability of these parts often lacked approval. The safety concerns include the safety of the printed parts, operators and secondary personnel such as the workers in material preparation and transportation. The future challenges include sustainability of the process, long term supply chain, intellectual property and royalty-free models, etc. Originality/value This paper presents a comprehensive study on the applications of 3D printing in the fight against COVID-19 with emphasis on the safety and challenges in it.

Algorithm to Reduce Leading and Lagging in Conformal Direct-Print

2018 ◽  
Vol 140 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Morteza Vatani ◽  
Faez Alkadi ◽  
Jae-Won Choi
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
3D Model ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Motion Direction ◽  
B Spline ◽  
And Topology ◽  
Printing System ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printed Patterns

A novel additive manufacturing algorithm was developed to increase the consistency of three-dimensional (3D) printed curvilinear or conformal patterns on freeform surfaces. The algorithm dynamically and locally compensates the nozzle location with respect to the pattern geometry, motion direction, and topology of the substrate to minimize lagging or leading during conformal printing. The printing algorithm was implemented in an existing 3D printing system that consists of an extrusion-based dispensing module and an XYZ-stage. A dispensing head is fixed on a Z-axis and moves vertically, while the substrate is installed on an XY-stage and moves in the x–y plane. The printing algorithm approximates the printed pattern using nonuniform rational B-spline (NURBS) curves translated directly from a 3D model. Results showed that the proposed printing algorithm increases the consistency in the width of the printed patterns. It is envisioned that the proposed algorithm can facilitate nonplanar 3D printing using common and commercially available Cartesian-type 3D printing systems.

scholarly journals A 3D Printed Jet Mixer for Centrifugal Microfluidic Platforms

Micromachines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunxia Wang ◽  
Yong Zhang ◽  
Zheng Qiao ◽  
Wanjun Wang
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mixing Efficiency ◽  
Medical Applications ◽  
Microfluidic Platforms ◽  
Mixing Performance ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Miscible Liquids ◽  
Biological And Medical Applications

Homogeneous mixing of microscopic volume fluids at low Reynolds number is of great significance for a wide range of chemical, biological, and medical applications. An efficient jet mixer with arrays of micronozzles was designed and fabricated using additive manufacturing (three-dimensional (3D) printing) technology for applications in centrifugal microfluidic platforms. The contact surface of miscible liquids was enhanced significantly by impinging plumes from two opposite arrays of micronozzles to improve mixing performance. The mixing efficiency was evaluated and compared with the commonly used Y-shaped micromixer. Effective mixing in the jet mixer was achieved within a very short timescale (3s). This 3D printed jet mixer has great potential to be implemented in applications by being incorporated into multifarious 3D printing devices in microfluidic platforms.

Soft-tissue-mimicking using silicones for the manufacturing of soft phantoms by fresh 3D printing

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aitor Tejo-Otero ◽  
Arthur Colly ◽  
Edwin-Joffrey Courtial ◽  
Felip Fenollosa-Artés ◽  
Irene Buj-Corral ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Living Tissue ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Microscopy Analysis ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Liver Phantom

Purpose The purpose of this study is to use the Freeform Reversible Embedding of Suspended Hydrogels (FRESH) additive manufacturing (AM) technique for manufacturing a liver phantom which can mimic the corresponding soft living tissue. One of the possible applications is surgical planning. Design/methodology/approach A thermo-reversible Pluronic® F-127-based support bath is used for the FRESH technique. To verify how three-dimensional (3D)-printed new materials can mimic liver tissue, dynamic mechanical analysis and oscillation shear rheometry tests are carried out to identify mechanical characteristics of different 3D printed silicone samples. Additionally, the differential scanning calorimetry was done on the silicone samples. Then, a validation of a 3D printed silicone liver phantom is performed with a 3D scanner. Finally, the surface topography of the 3D printed liver phantom was fulfiled and microscopy analysis of its surface. Findings Silicone samples were able to mimic the liver, therefore obtaining the first soft phantom of the liver using the FRESH technique. Practical implications Because of the use of soft silicones, surgeons could practice over these improved phantoms which have an unprecedented degree of living tissue mimicking, enhancing their rehearsal experience before surgery. Social implications An improvement in surgeons surgery skills would lead to a bettering in the patient outcome. Originality/value The first research study was carried out to mimic soft tissue and apply it to the 3D printing of organ phantoms using AM FRESH technique.

Fast production of customized three-dimensional-printed hand splints

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Popescu ◽  
Aurelian Zapciu ◽  
Cristian Tarba ◽  
Dan Laptoiu
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Online Application ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Cad ◽  
Aesthetic Appearance ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Manufacturing Time ◽  
Practical Implications

Purpose This paper aims to propose a new solution for producing customized three-dimensional (3D)-printed flat-shaped splints, which are then thermoformed to fit the patient’s hand. The splint design process is automated and is available to clinicians through an online application. Design/methodology/approach Patient anthropometric data measured by clinicians are associated with variables of parametric 3D splint models. Once these variables are input by clinicians in the online app, customized stereo lithography (STL) files for both splint and half mold, in the case of the bi-material splint, are automatically generated and become available for download. Bi-materials splints are produced by a hybrid manufacturing process involving 3D printing and overmolding. Findings This approach eliminates the need for 3D CAD-proficient clinicians, allows fast generation of customized splints, generates two-dimensional (2D) drawings of splints for verifying shape and dimensions before 3D printing and generates the STL files. Automation reduces splint design time and cost, while manufacturing time is diminished by 3D printing the splint in a flat position. Practical implications The app could be used in clinical practice. It meets the demands of mass customization using 3D printing in a field where individualization is mandatory. The solution is scalable – it can be extended to other splint designs or to other limbs. 3D-printed tailored splints can offer improved wearing comfort and aesthetic appearance, while maintaining hand immobilization, allowing visually controlled follow-up for edema and rapidly observing the need for revision if necessary. Originality/value An online application was developed for uploading patient measurements and downloading 2D drawings and STL files of customized splints. Different models of splints can be designed and included in the database as alternative variants. A method for producing bi-materials flat splints combining soft and rigid polymers represents another novelty of the research.

A Three-Dimensional Printed, Nonassembly, Passive Dynamic Walking Toy: Design and Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian L. Treviño ◽  
Joseph D. Galloway ◽  
Pranav A. Bhounsule
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Mass Distribution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Mass Distributions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Walking Motion ◽  
Wood Carving ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Kinematic Mechanisms ◽  
Toy Design

In this paper, we present the redesign and analysis of a century old walking toy. Historically, the toy is made up of two wooden pieces including a rear leg and a front leg and body (as a single piece) that are attached to each other by means of a pin joint. When the toy is placed on a ramp and given a slight perturbation, it ambles downhill powered only by gravity. Before the toy can walk successfully, it needs careful tuning of its geometry and mass distribution. The traditional technique of manual wood carving offers very limited flexibility to tune the mass distribution and geometry. We have re-engineered the toy to be three-dimensional (3D) printed as a single integrated assembly that includes a pin joint and the two legs. After 3D printing, we have to manually break-off the weakly held support material to allow movement of the pin joint. It took us 6 iterations to progressively tune the leg geometry, mass distribution, and hinge joint tolerances to create our most successful working prototype. The final 3D printed toy needs minimal postprocessing and walks reliably on a 7.87 deg downhill ramp. Next, we created a computer model of the toy to explain its motion and stability. Parameter studies reveal that the toy exhibits stable walking motion for a fairly wide range of mass distributions. Although 3D printing has been used to create nonassembly articulated kinematic mechanisms, this is the first study that shows that it is possible to create dynamics-based nonassembly mechanisms such as walking toys.

scholarly journals Extrusion-Based 3D Printing for Highly Porous Alginate Materials Production

Gels ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 92
Author(s):  
Natalia Menshutina ◽  
Andrey Abramov ◽  
Pavel Tsygankov ◽  
Daria Lovskaya
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Complex Geometry ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Supercritical Drying ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Highly Porous

Three-dimensional (3D) printing is a promising technology for solving a wide range of problems: regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, chemistry, etc. One of the potential applications of additive technologies is the production of highly porous structures with complex geometries, while printing is carried out using gel-like materials. However, the implementation of precise gel printing is a difficult task due to the high requirements for “ink”. In this paper, we propose the use of gel-like materials based on sodium alginate as “ink” for the implementation of the developed technology of extrusion-based 3D printing. Rheological studies were carried out for the developed alginate ink compositions. The optimal rheological properties are gel-like materials based on 2 wt% sodium alginate and 0.2 wt% calcium chloride. The 3D-printed structures with complex geometry were successfully dried using supercritical drying. The resulting aerogels have a high specific surface area (from 350 to 422 m2/g) and a high pore volume (from 3 to 3.78 cm3/g).

Novel exploration of 3D printed wrist arthroplasty to solve the severe and complicated bone defect of wrist

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 465-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing Han ◽  
Yanguo Qin ◽  
Yun Zou ◽  
Chenyu Wang ◽  
Haotian Bai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Bone Defects ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
Content Type ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
And Function ◽  
Wrist Arthroplasty

Purpose Although proximal row carpectomy, wrist arthrodesis and even total wrist arthroplasty were developed to treat wrist disease using bone and cartilage of the wrist, severe and complicated bone defects caused by ferocious trauma and bone tumors remain a stubborn problem for surgeons. Development and application of the three-dimensional (3D) printing technology may provide possible solutions. Design/methodology/approach Computed tomography (CT) data of three cases with severe bone defects caused by either trauma or bone tumor were collected and converted into three-dimensional models. Prostheses were designed individually according to the residual anatomical structure of the wrist based on the models. Both the models and prostheses were produced using 3D printing technology. A preoperative design was prepared according to the models and prostheses. Then arthroplasty was performed after preoperative simulation with printed models and prostheses. Findings The diameter of the stem and radial medullary cavity, the direction and location of the prosthesis, and other components were checked during the preoperative design and simulation process phases. The three cases with 3D printed wrist all regained reconstruction of normal anatomy and part of the function after surgery. The average increasing Cooney score rate of Cases 2 and 3 was 133.34 ± 23.57 per cent, and that of Case 1 reached 85 per cent. The average declining rate of the Gartland and Werley Score in Cases 2 and 3 was 65.21 ± 18.89 per cent, and that of Case 1 dropped to 5 per cent in the last follow-up. The scores indicated that patients experienced pain relief and function regain. In addition, the degree of patient satisfaction improved. Originality/value 3D printed wrist arthroplasty may provide an effective method for severe and complicated cases without sacrificing other bones. Personal customization can offer better anatomy and function than arthrodesis or other traditional surgical techniques.

3D printing in tissue engineering: a state of the art review of technologies and biomaterials

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1313-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataraj Poomathi ◽  
Sunpreet Singh ◽  
Chander Prakash ◽  
Arjun Subramanian ◽  
Rahul Sahay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Regenerative Medicine ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Potential Applications

Purpose In the past decade, three-dimensional (3D) printing has gained attention in areas such as medicine, engineering, manufacturing art and most recently in education. In biomedical, the development of a wide range of biomaterials has catalysed the considerable role of 3D printing (3DP), where it functions as synthetic frameworks in the form of scaffolds, constructs or matrices. The purpose of this paper is to present the state-of-the-art literature coverage of 3DP applications in tissue engineering (such as customized scaffoldings and organs, and regenerative medicine). Design/methodology/approach This review focusses on various 3DP techniques and biomaterials for tissue engineering (TE) applications. The literature reviewed in the manuscript has been collected from various journal search engines including Google Scholar, Research Gate, Academia, PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science. The keywords that have been selected for the searches were 3 D printing, tissue engineering, scaffoldings, organs, regenerative medicine, biomaterials, standards, applications and future directions. Further, the sub-classifications of the keyword, wherever possible, have been used as sectioned/sub-sectioned in the manuscript. Findings 3DP techniques have many applications in biomedical and TE (B-TE), as covered in the literature. Customized structures for B-TE applications are easy and cost-effective to manufacture through 3DP, whereas on many occasions, conventional technologies generally become incompatible. For this, this new class of manufacturing must be explored to further capabilities for many potential applications. Originality/value This review paper presents a comprehensive study of the various types of 3DP technologies in the light of their possible B-TE application as well as provides a future roadmap.

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