scholarly journals Reliability and validity of children’s advertising exposure measures

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanna Opree ◽  
Moniek Buijzen ◽  
Eva van Reijmersdal
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Television Advertising ◽  
Internet Advertising ◽  
Commercial Television ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Content Specificity ◽  
Advertising Exposure ◽  
Test Retest Reliability

Purpose First, three levels of content specificity for assessing children’s exposure to advertising were distinguished as follows: exposure to the medium, exposure to broad content and exposure to specific (i.e. commercial) content. Second, using longitudinal data from 165 children between 8 and 11 years old, the test-retest reliability and content validity of survey measures from all three levels were examined. Design/methodology/approach Due to societal concerns about the effects of advertising on children’s well-being, research into this topic is expanding. To enhance knowledge accumulation and bring uniformity to the field, a validated standard survey measure of advertising exposure is needed. The aim of this study is to provide such measures for television and internet advertising. Findings The findings suggest that all measures provided solid estimates for children’s television and internet advertising exposure. Yet, due to minor differences in reliability and validity, it may be concluded that television advertising exposure can best be measured by asking children how often they watch certain popular (commercial) television networks, either weighting or not weighting for advertising density. Internet advertising exposure can best be measured by asking children how often they use the internet or how often they visit certain popular websites, weighting for advertising density. Originality/value The current measures for children’s advertising exposure through traditional media can easily be adapted to fit new media.

scholarly journals What is eSports and why do people watch it?

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juho Hamari ◽  
Max Sjöblom
Keyword(s):  
New Media ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Structural Model ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Measurement Model ◽  
Video Gaming ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Measurement Instruments ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sports Consumption

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate why do people spectate eSports on the internet. The authors define eSports (electronic sports) as “a form of sports where the primary aspects of the sport are facilitated by electronic systems; the input of players and teams as well as the output of the eSports system are mediated by human-computer interfaces.” In more practical terms, eSports refer to competitive video gaming (broadcasted on the internet). Design/methodology/approach The study employs the motivations scale for sports consumption which is one of the most widely applied measurement instruments for sports consumption in general. The questionnaire was designed and pre-tested before distributing to target respondents (n=888). The reliability and validity of the instrument both met the commonly accepted guidelines. The model was assessed first by examining its measurement model and then the structural model. Findings The results indicate that escapism, acquiring knowledge about the games being played, novelty and eSports athlete aggressiveness were found to positively predict eSport spectating frequency. Originality/value During recent years, eSports (electronic sports) and video game streaming have become rapidly growing forms of new media in the internet driven by the growing provenance of (online) games and online broadcasting technologies. Today, hundreds of millions of people spectate eSports. The present investigation presents a large study on gratification-related determinants of why people spectate eSports on the internet. Moreover, the study proposes a definition for eSports and further discusses how eSports can be seen as a form of sports.

scholarly journals Measurement of Well-Being in Gerontopsychiatric Nursing Home Residents: Development of the Laurens Well-Being Inventory for Gerontopsychiatry

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 136-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elja van der Wolf ◽  
Susan A. H. van Hooren ◽  
Wim Waterink ◽  
Lilian Lechner
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Potential Measurement ◽  
First Results ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Responsiveness To Change ◽  
Final Instrument

Background: The gerontopsychiatric population consists of nursing home residents with combined psychiatric and physical disabilities. A validated measure to assess well-being among this population is currently not available. This article is a first step toward the development of a well-being instrument for the gerontopsychiatric population. Methods: Potential measurement items were gathered and selected with the help of both gerontopsychiatric residents and care professionals. A total of 295 residents and their primary professional caregivers were interviewed. Theoretical and data-driven considerations were applied in the methodological process of scale construction. Results: The final instrument comprised of 30 items within 3 dimensions of well-being (physical, social, and psychological well-being). Reliability and validity were found to be adequate for all dimensions and subscales. Conclusions: The Laurens Well-Being Inventory for Gerontopsychiatry measures well-being in gerontopsychiatric nursing home residents. The first results regarding reliability and validity are promising. More research is needed especially to examine test–retest reliability and responsiveness to change.

scholarly journals Operations social practices in safety and health at work

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leonardo Caixeta de Castro Maia ◽  
Daniel Masini Espindola ◽  
Cristiano Henrique Antonelli da Veiga
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Community Culture ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Operational Practices ◽  
Manufacturing Organization

Purpose Studying the gap between improvements in operational performance of a manufacturing organization does not necessarily represent the existent of safe and healthy work. The purpose of this paper is to fill this gap validating a scale about social practices. Design/methodology/approach The literature was studied; data analysis instrument and the scale validated by Q-sort. The reliability and validity of research instrument indicators were drawing from the analysis of judges. The data were assessed by convergence matrix. Findings It was validated five social practices factors. It was enabled the adequacy of the name of the constructs and establishment which indicators better convergence to the constructs. Research limitations/implications The judge´s number that answered the research was low. The level of convergence related of two factors was above 50 percent. Practical implications It is possible to achieve better levels of performance through social practices. Organizations must rethink the management and the routine of the workers to implement the operational practices. Social implications The practices need to have with well-defined rules, as well as action to drive compliance. This vision also needs to be expanded to suppliers, customers and society. Originality/value Highlight five points: technology is the main factor for analyzes and decisions; the search for quality leads organizations to seek practices that improve workers’ well-being, health and safety; the activities of the worker are carried out on the factory, or in the work environment; Should not to belittle the local community; culture is an essential factor to continuous improvement.

What’s App: a social capital perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noa Aharony
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
New Media ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Bridging Social Capital ◽  
The Social ◽  
Technological Platform ◽  
Social Capital Perspective ◽  
Academic Year

Purpose – Based on the premises of Putnam’s bridging social capital, and on Ellison, Steinfield and Lampe’s notion of maintained social capital, the purpose of this paper is to explore the extent to which the well-being variables of self-esteem and loneliness, as well as What’s App attitudes and intention to use variables, explain the social capital students gain from What’s App use. Design/methodology/approach – The research was conducted in Israel during the second semester of the 2014 academic year and included 124 students from two major universities in Israel. Researchers used six questionnaires to gather data. Findings – Findings confirm that the well-being variables, as well as What’s App attitudes and intention to use, affect the social capital students gain while using What’s App. Originality/value – The findings of this study shed light on a new technological platform: What’s App that has rarely been examined to date. In addition, it expands the social capital and well-being perspectives to new media.

scholarly journals Association between commercial television exposure and fast-food consumption among adults

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maree Scully ◽  
Helen Dixon ◽  
Melanie Wakefield
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Television Advertising ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Commercial Television ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Fast Food Consumption ◽  
Food Advertisements ◽  
Advertising Exposure ◽  
Eating Fast

AbstractObjectiveTo examine the association between television advertising exposure and adults’ consumption of fast foods.DesignCross-sectional telephone survey. Questions included measures of frequency of fast-food consumption at different meal times and average daily hours spent watching commercial television.Subjects/settingSubjects comprised 1495 adults (41 % response rate) aged ≥18 years from Victoria, Australia.ResultsTwenty-three per cent of respondents usually ate fast food for dinner at least once weekly, while 17 % consumed fast food for lunch on a weekly basis. The majority of respondents reported never eating fast food for breakfast (73 %) or snacks (65 %). Forty-one per cent of respondents estimated watching commercial television for ≤1 h/d (low viewers); 29 % watched for 2 h/d (moderate viewers); 30 % watched for ≥3 h/d (high viewers). After adjusting for demographic variables, high viewers were more likely to eat fast food for dinner at least once weekly compared with low viewers (OR = 1·45; 95 % CI 1·04, 2·03). Both moderate viewers (OR = 1·53; 95 % CI 1·01, 2·31) and high viewers (OR = 1·81; 95 % CI 1·20, 2·72) were more likely to eat fast food for snacks at least once weekly compared with low viewers. Commercial television viewing was not significantly related (P> 0·05) to fast-food consumption at breakfast or lunch.ConclusionsThe results of the present study provide evidence to suggest that cumulative exposure to television food advertising is linked to adults’ fast-food consumption. Additional research that systematically assesses adults’ behavioural responses to fast-food advertisements is needed to gain a greater understanding of the mechanisms driving this association.

scholarly journals An experience sampling approach to the workplace environment survey

Facilities ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (1/2) ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
Michael Roskams ◽  
Barry Haynes
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Experience Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Workplace Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Open Plan ◽  
Survey Responses ◽  
Test Retest Reliability ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Sampling Approach

Purpose The purpose of this study is to pilot test the effectiveness of the experience sampling approach for measuring employee satisfaction with the workplace environment. Additionally, the authors also aimed to explore, which aspects of environmental comfort have the strongest impact on momentary well-being and productivity. Design/methodology/approach In total, 15 knowledge workers in an open-plan office environment were sent a brief survey (measuring environmental comfort, momentary well-being and perceived productivity) each day over an 11-day study period and provided 78 individual survey responses in total. Findings All but one of the measures on the survey had low test-retest reliability, indicating that employees’ experiences of environmental comfort varied significantly each time they completed the survey. Additionally, higher environmental comfort was associated with improved well-being and productivity. Practical implications The results suggest that an experience sampling approach to the workplace occupant survey is justified to better capture the temporal variability in experiences of environmental comfort. The results also suggest that improving environmental comfort, particularly by reducing the level of distractions, will enable employees to work more productively. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first field study which has attempted to directly address limitations in traditional occupant surveys by using an experience sampling approach rather than a one-time-only questionnaire.

Impact of nutrition and health counselling on quality of life in celiac children aged 7-12 years as reported by parents

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sadia Chishty ◽  
Monika Monika ◽  
Nimali Singh
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Nutrition And Health ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Health Counselling

Purpose The purpose of the study was to assess the impact of nutrition and health counselling on quality of life (QoL) among celiac children (CC) aged 7-12 years, which was reported by the parent. So far, no study has emphasized on impact of nutritional counselling on QoL in CC. The QoL in the present study was reported by parents of celiac and non-celiac (NC) subjects. Design/methodology/approach This is an interventional study. Follow-up celiac cases aged 7-12 years (n = 50) were compared with NC cases (n = 25). A 24-item instrument was standardized for reliability and validity and was used to assess the QoL of children on a 100-score scale. The scale used four dimensions and explored physical, emotional, social and family outlook. The impact of health counselling using posters, leaflets and a booklet prepared on simplification of disease, gluten-free diet and its treatment was determined. Findings Total QoL scores were better in NC children (7-9 years), whereas celiac pre-adolescents (CP; 10-12 years) showed higher QoL scores than NC pre-adolescents. NC QoL scores were significantly higher than CC in emotional and mental domain (p < 0.02) and family outlook (p < 0.01). In CP, physical well-being (p < 0.01) and social well-being (p < 0.04) were significantly higher, whereas family outlook was significantly lower (p < 0.01). After repetitive counselling sessions, the CC had higher scores than their NC siblings. Postintervention QoL scores in CC (7-9 years) and pre-adolescents improved from 77.5 to 80.95 and from 80.16 to 83.75, respectively, and a significant positive shift was seen in family outlook (p < 0.05). Originality/value This study presents a comparative analysis on impact of nutrition counselling on QoL in Indian CC and their comparison with NC siblings matched for age.

Correlates of parental mediation of pre-schooler’s advertising exposure

2016 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 337-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirsten Jane Robertson ◽  
Robert Aitken ◽  
Maree Thyne ◽  
Leah Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Parental Education ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Television Advertising ◽  
Parental Mediation ◽  
Viewing Time ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Sibling Composition ◽  
Mediation Styles ◽  
Advertising Exposure ◽  
Older Sibling

Purpose This paper aims to explore the correlates of parental mediation of pre-schoolers’ television advertising exposure, focusing on the influence of other siblings in the home. Design/methodology/approach Participants included 486 parents of pre-schoolers. A cross-sectional design involving a quantitative online survey measured the number and age of children in the home, parents’ mediation styles and advertising attitudes, parents’ levels of education and pre-schoolers’ television exposure. Findings Co-viewing was the most frequent viewing experience followed by instructive and restrictive mediation. A univariate analysis revealed that parental education and negative attitudes towards advertising were associated with less viewing time for pre-schoolers, although the presence of other siblings mediated this relationship. Logistic regression revealed mediation styles were associated with parental education, attitudes towards advertising, viewing time and the presence of other siblings. Pre-schoolers with an older sibling were less likely to experience co-viewing and more likely to experience instructive mediation. Research limitations/implications The findings revealed that parents of pre-schoolers are concerned about advertising to children and actively mediate their child’s exposure. Parental attitudes and education, and sibling composition influence pre-schoolers’ television consumption, and pre-schoolers with an older sibling might be most vulnerable to negative media effects. The sample was limited to primarily higher educated parents and might not generalize. Originality/value The study extends the field by focusing on pre-schoolers and provides novel insights into the influence of sibling composition on television consumption.

Impact of a nature-based intervention on incarcerated women

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 232-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barb Toews ◽  
Amy Wagenfeld ◽  
Julie Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Incarcerated Women ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Prison Community ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to understand the impact of a short-term nature-based intervention on the social-emotional well-being of women incarcerated on a mental health unit in a state prison. Design/methodology/approach This research used a mixed method approach with individual interviews, a focus group and a visual analog scale (VAS). Findings Qualitative results found that women appreciated the planting party and the way the plants improved the physical environment. Women were also emotionally and relationally impacted by their participation and practiced skills related to planting and working with people. Quantitative results indicate that women were happier, calmer, and more peaceful after the intervention than before. Research limitations/implications Study limitations include sample size, self-report data and use of a scale not yet tested for reliability and validity. Practical implications Findings suggest that nature-based interventions can serve as an adjunct to traditional mental health therapies in correctional settings. Nature-based interventions can support women’s goals to improve their mental health. Social implications Findings suggest that nature-based interventions can serve to improve relationships among incarcerated women, which may make a positive impact on the prison community. Such interventions may also assist them in developing relational and technical skills that are useful upon release. Originality/value To date, there is limited knowledge about the impact of nature-based interventions on incarcerated individuals coping with mental health concerns.

Collegiality in business schools

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 322-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morgan P. Miles ◽  
C. David Shepherd ◽  
Jacob M. Rose ◽  
Mark Dibben
Keyword(s):  
Performance Evaluation ◽  
Business School ◽  
Business Schools ◽  
School Context ◽  
Work Satisfaction ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Content Type ◽  
University Environment ◽  
The University

Purpose – While collegiality is often discussed and touted as a critical aspect of academia, there is little research that empirically examines collegiality in university business schools. One cause of the paucity of research is the lack of a reliable scale to measure collegiality (Sabharwal, 2011). The purpose of this paper is to develop a scale that measures collegiality at the departmental level for university faculty, and then uses it to understand the implications of collegiality within an academic department within a business school. Design/methodology/approach – The present study uses a scale development process consisting of: defining the domain of the construct; item generation; and psychometric assessment of the scale’s reliability and validity. Items were adapted for a university business school context from Shah (2011) and Seigel and Miner-Rubino (2009). The scale was administrated using a convenience non-random sample design drawn from active marketing and entrepreneurship academics who subscribe to the American Marketing Association’s ELMAR and the Academy of Management’s ENTRE list-serves. Findings – The faculty collegiality scale (FCS) was found to exhibit sound psychometric properties in this study. The study found that assessments of department-level collegiality are associated with budgets, performance evaluation processes, and workload allocations. In addition, factors from the FCS mediate the relationships between institutional variables and work satisfaction, which indicate that collegiality is an important determinant of work satisfaction in a contemporary university environment. Originality/value – The FCS developed in the present study offers business school academics and administrators a glimpse into the dimensions of what the marketing and entrepreneurship academics perceive makes a good colleague – one that provides professional and social support and is trustworthy; does not engage in politics, positioning, or rent-seeking to advantage their own situation; and that contributes to the well-being of the students, the department, the discipline and the university. In addition, the present study found that the FCS was related to budgets, performance evaluation processes, and faculty workloads.

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