Cooking at Home, Fast Food, Meat Consumption, and Dietary Carbon Footprint among US Adults

Shifting consumer behavior towards more sustainable diets can benefit environmental sustainability and human health. Although more frequent home cooking is associated with a better diet quality and fast-food consumption with worse diet quality, the environmental impact of diets based on frequency of cooking or eating fast food is not well understood. The objective of this study was to investigate whether the frequency of cooking dinner at home or eating fast food is associated with dietary greenhouse gas emissions (GHGE). We linked 24-h dietary recall data from adult respondents in the 2007–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) (N = 11,469) to a database of GHGE factors to obtain a measure of dietary GHGE (kgCO2-eq/2000 kcal) (the sum of emissions released in the production of food for an individual’s diet), adjusted by energy intake (kgCO2-eq/2000 kcal). We examined associations between frequency of cooking dinner (the only meal for which cooking frequency was measured), frequency of eating fast food, and dietary GHGE and protein sources (beef, pork, poultry, other meat, and fish and seafood (g/2000 kcal)) using generalized linearized regression models that controlled for age, sex, and other socio-economic characteristics. Greater cooking frequency was associated with higher dietary GHGE. In fully adjusted models, cooking 5–6 times/week was associated with an additional 0.058 kgCO2-eq/2000 kcal (SE 0.033) and cooking 7 times/week was associated with an additional 0.057 kgCO2-eq/2000 kcal (SE 0.027) when compared to cooking 0–2 times/week. Individuals in households who cooked dinner more frequently consumed significantly more meat, poultry, and fish (cooking 7 times/week: 148.7 g/2000 kcal vs. cooking 0–2 times/week: 135.4 g/2000 kcal, p-trend = 0.005), which could explain the association with a higher carbon footprint diet. There were few associations of note between fast-food frequency and GHGE. Policies and interventions that reduce consumption of meat and increase consumption of plants when both cooking meals at home and eating meals out are needed to shift toward diets that will be beneficial for both human health and the health of the planet.

Efficacy of Guduchi Swarasa (Bhavaprakasa) in the Management of Madhumeh

Nowadays due to change in lifestyle, a human beings is attracting many diseases because of poor quality of food, eating more than necessary, sleeping during day time, eating fast food and improved stress in society. Madhumeha can be linked with Diabetes mellitus in modern medicine, which is attracting the whole world as a non-infectious epidemic. A total of 25-patients with classical symptoms of Madhumeh, irrespective of sex, occupation, etc was chosen for the clinical trial. The assessment was done on the basis of evolution in Rogabala, Dehabala, Chetasabala, and Agnibala by specific scoring patterns. The results were analyzed statistically by Paired t-test. In symptom-wise statistical analysis, it is seen that Guduchi Swarasa is significantly effective in the symptoms of Madhumeha. Guduchi Swarasa has major hypoglycemic action and it is more on post-meal blood sugar level.

Impact of income and eating speed on new-onset diabetes among men: a retrospective cohort study

ObjectiveTo examine the impact of income and eating speed on new-onset diabetes among men.DesignThis was a retrospective cohort study.SettingWe used the administrative claims and health check-up data for fiscal years 2010–2015 obtained from the Fukuoka branch of the Japan Health Insurance Association.ParticipantsParticipants were 15 474 non-diabetic male employees, aged between 40 and 74 years. They were categorised based on their eating speeds (ie, fast, normal and non-fast).Primary and secondary outcome measuresTo calculate the OR of the development of diabetes, we created generalised linear regression models with diabetes onset as the dependent variable and eating speed and income as covariates and calculated corresponding 95% CI values. The analyses were performed after adjusting the data for age, obesity and comorbidities.ResultsOf the total participants, 620 developed diabetes during the 5-year study period. A univariate analysis using the generalised linear regression model revealed that eating fast (OR: 1.35, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.55) and having a low income wereincome (OR: 1.47, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.74) were significantly associated with the onset of diabetes. After adjusting for age, obesity and comorbidities, both eating fast (OR: 1.17, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.35) and having a low income (OR: 1.24, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.50) were recognised as independent risk factors for diabetes onset.ConclusionsThe study revealed that eating fast and having a low income were independent risk factors, leading to the development of diabetes. While it is difficult to address income differences, it may be possible to address the factors that contribute to income differences to manage diabetes appropriately and at low healthcare costs. However, eating speed can be controlled. Hence, the provision of education and coaching on dietary habits, including eating speed, may be effective in preventing diabetes onset.

HUBUNGAN PENGARUH TEMAN DENGAN FREKUENSI KONSUMSI FAST FOOD MODERN PADA MAHASISWA UNIVERSITAS XYZ DI KOTA DEPOK

ABSTRACTExcessive consumption of fast food can increase the incidence of obesity and other health problems in adolescents. Eating fast food more than twice per week can increase BMI z-score significantly, compared to eating fast food once a week or not eating fast food at all. This study aims to determine the relationship between the influence of friends with the frequency of modern fast food consumption among students XYZ University in Depok. The research method used is quantitative with cross-sectional study design conducted to 148 students XYZ University Depok selected by systematic random sampling. It used questionnaire about individual characteristics, food characteristics, and environmental characteristics, while data of frequency fast food consumption from FFQ. Result showed that 51,4% of respondents consumed fast food often. Furthermore, there is a difference proportion in the influence of friends (p = 0.001) in determining the frequency of fast food consumption. Students with strong friend influences are 3.6 times more likely to eat fast food more often compared to poor friend influences. ABSTRAKKonsumsi fast food yang berlebihan dapat meningkatkan kejadian obesitas dan masalah kesehatan lainnya pada remaja. Mengonsumsi fast food lebih dari dua kali per minggu dapat meningkatkan BMI z-score secara signifikan, dibandingkan dengan yang mengonsumsi fast food seminggu sekali atau tidak mengonsumsi fast food sama sekali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan faktor pengaruh teman dengan frekuensi konsumsi fast food modern pada mahasiswa Universitas XYZ di Kota Depok. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuantitatif dengan desain studi cross-sectional yang dilakukan kepada 148 mahasiswa Universitas XYZ yang dipilih dengan systematic random sampling. Data karakteristik diperoleh dari kuesioner, sedangkan data frekuensi konsumsi fast food diperoleh dari FFQ. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebanyak 51,4% responden mengonsumsi fast food dengan frekuensi sering. Terdapat perbedaan proporsi pada pengaruh teman (p=0,001) dalam menentukan frekuensi konsumsi fast food. Mahasiswa dengan pengaruh teman yang kuat berpeluang 3,6 kali lebih sering mengonsumsi fast food dibandingkan mahasiswa dengan pengaruh teman lemah.

Eating Out: Fast Food Consumption and its Impact on Health of Young Generation of Karachi

This paper has measured the impacts of fast food on the health of the young generation. In today’s age where both the genders are working as bread earners of the family, people prefer fast foods because of the convenience factor and eating fast food is affecting and influencing the health of the young generation. The core population, who consume fast food the most frequently is teenage youth. The study is based on value expectancy theory and attempts to develop and test a theory-based questionnaire that identifies factor relating to fast food consumption and impact on health. In this qualitative study, data is collected by interviews with seven persons. The predetermine open-ended questions had been made to investigate the thoughts of respondents and indicate the key meanings that each participant had described his or her experiences. After conducting interviews from participants then identified relevant themes and are further discussed in the results. All findings are supported by the literature review that is related to this study. Moreover, the qualitative study ends with some recommendations to the young generation.

To Assess the effect of Fast Food among Adolescent Group

Background: Different types of fast food are becoming more popular in all parts of the world, including both developed and developing nations. Because of changes and transitions in people's lifestyles and dietary habits, an increasing number of people of all ages, particularly adolescents and young adults, are gravitating toward fast food. For past 10 years, Fast food consumption has increased globally. Hence, the topic of eating fast food can turn specifically very much better for the age group of 13-18. Because of this for controlling the eating habits of fast food first attention might be given to developing some nutritional habit to the adolescents. Aim: To assess the effect of fast food among adolescent group. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used in the study. The study was conducted among adolescents’ group rural area of Wardha district, Maharashtra. The population of the study was the adolescent group. The sampling technique used was simple random sampling. The sample was consisting of a total number of 85 subjects. A structured knowledge questionnaire were used to assess the knowledge and effect of fast food. Results: After the detailed analysis of the conducted study leads to the following conclusion that Means score of the adolescent group was 12±2.88 and the mean percentage of score was 60±14.41 It is revealed that the adolescent group is having lot many effects of fast food on their health and having knowledge regarding the effect of fast food, in that 1.18% of the adolescent group had a no effect, 30.59% of them had mild, 58.82% of them were moderate and 9.41% of them had a severe. The minimum score was 5 and the maximum score was 17 out of 20. Conclusion: The research concludes that adolescents are having an effect of fast food on their health so because of that they are having average knowledge regarding the effect of fast food.

Influence of rashaqa instructions, 2030 on behaviors of female students of departments of home science education and kindergarten, Umm Al-qura University, Makka, Saudi Arabia

College students’ prosperity advancing and harming behaviors are vital and include numerous parameters as eating and healthy habits. The activities of 185 undergraduate Saudi female university students from departments of Home Science Education (n=82) and Kindergarten (n=103), faculty of Education, UMM AL-QURA University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia were reported. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaires. Students in departments exposed to information on proper nutrition and healthy behavior through their learning period at university. Researcher compared differences between students of both departments on eating of breakfast, junk foods, fruits, vegetables, sweets and soft drinks; and healthy habits as brushing teeth, sleeping hours, smoking, sports, engagement in physical activity, duration spent watching TV and interacting on social media. Data were collected from April to October 2019 and compared. Results showed that students in the Department of Home Science Education had significantly higher levels of body mass index (BMI) (P= 0.002), total body weight (P= 0.002) using unpaired student "t" test, significantly higher increase of body weight since beginning of university study (P =0.026), spent significantly more free time watching TV per week days (P =0.013), spent significant more free time on social media at days of week (P =0.002); significantly higher chances of eating supper with their parents (P =0.004) and significantly more sleeping hours (P =0.005) versus those in Kindergarten Department. Skipping breakfast and snack pattern were common among Saudi university students. This study showed insignificant difference in other health related behaviors between students of Home Science Education and Kindergarten departments as eating breakfast during the week (P =0.293), days of eating breakfast (P =0.547), eating fast food during week (P =0.195), days of eating fast food (P =0.666) and bowel problems (P =0.109) using Chi-Square test. There was insignificant difference in fast foods intake (P =0.195), engagement in physical activities (P =0.163), intake of vegetables (P =0.370) and fruits (P =0.876) between students in both departments using Chi-Square test. Results indicated that behaviors to health-related habits are bad among female students of both Home Science Education and Kindergarten departments and this may be due to the fact that students living alone had more difficulties in adapting to healthy diets. These habits require more than having only knowledge about nutrition. A health program is required to elevate awareness and increase good behavior habits among students of Faculty of Education at UMM AL-QURA University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia as they are the future teachers.

Self-Reported Eating Speed Is Associated With Overweight Among Chinese School-Children: A Cross-Sectional Survey

PurposeThis study aimed to examine the association between eating speed and overweight in Chinese school-children. MethodsIn all, 664 schoolchildren (10-12 y) from 3 primary schools participated in this study in China. Their height and body weight were measured. Information about eating speed and other lifestyle behaviors was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression model was used to estimate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for overweight. ResultsData from 629 students were analyzed. 26.2% of participants reported they were eating fast. The prevalence of overweight (including obesity) was 22.9%, and the mean of sleep duration was 9.69 (SD= 0.63) hours (Table 1). In the multiple linear regression analysis, eating speed was negatively associated with BMI (B=-0.70; P﹤0.05) and TG (B=-0.16; P﹤0.05). In addition, participants who ate fast were more likely to be overweight (OR=1.81, 95% CI= 1.19 to 2.75) after adjusting for potential confounding factors. ConclusionsThis study indicates that eating fast is associated with overweight among Chinese school-children.Level of evidenceLevel V; cross-section descriptive study

Effects of Apple Form on Energy Intake During a Mid-Afternoon Snack: A Preload Paradigm Study in School-Aged Children

Consuming foods with a form or a texture that requires longer oral processing is a way to decrease food intake. Although this approach is promising for leveraging healthier eating patterns in adults, it has never been explored in children. This study evaluated whether starting a mid-afternoon snack by eating either apple segments or applesauce would modify hunger and subsequent food intake during this meal. Forty-four children (8–10 years old) participated in two videotaped mid-afternoon snacks, during which they received one of the two forms of apple as a food preload followed 10 min later by ad libitum consumption of sweetened cottage cheese. They self-reported their level of hunger throughout consumption, and the weight of cottage cheese consumed was determined at the end of the snack. Children's chewing capabilities and eating traits were parent-reported. Eating a raw apple increased oral exposure time and decreased bite size compared to eating applesauce. However, neither the reported hunger nor consecutive food intake were modified. Regardless of the meal, children eating fast had a higher ad libitum energy intake. The individual eating rate for the cottage cheese was correlated with the eating rate observed for applesauce but not for apple segments, the latter being associated with children's chewing difficulties. This study suggests that the form of a fruit offered at the start of a mid-afternoon snack does not impact food intake; the findings clearly call for more exploration of satiation mechanisms related to food texture properties among children and indicate the need to consider children's oral processing skills.