Using the AMCE Algorithm to High-Efficiently Develop Vehicle Driving Cycles With Road Grade

In this paper application of recursive least squares with multiple forgetting factors is explained for online estimation of Heavy Duty Vehicle mass and road grade. The test data is obtained from highway experiments with a Freightliner truck. The experimental setup is explained in detail. This data is used to validate the longitudinal dynamics model of the truck. Then two distinct driving cycles are used to investigate the performance of the mass and grade estimation scheme. In he first scheme no gear shift occurs and the only concern is persistence of excitations. It is shown that if the excitations are persistent, mass and time-varying grade are estimated with good accuracy. In the second cycle gearshifts occur and the challenge is the unmodelled dynamics during gearshifts which cause large overshoots in the estimates. A method is proposed to circumvent this problem and good estimation results are shown with this provision.

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On the Investigation of Energy Efficient Torque Distribution Strategies through a Comprehensive Powertrain Model

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13084549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (8) ◽

pp. 4549

Author(s):

Sara Salamone ◽

Basilio Lenzo ◽

Giovanni Lutzemberger ◽

Francesco Bucchi ◽

Luca Sani

Keyword(s):

Energy Storage ◽

Electric Vehicles ◽

Energy Efficient ◽

Storage System ◽

Energy Storage System ◽

Torque Distribution ◽

Driving Cycles ◽

Energy Models ◽

Battery State Of Charge

In electric vehicles with multiple motors, the torque at each wheel can be controlled independently, offering significant opportunities for enhancing vehicle dynamics behaviour and system efficiency. This paper investigates energy efficient torque distribution strategies for improving the operational efficiency of electric vehicles with multiple motors. The proposed strategies are based on the minimisation of power losses, considering the powertrain efficiency characteristics, and are easily implementable in real-time. A longitudinal dynamics vehicle model is developed in Simulink/Simscape environment, including energy models for the electrical machines, the converter, and the energy storage system. The energy efficient torque distribution strategies are compared with simple distribution schemes under different standardised driving cycles. The effect of the different strategies on the powertrain elements, such as the electric machine and the energy storage system, are analysed. Simulation results show that the optimal torque distribution strategies provide a reduction in energy consumption of up to 5.5% for the case-study vehicle compared to simple distribution strategies, also benefiting the battery state of charge.

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Modeling the emissions of rural vehicles based on real-world driving cycles

The Science of The Total Environment ◽

10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148380 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 148380

Author(s):

Yi Li ◽

Di Peng ◽

Lei Zu ◽

Mingliang Fu ◽

Yao Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Real World ◽

Driving Cycles

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Fuel economy, NOx emissions and lean NOx trap efficiency: Lessons from current driving cycles

International Journal of Engine Research ◽

10.1177/14680874211005080 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 146808742110050

Author(s):

José Rodríguez-Fernández ◽

Juan José Hernández ◽

Ángel Ramos ◽

Alejandro Calle-Asensio

Keyword(s):

Fuel Economy ◽

Thermal Efficiency ◽

Transport Sector ◽

Lean Nox Trap ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Exhaust Temperature ◽

Driving Cycles ◽

Vehicle Velocity ◽

Two Factors ◽

Lean Nox

Transport sector is within a profound changing period, but diesel engines are still called to play a significant role in future supported on their solid share in many regions and superior thermal efficiency compared to spark-ignited engines. This work identifies the parameters that most affect fuel consumption and NOx emissions on a diesel passenger car equipped with a lean NOx trap under different driving cycles and ambient temperatures. High average vehicle velocity was beneficial to reduce the fuel consumed per kilometer. The driving dynamics was of little importance, easily counteracted by a higher thermal efficiency, higher engine temperature (because of a longer trip) or/and an efficient gear shifting strategy. Moreover, at low ambient temperature the latter two factors doubled their weight on fuel economy. Regarding tailpipe NOx, keeping high aftertreatment performance was crucial. For this, low engine-out NOx emissions were four times more important than exhaust temperature or flow rate.

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Global phosphorus dynamics in terms of phosphine

npj Climate and Atmospheric Science ◽

10.1038/s41612-020-00154-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Wanyi Fu ◽

Xihui Zhang

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Human Activities ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Global Climate ◽

Global Scale ◽

Phosphorus Cycle ◽

Natural Ecosystems ◽

Driving Cycles ◽

Global Cycles ◽

Urban Wastewater Treatment

AbstractSince the detection of phosphine in the wastewater treatment plants in 1988, more and more investigations revealed that phosphine is closely related to ecological activities on a global scale. Here, we present perspectives on the whole dynamic cycles of phosphorus, particularly in terms of phosphine and its interactions with natural ecosystems, as well as the impacts from human activities. It may conclude that the phosphine-driving cycles of phosphorus depend on the coordination of human activities with natural ecosystems. Most importantly, the extensive recovery of phosphorus in numerous urban wastewater treatment plants may seriously obstruct its global cycles to catch up with the ecological needs in natural ecosystems. Phosphine gas plays an important role in the biogeochemical phosphorus cycle. Phosphorus might be one of the important elements participating in the global climate change together with carbon and nitrogen.

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Energy based method to analyse fuel saving potential of hybrid vehicles for different driving cycles

IFAC-PapersOnLine ◽

10.1016/j.ifacol.2016.08.093 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 49 (11) ◽

pp. 641-648 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Anders Grauers ◽

Karthik Upendra

Keyword(s):

Hybrid Vehicles ◽

Fuel Saving ◽

Driving Cycles

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Application of a Phenomenological Model for the Engine-Out Emissions of Unburned Hydrocarbons in Driving Cycles

Journal of Energy Resources Technology ◽

10.1115/1.4031674 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 138 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Manuel Dorsch ◽

Jens Neumann ◽

Christian Hasse

Keyword(s):

Phenomenological Model ◽

Combustion Engine ◽

Combustion Process ◽

Formation Mechanisms ◽

Emission Model ◽

Engine Operation ◽

Driving Cycles ◽

Hc Emissions ◽

Piston Crevice ◽

Engine Map

In this work, the application of a phenomenological model to determine engine-out hydrocarbon (HC) emissions in driving cycles is presented. The calculation is coupled to a physical-based simulation environment consisting of interacting submodels of engine, vehicle, and engine control. As a novelty, this virtual calibration methodology can be applied to optimize the energy conversion inside a spark-ignited (SI) internal combustion engine at transient operation. Using detailed information about the combustion process, the main origins and formation mechanisms of unburned HCs like piston crevice, oil layer, and wall quenching are considered in the prediction, as well as the in-cylinder postoxidation. Several parameterization approaches, especially, of the oil layer mechanism are discussed. After calibrating the emission model to a steady-state engine map, the transient results are validated successfully against measurements of various driving cycles based on different calibration strategies of engine operation.

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