Review of the impact of electric vehicles participating in frequency regulation on power grid

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guoxuan Xiao ◽  
Canbing Li ◽  
Zhicheng Yu ◽  
Yijia Cao ◽  
Baling Fang
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Optimal Pricing Strategy of Electric Vehicle Charging Station for Promoting Green Behavior Based on Time and Space Dimensions

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Xiaomin Xu ◽  
Dongxiao Niu ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Lijie Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Pricing Strategy ◽  
Optimal Pricing ◽  
Electricity Pricing ◽  
Optimal Pricing Strategy ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
The Impact

Considering that the charging behaviors of users of electric vehicles (EVs) (including charging time and charging location) are random and uncertain and that the disorderly charging of EVs brings new challenges to the power grid, this paper proposes an optimal electricity pricing strategy for EVs based on region division and time division. Firstly, by comparing the number of EVs and charging stations in different districts of a city, the demand ratio of charging stations per unit is calculated. Secondly, according to the demand price function and the principle of profit maximization, the charging price between different districts of a city is optimized to guide users to charge in districts with more abundant charging stations. Then, based on the results of the zonal pricing strategy, the time-of-use (TOU) pricing strategy in different districts is discussed. In the TOU pricing model, consumer satisfaction, the profit of power grid enterprises, and the load variance of the power grid are considered comprehensively. Taking the optimization of the comprehensive index as the objective function, the TOU pricing optimization model of EVs is constructed. Finally, the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is introduced to solve the above optimization problems. The specific data of EVs in a municipality directly under the Central Government are taken as examples for this analysis. The empirical results demonstrate that the peak-to-valley ratio of a certain day in the city is reduced from 56.8% to 43% by using the optimal pricing strategy, which further smooth the load curve and alleviates the impact of load fluctuation. To a certain extent, the problem caused by the uneven distribution of electric vehicles and charging stations has been optimized. An orderly and reasonable electricity pricing strategy can guide users to adjust charging habits, to ensure grid security, and to ensure the economic benefits of all parties.

scholarly journals Research on the impact of different charge and discharge modes of electric vehicles on power grid load

2020 ◽  
Vol 1549 ◽  
pp. 042147
Author(s):  
Wen Wen ◽  
Lifang Wang ◽  
Mengdi Zhu ◽  
Zhou Peng ◽  
Fangling Yao
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Grid Load ◽  
The Impact

Charging and Discharging Control Strategy of Electric Vehicles Based on V2G Mode

2014 ◽  
Vol 953-954 ◽  
pp. 1413-1417
Author(s):  
Li Juan Tan ◽  
Cai Hong Zhao ◽  
Mai Zhang ◽  
Li Liu ◽  
Han Yi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Control Strategy ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Electricity Pricing ◽  
Maximum Charge ◽  
Power Limits ◽  
Grid Load ◽  
Original Grid ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Mathematical Model

With the popularity of electric vehicles, the impact of charging power on the original grid load is increasingly prominent. Electric vehicles can realize the benign interaction with power grid through the V2G technology. The mathematical model is solved with genetic algorithm in this paper based on the objective function as the minimization of daily charging cost. Constraint conditions such as maximum charge and discharge power limits and state of charge are considered. By analyzing the charge and discharge control of single car and the influence of electric vehicles’ charge and discharge on power grid, it is concluded that charge and discharge control strategy proposed in this paper can optimize the operation of the power grid and realize win-win situation of the user and the power grid with the time-of-use electricity pricing mechanism.

scholarly journals Modeling Vehicles to Grid as a Source of Distributed Frequency Regulation in Isolated Grids with Significant RES Penetration

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neofytos Neofytou ◽  
Konstantinos Blazakis ◽  
Yiannis Katsigiannis ◽  
Georgios Stavrakakis
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
Battery Capacity ◽  
Regulation Services ◽  
Primary Frequency ◽  
The Impact

The rapid development of technology used in electric vehicles, and in particular their penetration in electricity networks, is a major challenge for the area of electric power systems. The utilization of battery capacity of the interconnected vehicles can bring significant benefits to the network via the Vehicle to Grid (V2G) operation. The V2G operation is a process that can provide primary frequency regulation services in the electric network by exploiting the total capacity of a fleet of electric vehicles. In this paper, the impact of the plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) in the primary frequency regulation is studied and the effects PHEVs cause in non-interconnected isolated power systems with significant renewable energy sources (RES) penetration. Also it is taken into consideration the requirements of users for charging their vehicles. The V2G operation can be performed either with fluctuations in charging power of vehicles, or by charging or discharging the battery. So an electric vehicle user can participate in V2G operation either during the loading of the vehicle to the charging station, or by connecting the vehicle in the charging station without any further demands to charge its battery. In this paper, the response of PHEVs with respect to the frequency fluctuations of the network is modeled and simulated. Additionally, by using the PowerWorld Simulator software, simulations of the isolated power system of Cyprus Island, including the current RES penetration are performed in order to demonstrate the effectiveness of V2G operation in its primary frequency regulation.

scholarly journals Analysis of the impact of electric vehicles on the power grid

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 00065 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leszek Kasprzyk ◽  
Robert Pietracho ◽  
Karol Bednarek
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Transmission Lines ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Electric Vehicle Charging ◽  
Voltage Drops ◽  
Charging Stations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Methods Of Control

The paper presents problems related to the impact of electric vehicles connected to the power grid on energy parameters. Basic methods of control in power grids were discussed and results of the simulation were presented with regards to the power distribution, voltage drops and losses in the transmission lines. The simulation was conducted based on the example of CIGRE 11, to which electric vehicle charging stations were connected in several selected points, with the possibility of energy release into the grid. The obtained results were compared for the simulation conducted in two variants – without the connected electric vehicles and with them. The obtained results were analyzed and commented upon.

scholarly journals Cluster Control for EVs Participating in Grid Frequency Regulation by Using Virtual Synchronous Machine with Optimized Parameters

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongqi Liu
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Optimization Model ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Synchronous Machine ◽  
State Of Charge ◽  
Frequency Regulation ◽  
Multi Objective ◽  
Battery State Of Charge ◽  
Virtual Synchronous Machine ◽  
Daily Travel

In this paper, a control method for electric vehicles (EVs) participating in grid Frequency regulation is proposed. Firstly, considering dispatching large-scale electric vehicles, the K-means clustering algorithm is applied to cluster EVs with different battery state of charge and with different average vehicle daily travel miles. Then, for each class of electric vehicle group, a multi-objective optimization model considering reducing power imbalance and feeding the driving power demand for electric vehicles is proposed. Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) algorithm is applied to solve the optimization model and obtain the best control parameters for “virtual synchronous machine”, which is functioned as the power controller between EVs and the power grid. At last, based on a Monte Carlo sampling, the simulation analysis of 50 EVs with the normal distribution of battery state of charge and average vehicle daily travel miles is carried out by using the proposed method. The results show that the proposed method can effectively classify the electric vehicles with different battery state of charge and different average vehicle daily travel miles. The parameters of the power converter controller for different classes of electric vehicles are optimized considering power grid frequency, their battery state of charge and their average daily travel miles, so as to maintain the balance of power grid frequency, and to meet the power needs of EV daily drive.

scholarly journals The Influence of Electric Vehicle Charging on Low Voltage Grids with Characteristics Typical for Germany

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Held ◽  
Alexandra Märtz ◽  
Dominik Krohn ◽  
Jonas Wirth ◽  
Martin Zimmerlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Flow ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Peak Load ◽  
Market Penetration ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Grid Topology ◽  
The Impact

The increasing number of electric vehicles poses new challenges to the power grid. Their charging process stresses the power system, as additional energy has to be supplied, especially during peak load periods. This additional load can result in critical network situations depending on various parameters. These impacts may vary based on market penetration, the energy demand, the plug-in time, the charging rate, and the grid topology and the associated operational equipment. Hence, the impact of electric vehicles (EVs) on the power grid was analysed for twelve typical German low voltage grids by applying power flow calculations. One main result was that thermal and voltage-related network overloads were highly dependent on market penetration and grid topology.

scholarly journals Research on voltage stability and control strategy of power system considering grid connected charging of electric vehicles

2021 ◽  
Vol 2121 (1) ◽  
pp. 012020
Author(s):  
Weidong Fang ◽  
Hao Lv ◽  
Yiting Jiang ◽  
Lingzhi Li
Keyword(s):  
Electric Vehicles ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Voltage Stability ◽  
Power Grid ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Charging Station ◽  
New Energy ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The development of new energy vehicles is an important measure to deal with the growing energy demand and climate change. Especially in recent years, with the support of national policies and the maturity of electric vehicles(EVs) related technologies, the number of EVs has increased explosively, and the situation is very good. However, it also means that a large number of charging loads will be connected to the power grid, which will put great pressure on the safe and stable operation of the power grid. Although there have been many studies on the impact of EVs integration into modern power grid, most of the EVs load models are based on probability function and lack accuracy. Therefore, starting with the actual operation data of EVs charging station, this paper studies the influence of a large number of EVs charging loads on the static voltage stability of power grid. It is found that the charging load of large-scale EVs is added to the power grid, which significantly reduces the stability of power grid voltage, especially at the place connected to the EVs load and far away from the balance node. In addition, when the charging station adopts the time-of-use(TOU) price strategy, it can effectively improve the voltage stability of the whole network.

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