The Generalized Laplacian Distance and Its Applications for Visual Matching

AbstractInaccurate egocentric distance and speed perception are two main explanations for the high accident rate associated with driving in foggy weather. The effect of foggy weather on speed has been well studied. However, its effect on egocentric distance perception is poorly understood. The paradigm for measuring perceived egocentric distance in previous studies was verbal estimation instead of a nonverbal paradigm. In the current research, a nonverbal paradigm, the visual matching task, was used. Our results from the nonverbal task revealed a robust foggy effect on egocentric distance. Observers overestimated the egocentric distance in foggy weather compared to in clear weather. The higher the concentration of fog, the more serious the overestimation. This effect of fog on egocentric distance was not limited to a certain distance range but was maintained in action space and vista space. Our findings confirm the foggy effect with a nonverbal paradigm and reveal that people may perceive egocentric distance more "accurately" in foggy weather than when it is measured with a verbal estimation task.

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Estimating Distances in Action Space in Augmented Reality

ACM Transactions on Applied Perception ◽

10.1145/3449067 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (2) ◽

pp. 1-16

Author(s):

Holly C. Gagnon ◽

Carlos Salas Rosales ◽

Ryan Mileris ◽

Jeanine K. Stefanucci ◽

Sarah H. Creem-Regehr ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Augmented Reality ◽

Real World ◽

Distance Measure ◽

Distance Perception ◽

Action Space ◽

Indoor Environments ◽

Verbal Reports ◽

Visual Matching ◽

Microsoft Hololens ◽

Real Person

Augmented reality ( AR ) is important for training complex tasks, such as navigation, assembly, and medical procedures. The effectiveness of such training may depend on accurate spatial localization of AR objects in the environment. This article presents two experiments that test egocentric distance perception in augmented reality within and at the boundaries of action space (up to 35 m) in comparison with distance perception in a matched real-world ( RW ) environment. Using the Microsoft HoloLens, in Experiment 1, participants in two different RW settings judged egocentric distances (ranging from 10 to 35 m) to an AR avatar or a real person using a visual matching measure. Distances to augmented targets were underestimated compared to real targets in the two indoor, RW contexts. Experiment 2 aimed to generalize the results to an absolute distance measure using verbal reports in one of the indoor environments. Similar to Experiment 1, distances to augmented targets were underestimated compared to real targets. We discuss these findings with respect to the importance of methodologies that directly compare performance in real and mediated environments, as well as the inherent differences present in mediated environments that are “matched” to the real world.

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Examination of Natural Tooth Color Distribution Using Visual and Instrumental Shade Selection Methods

Balkan Journal of Dental Medicine ◽

10.1515/bjdm-2016-0017 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 20 (2) ◽

pp. 104-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Dilek Nalbant ◽

Yeşim Göknur Babaç ◽

İrem Türkcan ◽

Kaan Yerliyurt ◽

Cihan Akçaboy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Visual Assessment ◽

Color Analysis ◽

Color Distribution ◽

Tooth Color ◽

Natural Right ◽

Value Differences ◽

Instrumental Color ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Visual Matching ◽

Shade Matching

Summary Aim: Although visual color determination is the most frequently applied method in dentistry, instrumental color analysis offers advantages like objectivity, measurability and rapidity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the natural teeth color in teeth without any restoration visually, and by using a computerized shade measuring and analyzing system in the population.Materials and Methods: 202 patients were inspected. Before instrumental shade matching visual matching was done by the inspector with Vitapan 3D Master Shade Guide in the day light. Images were taken with computerized shade measuring and analyzing system from patients’ natural right or left maxillary incisors and canines without any restoration. Then these images were evaluated by the original software of its own.Results: Value differences between visual and instrumental shade matching were statistically significant. Darker value levels were obtained with instrumental measurement. The distribution of hue was more reddish in instrumental examination than visual examination. Significant difference was found at cervical and middle third of the tooth in both visual and instrumental determination of chroma. Chroma of the tooth was higher at these two regions in visual assessment.Conclusions: Teeth colors were distributed more uniform in visual shade matching compared to instrumental matching. However, some teeth shades were more common in instrumental matching. Value scores were found higher with instrumental shade matching. Individual selection of shades for each tooth and different regions of a tooth instead of a single color is considered to be a factor to increase the success of the restoration.

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Effects of parietal lesions on visual matching: Implications for reading errors

Cognitive Neuropsychology ◽

10.1080/02643298508252868 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 253-264 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Frances J. Friedrich ◽

John A. Walker ◽

Michael I. Posner

Keyword(s):

Reading Errors ◽

Visual Matching

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An eigenvalue problem for generalized Laplacian in Orlicz—Sobolev spaces

Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh Section A Mathematics ◽

10.1017/s0308210500027505 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 129 (1) ◽

pp. 153-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Vesa Mustonen ◽

Matti Tienari

Keyword(s):

Weak Solution ◽

Continuous Function ◽

Eigenvalue Problem ◽

Bounded Domain ◽

Sobolev Spaces ◽

Minimization Problem ◽

Lagrange Equation ◽

Image Position ◽

Generalized Laplacian

Let m: [ 0, ∞) → [ 0, ∞) be an increasing continuous function with m(t) = 0 if and only if t = 0, m(t) → ∞ as t → ∞ and Ω C ℝN a bounded domain. In this note we show that for every r > 0 there exists a function ur solving the minimization problemwhere Moreover, the function ur is a weak solution to the corresponding Euler–Lagrange equationfor some λ > 0. We emphasize that no Δ2-condition is needed for M or M; so the associated functionals are not continuously differentiable, in general.

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The Efficacy of Computer-Provided Reading Treatment for Chronic Aphasic Adults

Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research ◽

10.1044/jslhr.4003.493 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 40 (3) ◽

pp. 493-507 ◽

Cited By ~ 152

Author(s):

Richard C. Katz ◽

Robert T. Wertz

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽

Language Performance ◽

Communicative Ability ◽

Visual Matching ◽

Language Measure ◽

Language Measures ◽

Reading Activities ◽

Language Content ◽

Stimulation Group

We examined the effects of computer-provided reading activities on language performance in chronic aphasic patients. Fifty-five aphasic adults were assigned randomly to one of three conditions: computer reading treatment, computer stimulation, or no treatment. Subjects in the computer groups used computers 3 hours each week for 26 weeks. Computer reading treatment software consisted of visual matching and reading comprehension tasks. Computer stimulation software consisted of nonverbal games and cognitive rehabilitation tasks. Language measures were administered to all subjects at entry and after 3 and 6 months. Significant improvement over the 26 weeks occurred on five language measures for the computer reading treatment group, on one language measure for the computer stimulation group, and on none of the language measures for the notreatment group. The computer reading treatment group displayed significantly more improvement on the Porch Index of Communicative Ability “Overall” and “Verbal” modality percentiles and on the Western Aphasia Battery Aphasia “Quotient” and “Repetition” subtest than the other two groups. The results suggest that (a) computerized reading treatment can be administered with minimal assistance from a clinician, (b) improvement on the computerized reading treatment tasks generalized to non-computer language performance, (c) improvement resulted from the language content of the software and not stimulation provided by a computer, and (d) the computerized reading treatment we provided to chronic aphasic patients was efficacious.

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Proprioception is subject-specific and improved without performance feedback

10.1101/850727 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Tianhe Wang ◽

Ziyan Zhu ◽

Inoue Kana ◽

Yuanzheng Yu ◽

Hao He ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Performance Feedback ◽

Motor Performance ◽

Good Accuracy ◽

Separate Experiment ◽

Matching Task ◽

Average Error ◽

Hand Position ◽

Neural Network Classifier ◽

Subject Specific ◽

Visual Matching

AbstractAccumulating evidence indicates that the human’s proprioception map appears subject-specific. However, whether the idiosyncratic pattern persists across time with good within-subject consistency has not been quantitatively examined. Here we measured the proprioception by a hand visual-matching task in multiple sessions over two days. We found that people improved their proprioception when tested repetitively without performance feedback. Importantly, despite the reduction of average error, the spatial pattern of proprioception errors remained idiosyncratic. Based on individuals’ proprioceptive performance, a standard convolutional neural network classifier could identify people with good accuracy. We also found that subjects’ baseline proprioceptive performance could not predict their motor performance in a visual trajectory-matching task even though both tasks require accurate mapping of hand position to visual targets in the same workspace. Using a separate experiment, we not only replicated these findings but also ruled out the possibility that performance feedback during a few familiarization trials caused the observed improvement in proprioception. We conclude that the conventional proprioception test itself, even without feedback, can improve proprioception but leave the idiosyncrasy of proprioception unchanged.

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Deep learning for pose-invariant face detection in unconstrained environment

International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) ◽

10.11591/ijece.v9i1.pp577-584 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 577

Author(s):

Shivkaran Ravidas ◽

M. A. Ansari

Keyword(s):

Neural Network ◽

Recent Past ◽

Probabilistic Measure ◽

Low Level ◽

Face Images ◽

Analysis Experiment ◽

Out Of Plane ◽

The Face ◽

In The Wild ◽

Visual Matching

<span lang="EN-US">In the recent past, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have seen resurgence and have performed extremely well on vision tasks. Visually the model resembles a series of layers each of which is processed by a function to form a next layer. It is argued that CNN first models the low level features such as edges and joints and then expresses higher level features as a composition of these low level features. The aim of this paper is to detect multi-view faces using deep convolutional neural network (DCNN). Implementation, detection and retrieval of faces will be obtained with the help of direct visual matching technology. Further, the probabilistic measure of the similarity of the face images will be done using Bayesian analysis. Experiment detects faces with ±90 degree out of plane rotations. Fine tuned AlexNet is used to detect pose invariant faces. For this work, we extracted examples of training from AFLW (Annotated Facial Landmarks in the Wild) dataset that involve 21K images with 24K annotations of the face.</span>

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Learning disabilities and the auditory and visual matching computer program

Support for Learning ◽

10.1111/j.1467-9604.2008.00374.x ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 23 (2) ◽

pp. 80-88 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

MINNA R. K. TÖRMÄNEN ◽

MARJATTA TAKALA ◽

NINA SAJANIEMI

Keyword(s):

Learning Disabilities ◽

Computer Program ◽

Visual Matching

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Seeing Gender: Perceptual Representations of Transgender Individuals

Social Psychological and Personality Science ◽

10.1177/1948550619875143 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 474-482

Author(s):

Kristina Howansky ◽

Analia Albuja ◽

Shana Cole

Keyword(s):

Matching Task ◽

Gender Typicality ◽

Perceptual Representations ◽

Visual Matching

In four studies, we explored perceptual representations of the gender-typicality of transgender individuals. In Studies 1a and 1b, participants ( N = 237) created an avatar based on an image of an individual who disclosed being transgender or did not. Avatars generated in the transgender condition were less gender-typical—that is, transmen were less masculine and transwomen were less feminine—than those created in the control condition. In Study 2 ( N = 368), using a unique visual matching task, participants represented a target labeled transgender as less gender-typical than the same target labeled cisgender. In Study 3 ( N = 228), perceptual representations of transwomen as less gender-typical led to lower acceptability of feminine behavior and less endorsement that the target should be categorized as female. We discuss how biased perceptual representations may contribute to the stigmatization and marginalization of transgender individuals.

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