A novel approach to integrating design into manufacturing and materials education through the fabrication of a scale model cannon

Cerebral cartography can be understood in a limited, static, neuroanatomical sense. Temporal information from electrical recordings contributes information on regional interactions adding a functional dimension. Selective tagging and imaging of molecules adds biochemical contributions. Cartographic detail can also be correlated with normal or abnormal psychological or behavioural data. Modern cerebral cartography is assimilating all these elements. Cartographers continue to collect ever more precise data in the hope that general principles of organization will emerge. However, even detailed cartographic data cannot generate knowledge without a multi-scale framework making it possible to relate individual observations and discoveries. We propose that, in the next quarter century, advances in cartography will result in progressively more accurate drafts of a data-led, multi-scale model of human brain structure and function. These blueprints will result from analysis of large volumes of neuroscientific and clinical data, by a process of reconstruction, modelling and simulation. This strategy will capitalize on remarkable recent developments in informatics and computer science and on the existence of much existing, addressable data and prior, though fragmented, knowledge. The models will instantiate principles that govern how the brain is organized at different levels and how different spatio-temporal scales relate to each other in an organ-centred context.

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Constructing paleoclimate networks from annually laminated lake sediments – the VARDA database

10.5194/egusphere-egu2020-9133 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Arne Ramisch ◽

Alexander Brauser ◽

Mario Dorn ◽

Cecile Blanchet ◽

Brian Brademann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Lake Sediments ◽

Large Scale ◽

Regional Climate ◽

Regional Climate Change ◽

Volcanic Eruptions ◽

Scale Model ◽

Graph Database ◽

Varve Thickness ◽

Novel Approach

Reconstructing global patterns of past climate change requires large-scale networks of paleoclimatic archives. Generating paleoclimatic networks relies on precise synchronization of individual records with robust age control. The detailed age constrains of continuous varved lake sediments and the good preservation of isochrones from supra-regional extreme events make these records ideal for constructing large scale continental paleoclimatic networks. Yet, a global synthesis of varved lake archives is missing.Here we present the VARved sediments DAtabase 1.0 (VARDA 1.0), the first global data compilation for varve chronologies and associated palaeoclimatic proxy records. VARDA 1.0 uses a connected data model provided by a state-of-the-art graph database, enabling custom generations of synchronized paleoclimatic networks. We report on compilation strategies for the identification of varved lakes and assimilation of high-resolution chronologies. Existing chronologies have been re-assessed and harmonized using a novel approach that infers information on sedimentation rates enclosed in varve thickness records. This information provides detailed information on the priors required for Bayesian age-depth modelling and strongly improves these results. Additionally, a synthesis of tephra layers from volcanic eruptions provides supra-regional isochrones for synchronizing even distant varved lake records. The current version (VARDA 1.0) comprises 261 datasets from 95 varved lake archives, including chronological information from 14C dating and varve thickness measurements, but also palaeoclimatological proxy data. We further explore potential applications of such networks in paleoclimatic studies, such as identifying leads and lags of regional climate change, large-scale model-data comparisons or differentiated proxy responses between archives. The VARDA graph-database and user interface can be accessed online at https://varve.gfz-potsdam.de.

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A novel approach to the automatic control of scale model airplanes

53rd IEEE Conference on Decision and Control ◽

10.1109/cdc.2014.7039480 ◽

2014 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Minh-Duc Hua ◽

Daniele Pucci ◽

Tarek Hamel ◽

Pascal Morin ◽

Claude Samson

Keyword(s):

Automatic Control ◽

Scale Model ◽

Novel Approach

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A Novel Approach to Improve Acid Diversion in Carbonate Rocks Using Thermochemical Fluids: Experimental and Numerical Study

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25132976 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (13) ◽

pp. 2976 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mustafa Ba Alawi ◽

Amjed Hassan ◽

Murtada Saleh Aljawad ◽

Muhammad Shahzad Kamal ◽

Mohamed Mahmoud ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Numerical Study ◽

Analytical Models ◽

Scale Model ◽

Low Permeability ◽

Minor Effect ◽

Critical Measure ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Effective Performance ◽

Acid Diversion ◽

Porosity And Permeability

The distribution of acid over all layers of interest is a critical measure of matrix acidizing efficiency. Chemical and mechanical techniques have been widely adapted for enhancing acid diversion. However, it was demonstrated that these often impact the formation with damage after the acid job is completed. This study introduces, for the first time, a novel solution to improve acid diversion using thermochemical fluids. This method involves generating nitrogen gas at the downhole condition, where the generated gas will contribute in diverting the injected acids into low-permeability formations. In this work, both lab-scale numerical and field-scale analytical models were developed to evaluate the performance of the proposed technique. In addition, experimental measurements were carried out in order to demonstrate the application of thermochemical in improving the acid diversion. The results showed that a thermochemical approach has an effective performance in diverting the injected acids into low-permeability rocks. After treatment, continuous wormholes were generated in the high-permeability rocks as well as in low-permeability rocks. The lab-scale model was able to replicate the wormholing impact observed in the lab. In addition, alternating injection of thermochemical and acid fluids reduced the acid volume 3.6 times compared to the single stage of thermochemical injection. Finally, sensitivity analysis indicates that the formation porosity and permeability have major impacts on the acidizing treatment, while the formations pressures have minor effect on the diversion performance.

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JOINT ESTIMATION OF ROAD ROUGHNESS FROM CROWD-SOURCED BICYCLE ACCELERATION MEASUREMENTS

ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences ◽

10.5194/isprs-annals-v-4-2021-89-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol V-4-2021 ◽

pp. 89-96

Author(s):

O. Wage ◽

M. Sester

Keyword(s):

Surface Roughness ◽

Joint Estimation ◽

Scale Model ◽

Traffic Lights ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Shortest Route ◽

Road Roughness ◽

Basic Scale ◽

Least Squares Adjustment ◽

Vertical Accelerations

Abstract. In contrast to cars, route choices for cycling are barely influenced by the respective traffic situation, but to a large extent by the routes’ comfort. Especially in urban settings with several alternatives, segments with many or long stops at traffic lights and badly maintained roads are avoided due to a low comfort and cyclists vary from the shortest route. This fact is only indirectly considered in common navigation applications.This work aims to integrate surface roughness measurements collected from diverse bicycles to a joint scale via a least-squares adjustment. Data was collected using smartphones, which were mounted to bike hand bars and measured positions and vertical accelerations on user’s trips. As this way sensed roughness also depends on the bike setting and type, the resulting values would be different for different users. Thus, this paper presents a novel approach to harmonize observations from differing sensitive setups. The basic concept idea of bundle block adjustment is adapted to calibrate a basic scale model and in parallel adjust the observations of surface roughness to a common scale.This way a crowd-sourced roughness map can be generated. Such a map can be used to enrich bike focused routing services and thus encourage cycling in daily live. In addition, it can also be used to derive hints for infrastructure servicing.

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Experience-Specific Dimensions of Consciousness (Observable in Flexible and Spontaneous Action Planning Among Animals)

Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnsys.2021.741579 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

Author(s):

Angelica Kaufmann

Keyword(s):

Action Planning ◽

Neural Correlates ◽

Neural Mechanisms ◽

Scale Model ◽

Critical Question ◽

Animal Consciousness ◽

Temporal Properties ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Sliding Scale ◽

Spontaneous Action

The multidimensional framework to the study of consciousness, which comes as an alternative to a single sliding scale model, offers a set of experimental paradigms for investigating dimensions of animal consciousness, acknowledging the compelling urge for a novel approach. One of these dimensions investigates whether non-human animals can flexibly and spontaneously plan for a future event, and for future desires, without relying on reinforcement learning. This is a critical question since different intentional structures for action in non-human animals are described as served by different neural mechanisms underpinning the capacity to represent temporal properties. And a lack of appreciation of this variety of intentional structures and neural correlates has led many experts to doubt that animals have access to temporal reasoning and to not recognize temporality as a mark of consciousness, and as a psychological resource for their life. With respect to this, there is a significant body of ethological evidence for planning abilities in non-human animals, too often overlooked, and that instead should be taken into serious account. This could contribute to assigning consciousness profiles, across and within species, that should be tailored according to an implemented and expansive use of the multidimensional framework. This cannot be fully operational in the absence of an additional tag to its dimensions of variations: the experience-specificity of consciousness.

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Copper-dependent ATP7B up-regulation drives the resistance of TMEM16A-overexpressing head-and-neck cancer models to platinum toxicity

Biochemical Journal ◽

10.1042/bcj20190591 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 476 (24) ◽

pp. 3705-3719 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Avani Vyas ◽

Umamaheswar Duvvuri ◽

Kirill Kiselyov

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Head And Neck ◽

Transcriptional Activation ◽

Platinum Resistance ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Strong Positive Correlation ◽

Platinum Compounds ◽

Copper Chelation ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Cancer Models

Platinum-containing drugs such as cisplatin and carboplatin are routinely used for the treatment of many solid tumors including squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN). However, SCCHN resistance to platinum compounds is well documented. The resistance to platinum has been linked to the activity of divalent transporter ATP7B, which pumps platinum from the cytoplasm into lysosomes, decreasing its concentration in the cytoplasm. Several cancer models show increased expression of ATP7B; however, the reason for such an increase is not known. Here we show a strong positive correlation between mRNA levels of TMEM16A and ATP7B in human SCCHN tumors. TMEM16A overexpression and depletion in SCCHN cell lines caused parallel changes in the ATP7B mRNA levels. The ATP7B increase in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells was reversed by suppression of NADPH oxidase 2 (NOX2), by the antioxidant N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC) and by copper chelation using cuprizone and bathocuproine sulphonate (BCS). Pretreatment with either chelator significantly increased cisplatin's sensitivity, particularly in the context of TMEM16A overexpression. We propose that increased oxidative stress in TMEM16A-overexpressing cells liberates the chelated copper in the cytoplasm, leading to the transcriptional activation of ATP7B expression. This, in turn, decreases the efficacy of platinum compounds by promoting their vesicular sequestration. We think that such a new explanation of the mechanism of SCCHN tumors’ platinum resistance identifies novel approach to treating these tumors.

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Collecting Words: A Clinical Example of a Morphology-Focused Orthographic Intervention

Language Speech and Hearing Services in Schools ◽

10.1044/2020_lshss-19-00050 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 51 (3) ◽

pp. 544-560 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kimberly A. Murphy ◽

Emily A. Diehm

Keyword(s):

Written Language ◽

Morphological Knowledge ◽

English Orthography ◽

Word Level ◽

Novel Approach ◽

Language Pathology ◽

The One ◽

Critical Intervention ◽

Reading And Spelling ◽

Reading And Spelling Difficulties

Purpose Morphological interventions promote gains in morphological knowledge and in other oral and written language skills (e.g., phonological awareness, vocabulary, reading, and spelling), yet we have a limited understanding of critical intervention features. In this clinical focus article, we describe a relatively novel approach to teaching morphology that considers its role as the key organizing principle of English orthography. We also present a clinical example of such an intervention delivered during a summer camp at a university speech and hearing clinic. Method Graduate speech-language pathology students provided a 6-week morphology-focused orthographic intervention to children in first through fourth grade ( n = 10) who demonstrated word-level reading and spelling difficulties. The intervention focused children's attention on morphological families, teaching how morphology is interrelated with phonology and etymology in English orthography. Results Comparing pre- and posttest scores, children demonstrated improvement in reading and/or spelling abilities, with the largest gains observed in spelling affixes within polymorphemic words. Children and their caregivers reacted positively to the intervention. Therefore, data from the camp offer preliminary support for teaching morphology within the context of written words, and the intervention appears to be a feasible approach for simultaneously increasing morphological knowledge, reading, and spelling. Conclusion Children with word-level reading and spelling difficulties may benefit from a morphology-focused orthographic intervention, such as the one described here. Research on the approach is warranted, and clinicians are encouraged to explore its possible effectiveness in their practice. Supplemental Material https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.12290687

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