A Supplemental Zero-Energy Downlink Air-Interface Enabling 40-Year Battery Life in IoT Devices

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanbir Haque ◽  
Hussain Elkotby ◽  
Patrick Cabrol ◽  
Ravikumar Pragada ◽  
Douglas Castor
Keyword(s):  
Battery Life ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Iot Devices

scholarly journals Spectrum Based Power Management for Congested IoT Networks

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 2681
Author(s):  
Kedir Mamo Besher ◽  
Juan Ivan Nieto-Hipolito ◽  
Raymundo Buenrostro-Mariscal ◽  
Mohammed Zamshed Ali
Keyword(s):  
Power Management ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Channel Allocation ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Packet Routing ◽  
Data Packets ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Set Up

With constantly increasing demand in connected society Internet of Things (IoT) network is frequently becoming congested. IoT sensor devices lose more power while transmitting data through congested IoT networks. Currently, in most scenarios, the distributed IoT devices in use have no effective spectrum based power management, and have no guarantee of a long term battery life while transmitting data through congested IoT networks. This puts user information at risk, which could lead to loss of important information in communication. In this paper, we studied the extra power consumed due to retransmission of IoT data packet and bad communication channel management in a congested IoT network. We propose a spectrum based power management solution that scans channel conditions when needed and utilizes the lowest congested channel for IoT packet routing. It also effectively measured power consumed in idle, connected, paging and synchronization status of a standard IoT device in a congested IoT network. In our proposed solution, a Freescale Freedom Development Board (FREDEVPLA) is used for managing channel related parameters. While supervising the congestion level and coordinating channel allocation at the FREDEVPLA level, our system configures MAC and Physical layer of IoT devices such that it provides the outstanding power utilization based on the operating network in connected mode compared to the basic IoT standard. A model has been set up and tested using freescale launchpads. Test data show that battery life of IoT devices using proposed spectrum based power management increases by at least 30% more than non-spectrum based power management methods embedded within IoT devices itself. Finally, we compared our results with the basic IoT standard, IEEE802.15.4. Furthermore, the proposed system saves lot of memory for IoT devices, improves overall IoT network performance, and above all, decrease the risk of losing data packets in communication. The detail analysis in this paper also opens up multiple avenues for further research in future use of channel scanning by FREDEVPLA board.

scholarly journals Rural Healthcare IoT Architecture Based on Low-Energy LoRa

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (14) ◽  
pp. 7660
Author(s):  
Ace Dimitrievski ◽  
Sonja Filiposka ◽  
Francisco José Melero ◽  
Eftim Zdravevski ◽  
Petre Lameski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Ultra Low Power ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Doctor Patient Communication ◽  
Connected Health ◽  
Iot Devices

Connected health is expected to introduce an improvement in providing healthcare and doctor-patient communication while at the same time reducing cost. Connected health would introduce an even more significant gap between healthcare quality for urban areas with physical proximity and better communication to providers and the portion of rural areas with numerous connectivity issues. We identify these challenges using user scenarios and propose LoRa based architecture for addressing these challenges. We focus on the energy management of battery-powered, affordable IoT devices for long-term operation, providing important information about the care receivers’ well-being. Using an external ultra-low-power timer, we extended the battery life in the order of tens of times, compared to relying on low power modes of the microcontroller.

scholarly journals Practical Cross-Layer Radio Frequency-Based Authentication Scheme for Internet of Things

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
pp. 4034
Author(s):  
Arie Haenel ◽  
Yoram Haddad ◽  
Maryline Laurent ◽  
Zonghua Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Radio Frequency ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Computation Time ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Cross Layer ◽  
Security Level ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Iot Devices

The Internet of Things world is in need of practical solutions for its security. Existing security mechanisms for IoT are mostly not implemented due to complexity, budget, and energy-saving issues. This is especially true for IoT devices that are battery powered, and they should be cost effective to be deployed extensively in the field. In this work, we propose a new cross-layer approach combining existing authentication protocols and existing Physical Layer Radio Frequency Fingerprinting technologies to provide hybrid authentication mechanisms that are practically proved efficient in the field. Even though several Radio Frequency Fingerprinting methods have been proposed so far, as a support for multi-factor authentication or even on their own, practical solutions are still a challenge. The accuracy results achieved with even the best systems using expensive equipment are still not sufficient on real-life systems. Our approach proposes a hybrid protocol that can save energy and computation time on the IoT devices side, proportionally to the accuracy of the Radio Frequency Fingerprinting used, which has a measurable benefit while keeping an acceptable security level. We implemented a full system operating in real time and achieved an accuracy of 99.8% for the additional cost of energy, leading to a decrease of only ~20% in battery life.

Extending Battery Life for Wi-Fi-Based IoT Devices: Modeling, Strategies, and Algorithm

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shyam Krishnan Venkateswaran ◽  
Ching-Lun Tai ◽  
Yoav Ben-Yehezkel ◽  
Yaron Alpert ◽  
Raghupathy Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Battery Life ◽  
Iot Devices

Communication Trends in Internet of Things

2018 ◽  
pp. 284-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bharathi N. Gopalsamy
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Communication Technologies ◽  
Good Choice ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Power Requirement ◽  
Storage Security ◽  
Central Hypothesis ◽  
Iot Devices

The central hypothesis of Internet of Things is the term “connectivity”. The IoT devices are connected to the Internet through a wide variety of communication technologies. This chapter explains the various technologies involved in IoT connectivity. The diversity in communication raises the query of which one to choose for the proposed application. The key objective of the application needs to be defined very clearly. The application features such as the power requirement, data size, storage, security and battery life highly influence the decision of selecting one or more communication technology. Near Field Communication is a good choice for short-range communication, whereas Wi-Fi can be opted for a larger range of coverage. Though Bluetooth is required for higher data rate, it is power hungry, but ZigBee is suitable for low power devices. There involves always the tradeoff between the technologies and the requirements. This chapter emphasizes that the goal of the application required to be more precise to decide the winner of the IoT connectivity technology that suits for it.

scholarly journals Spectrum Management Schemes for Internet of Remote Things (IoRT) Devices in 5G Networks via GEO Satellite

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbolahan Aiyetoro ◽  
Pius Owolawi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Dynamic Scheduling ◽  
Spectrum Management ◽  
Satellite Networks ◽  
Network Access ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Iot Devices

The rapid growth of not just mobile devices but also Internet of Things (IoT) devices has introduced a new paradigm in mobile networks. This evolution and the continuous need to provide spectrum efficient, high data rates, low latency, and low energy consumption radio access networks have led to the emergence of fifth generation (5G) networks. Due to technical and economical limitations, the satellite air interface is expected to complement the 5G terrestrial air interface in the provision of 5G services including IoT communications. More importantly, it is on this premise that the 5G satellite air interface is expected to provide network access to IoT devices in rural and remote areas termed Internet of Remote Things (IoRT). While this remains an interesting solution, several radio resource management issues exist. One of them, spectrum management, in the 5G satellite as it affects IoRT communications, remains unclear. Hence, the aim of this paper is to investigate and recommend the spectrum management scheme that will be most suitable not only for Human-to-Human communications but also Machine-to-Machine communications in 5G satellite networks. In order to conduct this investigation, a new dynamic scheduling scheme that will be suitable for such a scenario is proposed in this paper. The investigation is conducted through simulations, using throughput, delay, spectral efficiency, and fairness index as the performance metrics.

Green IoT and NBIoT

2021 ◽  
pp. 273-300
Author(s):  
Pallavi Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Modern Society ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Energy Demands ◽  
Data Rates ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Real Time Information ◽  
Time Information

This chapter illustrates that there are many challenging problems in the modern society such as environment pollution, radiation pollution, high demand, and low supply of energy. Such issues need modern solutions to tackle them. In this context, green internet of things (IoT) solutions have come up with flying colors. As there is a constant need of the energy by the interconnected IoT devices to perceive, fetch, and transmit the real-time information, the energy demands remain high. Green IoT is an emerging concept to meet this problem by framing the energy-efficient policies so as to provide a simpler yet better solution to enhance the quality of the current practices. In this chapter, different practical aspects of green IoT and narrowband IoT (NBIoT) deployment have been presented. NBIoT narrowband signals are used in low data rates are transmitted and have a widerange of reception because narrow filters cancel out unwanted wideband noise. NBIoT has several advantages over LTE-M due to lower device cost, longer battery life and extended coverage. Finally, some future research directions have been addressed.

scholarly journals Decentralized spectrum learning for radio collision mitigation in ultra-dense IoT networks: LoRaWAN case study and experiments

2020 ◽  
Vol 75 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 711-727
Author(s):  
Christophe Moy ◽  
Lilian Besson ◽  
Guillaume Delbarre ◽  
Laurent Toutain
Keyword(s):  
Learning Algorithms ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Software Radio ◽  
Battery Life ◽  
Radio Signals ◽  
Massive Number ◽  
Collision Mitigation ◽  
Unlicensed Bands ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Network Capability

AbstractThis paper describes the theoretical principles and experimental results of reinforcement learning algorithms embedded into IoT devices (Internet of Things), in order to tackle the problem of radio collision mitigation in ISM unlicensed bands. Multi-armed bandit (MAB) learning algorithms are used here to improve both the IoT network capability to support the expected massive number of objects and the energetic autonomy of the IoT devices. We first illustrate the efficiency of the proposed approach in a proof-of-concept, based on USRP software radio platforms operating on real radio signals. It shows how collisions with other RF signals are diminished for IoT devices that use MAB learning. Then we describe the first implementation of such algorithms on LoRa devices operating in a real LoRaWAN network at 868 MHz. We named this solution IoTligent. IoTligent does not add neither processing overhead, so it can be run into the IoT devices, nor network overhead, so that it requires no change to LoRaWAN protocol. Real-life experiments done in a real LoRa network show that IoTligent devices’ battery life can be extended by a factor of 2, in the scenarios we faced during our experiment. Finally we submit IoTligent devices to very constrained conditions that are expected in the future with the growing number of IoT devices, by generating an artificial IoT massive radio traffic in anechoic chamber. We show that IoTligent devices can cope with spectrum scarcity that will occur at that time in unlicensed bands.

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