Telematics and Mobile Internet

Telematics technologies and vehicular communications enable various intelligent transportation system applications with different data flow requirements that must be considered by the communications infrastructure provider in terms of transmission reliability, latency, jitter, and security. To meet those requirements, the dynamic nature of traffic and spatiotemporal features of roads must be considered. In parallel with the full coverage in urban areas and increase in the data rates, mobile networks have been started to be widely used by intelligent transportation system applications, especially for gathering data from various sensors. In this chapter, firstly, the current situation of telematics applications for intelligent transportation system is focused on and then mobile internet and mobile internet based applications are reviewed. Second, how much benefit vehicle telematics and mobile internet applications can obtain from the evolution of mobile networks is analysed. Finally, future research directions in this domain are pointed out.

Smart Vacuum Cleaner

In this chapter, the aim is to provide the design of an automatic vacuum cleaner that will help to make household work convenient and much easier. This vacuum cleaner operates in both autonomous and manual mode, along with additional features such as time scheduling and dirt container with auto-dirt disposal mechanism. They are seen as more convenient to use because they can suck dust on their own. This work can be very useful in improving lifestyle of modern humans. The purpose of this project is to design automatic vacuum cleaners using digital image processing with the help of OpenCv technique. Vacuum cleaner robot is designed to make cleaning process much easier rather than by using manual vacuum.

Narrowband IoT for Internet of Everything

Narrowband internet of things (NBIoT) is a leaner and thinner version of the IoT which needs much less resources than the other forms of the IoTs. Therefore, it is considered as a low power wide area network (LPWAN) technology. It can connect with a large number of devices with a very small amount of power and bandwidth. It has potential to connect almost all the considerable objects with the internet. Thus, it is a very powerful technology to establish internet of everything (IoE), a framework consisting of data, processes, sensing, and follow up actions for an intelligent environment. In this chapter, the authors present the IoE friendly architecture of NBIoT, its LPWAN features, principles, and its common applications in different sectors to show its versatility toward IoE. They show the layered architecture of a typical NBIoT and the main protocols used in the narrowband scenarios. They show the general applications of NBIoT for IoE and how it can provide services with limited bandwidth and power. With all these wonderful features, NBIoT is certainly an attractive technology for IoE which can provide the accelerated innovation opportunities.

Search and Rescue System Based on NB-IoT Wearable Device

This chapter presents the design and development of a search and rescue (SAR) system, for the location and provision of aid to people who are missing or in imminent danger, especially those belonging to population groups with a particularly high probability of getting lost. With the use of low-power wide area network (LPWAN) technology, such as narrow band internet of things (NB-IoΤ), the authors are able to provide search and rescue solutions for individuals, especially those belonging to groups of people who are more likely to get lost. The central part of the system is a modular “wearable (portable)” device, while in the framework of the implementation of this system, the authors have seriously taken into consideration the aspects of energy efficiency in order to provide better battery life.

NB-IoT for Localization and Target Detection

Narrowband internet of things (NB-IoT) is a low power wide area network technology with numerous benefits over conventional technologies. The main advantages of NB-IoT are low-power, low-cost, long battery life, wider deployment, and many more. Along with these advantages, knowledge of the location of the devices for both the indoor and outdoor environments will have an added benefit for NB-IoT applications. The current global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) chipsets will drain the limited available battery and will not be useful for localization in NB-IoT applications while the global positioning system (GPS) applications accuracy is not enough to support NB-IoT applications. For NB-IoT implementation, having low per-unit cost of the devices is an important aspect along with other features mentioned earlier, and hence there is a need to have limited hardware components like processor, battery, and memory. Therefore, the main challenge for enabling a positioning system lies in the proper radio management and balancing of power consumption against the performance of the system. In this chapter, different localization methods, techniques, and metrics are discussed. The choice of each one of these depends on the application requirement. The standardization of NB-IoT is in the process and its current status as per the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) specifications are also highlighted.

Green IoT and NBIoT

This chapter illustrates that there are many challenging problems in the modern society such as environment pollution, radiation pollution, high demand, and low supply of energy. Such issues need modern solutions to tackle them. In this context, green internet of things (IoT) solutions have come up with flying colors. As there is a constant need of the energy by the interconnected IoT devices to perceive, fetch, and transmit the real-time information, the energy demands remain high. Green IoT is an emerging concept to meet this problem by framing the energy-efficient policies so as to provide a simpler yet better solution to enhance the quality of the current practices. In this chapter, different practical aspects of green IoT and narrowband IoT (NBIoT) deployment have been presented. NBIoT narrowband signals are used in low data rates are transmitted and have a widerange of reception because narrow filters cancel out unwanted wideband noise. NBIoT has several advantages over LTE-M due to lower device cost, longer battery life and extended coverage. Finally, some future research directions have been addressed.

Fundamental Principles of IoT

Internet of things (IoT) is the extension network of the Internet. Internet-enabled objects have the ability to sense and communicate with other objects or humans. Enormous components are used to build the IoT network. IoT begins with the connectivity since IoT is extensively diverse. It is certainly obscure to find a single size fits to all the types of communication. Various solutions have their strengths and weaknesses in different network criteria to best suit different IoT applications. IoT is available in various forms. One of the different types of IoT available for deployment is narrowband IoT (NB-IoT). NB-IoT is famous due to its attractive features of low power wide area (LPWA). Though the challenges such as security, latency, interoperability, policymaking, and resiliency exist for all types of IoT network, it can be improved with careful architectural design. In this chapter, the authors highlight the fundamentals involved in building the network of internet-enabled devices. It describes types of IoT networks, different computing mechanisms in IoT, basic architecture underlying the development, applications in the expansive domain, and finally, the insight of the challenges in IoT.

NB-IoT for 5G

It is expected that internet of things (IoT) will deal with the major activities in the connected living environment as well as the industrial processes. All these aspects are going to be real in the frameworks of the fifth-generation (5G) mobile networks. 5G-based narrowband IoT (NB-IoT) networks have the capability to serve various innovative IoT applications at a great extent. NB-IoT is third generation partnership project (3GPP) standardized low power wide area (LPWA) technology which is designed for IoT devices requiring long battery life, low cost, worldwide coverage, and high system capacity. To improve the performance, 3GPP has agreed that the NB-IoT will continue evolving as part of the 5G specifications. NB-IoT along with 5G will work in several connected living applications. This combination will also be very useful in the industrial environments which need high data rates and low latency. All these features will be supported by 5G in the future. Similarly, applications with low data rates in the IoT world will be supported by NB-IoT. So 5G and NB-IoT are going to be a popular combination for several new applications.

NB-IoT for Healthcare

The quality of the healthcare system is a significant contributor to a nation's economy. Technological developments in the internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, and wireless body area networks (WBAN) and their interaction have given a boost to healthcare as an application domain which seems to be very promising to improve the quality of health care. Long-range and ubiquitous deployment needs of healthcare can be very well handled by narrow band IoT (NB-IoT). NB-IoT has the potential to reduce power and bandwidth requirements. NB-IoT is a low power wide area (LPWA) version of IoT which has the potential to cater to remote healthcare needs. NB-IoT is preferred over other networks due to cost efficiency, longevity, security, and mature, wide-reaching networks. However, security is an unavoidable threat in any IoT network, so as in NB-IoT. In this chapter, the authors discuss the performance of NB-IoT for healthcare applications, the issues and challenges faced, and some of the solutions to countermeasure these problems.

Principles and Applications of Narrowband IoT

The internet of things (IoT) brings ‘life' to non-living things. In the IoT frameworks, the devices become smarter, more intelligent, become able to make decisions, and can communicate with other entities, applications, as well as human beings. According to a Gartner report, by 2020 more than 25 billion devices will be connected to the internet. Low power wireless wide area network (LPWAN) is a group of various low power, wide-area technologies such as LoRa, Sigfox, NB-IoT, DASH7, RPMA, LTE-M, designed to interconnect low bandwidth, battery-operated devices having limited processing power, limited memory, transmission speed with low bit rates at long-range using radio communication technologies. Most of these technologies provide a long battery life, low deployment cost, large capacity, and generates deeper insights of businesses. However, each technology differs in latency, data rate, handover mechanisms, quality of services, applications, and use cases. In this chapter, the authors provide the basic principles of these LPWANs and present their applications in different domains.