scholarly journals Spectrum Management Schemes for Internet of Remote Things (IoRT) Devices in 5G Networks via GEO Satellite

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gbolahan Aiyetoro ◽  
Pius Owolawi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Dynamic Scheduling ◽  
Spectrum Management ◽  
Satellite Networks ◽  
Network Access ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Air Interface ◽  
Iot Devices

The rapid growth of not just mobile devices but also Internet of Things (IoT) devices has introduced a new paradigm in mobile networks. This evolution and the continuous need to provide spectrum efficient, high data rates, low latency, and low energy consumption radio access networks have led to the emergence of fifth generation (5G) networks. Due to technical and economical limitations, the satellite air interface is expected to complement the 5G terrestrial air interface in the provision of 5G services including IoT communications. More importantly, it is on this premise that the 5G satellite air interface is expected to provide network access to IoT devices in rural and remote areas termed Internet of Remote Things (IoRT). While this remains an interesting solution, several radio resource management issues exist. One of them, spectrum management, in the 5G satellite as it affects IoRT communications, remains unclear. Hence, the aim of this paper is to investigate and recommend the spectrum management scheme that will be most suitable not only for Human-to-Human communications but also Machine-to-Machine communications in 5G satellite networks. In order to conduct this investigation, a new dynamic scheduling scheme that will be suitable for such a scenario is proposed in this paper. The investigation is conducted through simulations, using throughput, delay, spectral efficiency, and fairness index as the performance metrics.

scholarly journals Quarantining Malicious IoT Devices in Intelligent Sliced Mobile Networks

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (18) ◽  
pp. 5054
Author(s):  
David Candal-Ventureira ◽  
Pablo Fondo-Ferreiro ◽  
Felipe Gil-Castiñeira ◽  
Francisco Javier González-Castaño
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Denial Of Service ◽  
Distributed Denial Of Service ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Secondary Network ◽  
Attack Surface ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
3Rd Generation Partnership Project ◽  
The Internet Of Things

The unstoppable adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) is driven by the deployment of new services that require continuous capture of information from huge populations of sensors, or actuating over a myriad of “smart” objects. Accordingly, next generation networks are being designed to support such massive numbers of devices and connections. For example, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is designing the different 5G releases specifically with IoT in mind. Nevertheless, from a security perspective this scenario is a potential nightmare: the attack surface becomes wider and many IoT nodes do not have enough resources to support advanced security protocols. In fact, security is rarely a priority in their design. Thus, including network-level mechanisms for preventing attacks from malware-infected IoT devices is mandatory to avert further damage. In this paper, we propose a novel Software-Defined Networking (SDN)-based architecture to identify suspicious nodes in 4G or 5G networks and redirect their traffic to a secondary network slice where traffic is analyzed in depth before allowing it reaching its destination. The architecture can be easily integrated in any existing deployment due to its interoperability. By following this approach, we can detect potential threats at an early stage and limit the damage by Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks originated in IoT devices.

scholarly journals Understanding of RF Cloud Interference Measurement and Modeling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaveh Pahlavan
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Spectrum Management ◽  
Wireless Devices ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Wireless Technologies ◽  
Monitoring And Forecasting ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Rf Signal ◽  
The Universe

AbstractImportance of spectrum regulation and management was first revealed on May of 1985 after the release of unlicensed ISM bands resulting in emergence of Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and many other wireless technologies that has affected our daily lives by enabling the emergence of the smart world and IoT era. Today, the idea of a liberated spectrum is circulating around, which can potentially direct wireless networking industry into another revolution by enabling a new paradigm in intelligent spectrum regulation and management. The RF signal radiated from IoT devices as well as other wireless technologies create an RF cloud causing co- and cross-interference to each other. Lack of a science and technology for understanding, measurement, and modeling of the RF cloud interference in near real-time results in inefficient utilization of the precious spectrum, a unique natural resource shared among all wireless devices of the universe in frequency, time, and space. Near real time forecasting of the RF cloud interference is essential to pursue the path to the optimal utilization of spectrum and a liberated spectrum management. This paper presents a historical perspective on the evolution of spectrum regulation and management, explains the diversified meanings of interference for different sectors of the wireless industry, and presents a path for implementing a theoretical foundation for interference monitoring and forecasting to enable the emergence of a liberated spectrum industry and a new paradigm in spectrum management and regulations.

scholarly journals Random-Access Accelerator (RAA): A Framework to Speed Up the Random-Access Procedure in 5G New Radio for IoT mMTC by Enabling Device-To-Device Communications

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 5485
Author(s):  
Abel Rodriguez Medel ◽  
Jose Marcos C. Brito
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Random Access ◽  
Network Access ◽  
D2d Communications ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
New Radio ◽  
Device To Device ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
Gain Access

Mobile networks have a great challenge by serving the expected billions of Internet of Things (IoT) devices in the upcoming years. Due to the limited simultaneous access in the mobile networks, the devices should compete between each other for resource allocation during a Random-Access procedure. This contention provokes a non-depreciable delay during the device’s registration because of the great number of collisions experienced. To overcome such a problem, a framework called Random-Access Accelerator (RAA) is proposed in this work, in order to speed up network access in massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC). RAA exploits Device-To-Device (D2D) communications, where devices with already assigned resources act like relays for the rest of devices trying to gain access in the network. The simulation results show an acceleration in the registration procedure of 99%, and a freed space of the allocated spectrum until 74% in comparison with the conventional Random-Access procedure. Besides, it preserves the same device’s energy consumption compared with legacy networks by using a custom version of Bluetooth as a wireless technology for D2D communications. The proposed framework can be taken into account for the standardization of mMTC in Fifth-Generation-New Radio (5G NR).

scholarly journals Slice Allocation Management Model in 5G Networks for IoT Services with Reliable Low Latency

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Dighriri ◽  
Abayomi Otebolaku ◽  
Ali Alfoudi ◽  
Gyu Myoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Mobile Technologies ◽  
Low Latency ◽  
Data Traffic ◽  
Vehicular Communication ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Iot Devices ◽  
5G Mobile Networks

Network slicing is a promising technology for 5G networks in which operators can sell customized services to different tenants at various prices and Quality of Services (QoS) demands. Thus, the latest 4th Generation (4G) and upcoming 5th Generation (5G) mobile technologies are expected to offer massive connectivity and management of high volume of data traffic in the presence of immense interferences from mobile networks of IoT devices. Further, it will face challenges of congestion and overload of data traffic due to the humongous number of IoT devices. Nevertheless, these devices are likely to demand high throughput, low latency, and high level of reliability especially for critical real-time applications such as in Vehicular Communication System (VCS). To address these issues in 5G mobile networks, this paper proposes a Slice Allocation Management (SAM) Model based on the critical services of smart systems such as VCS to satisfy QoS demands. The proposed model aims at providing dedicated slices on the basis of service requirements such as expected throughput and latency for VCS. To ensure such performance and provide data traffic priorities of IoT devices in the uplink of Relay Nodes (RNs) cells in the 5G mobile networks, we have sliced the Radio Access Networks (RAN), along with the assignment of the nearest Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) with isolated slices based on the priorities for each IoT nodes to reduce latency level. The proposed model was simulated and validated using the OPNET simulator. The results obtained demonstrate that SAM Model is able to achieve improvement of end to end delays and uplink throughputs of the networks in high-density networks of IoT devices.

scholarly journals Next Generation of SDN in Cloud-Fog for 5G and Beyond-Enabled Applications: Opportunities and Challenges

Network ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-49
Author(s):  
Ehsan Ahvar ◽  
Shohreh Ahvar ◽  
Syed Mohsan Raza ◽  
Jose Manuel Sanchez Vilchez ◽  
Gyu Myoung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Data Sharing ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
The Other ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Hybrid Cloud ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Delay Constraints ◽  
Mission Critical ◽  
Iot Devices

In recent years, the number of objects connected to the internet have significantly increased. Increasing the number of connected devices to the internet is transforming today’s Internet of Things (IoT) into massive IoT of the future. It is predicted that, in a few years, a high communication and computation capacity will be required to meet the demands of massive IoT devices and applications requiring data sharing and processing. 5G and beyond mobile networks are expected to fulfill a part of these requirements by providing a data rate of up to terabits per second. It will be a key enabler to support massive IoT and emerging mission critical applications with strict delay constraints. On the other hand, the next generation of software-defined networking (SDN) with emerging cloudrelated technologies (e.g., fog and edge computing) can play an important role in supporting and implementing the above-mentioned applications. This paper sets out the potential opportunities and important challenges that must be addressed in considering options for using SDN in hybrid cloud-fog systems to support 5G and beyond-enabled applications.

scholarly journals Mobile Networks and Internet of Things Infrastructures to Characterize Smart Human Mobility

Smart Cities ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 894-918
Author(s):  
Luís Rosa ◽  
Fábio Silva ◽  
Cesar Analide
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
Human Mobility ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Disruptive Technology ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Design And Optimization ◽  
High Level

The evolution of Mobile Networks and Internet of Things (IoT) architectures allows one to rethink the way smart cities infrastructures are designed and managed, and solve a number of problems in terms of human mobility. The territories that adopt the sensoring era can take advantage of this disruptive technology to improve the quality of mobility of their citizens and the rationalization of their resources. However, with this rapid development of smart terminals and infrastructures, as well as the proliferation of diversified applications, even current networks may not be able to completely meet quickly rising human mobility demands. Thus, they are facing many challenges and to cope with these challenges, different standards and projects have been proposed so far. Accordingly, Artificial Intelligence (AI) has been utilized as a new paradigm for the design and optimization of mobile networks with a high level of intelligence. The objective of this work is to identify and discuss the challenges of mobile networks, alongside IoT and AI, to characterize smart human mobility and to discuss some workable solutions to these challenges. Finally, based on this discussion, we propose paths for future smart human mobility researches.

Call Admission Control Algorithm with Efficient Handoff for Both 4G and 5G Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-08
Author(s):  
Maharazu Mamman ◽  
Zurina Mohd Hanapi
Keyword(s):  
Admission Control ◽  
Mobile Networks ◽  
Call Admission Control ◽  
Blocking Probability ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Transportation Energy ◽  
Call Blocking Probability ◽  
Call Admission ◽  
Performance Challenges

Recently, many generations of mobile networks have changed from one transition to another transition. The mode of transition from the first generation (1G) to the fifth generation (5G) is characterized by a lot of performance challenges such as delay, speed of the users, mobility, and variety of services. Currently, different from prior generations, 5G is not only concerned with the mobile networks but also, with various applications and different services such as health sector, transportation, energy consumption, safety well as Smart City. All these services are incorporated by 5G. In this paper, we proposed a call admission control (CAC) algorithm with an efficient handoff for both 4G and 5G networks. Simulation is used to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, and the obtained results indicate it considerably performs better than do other algorithms based on valuable metrics such as data throughput, call blocking probability (CBP), and call dropping probability (CDP).

MATCHING DIFFICULTIES: BELARUS IS PREPARING TO THE 5G NETWORKS DEPLOYMENT

LastMile ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ivashkin
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Networks ◽  
State Enterprise ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
Last Mile ◽  
5G Network ◽  
The World ◽  
The Republic

Today, many countries around the world are actively building fifth generation mobile networks (5G/IMT-2020). The magazine Last Mile asked the director of the Republican unitary enterprise for supervision on telecommunications "BelGIE" of the Republic of Belarus (hereinafter: State Enterprise "BelGIE") A.A. Ivashkin about the situation with the implementation of the 5G network in the Republic of Belarus.

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